Ch.4 Test Review

Suppose you want to explain a concentration gradient to someone. Create a scenario that illustrates passive transport down the concentration gradient.

A way that passive transport down the concentration gradient is like orders or bad smells that spread throughout a certain spot

The mechanism that prevents sodium ions from building up inside the cell is called

the sodium-potassium pump

When a receptor protein in a cell membrane acts as an enzyme, the receptor protein

activates a second messenger that acts as a signal molecule within the cell.

When a cell uses energy to transport a particle through the cell

active transport

When a substance moves from an area of low concentration to an area of higher concentration, the substance moves its concentration gradient

against

The movement of particles down their concentration gradient through carrier proteins is known as

facilated diffusion

Cell-surface proteins allow a cell to with other cells.

communicate

How is faciliitated diffusion different from the other passive transport processes

ficiliated diffusion is different from other passive transport processes because it involves the movement of particles through carrier proteins

A in the cell membrane may be opened or closed

gated ion channel

How does a cell consume a food particle that is too large to pass through a protein channel

Cells consume a food particle that is too large to pass through a protein channel by using endocytosis

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an ion channel?

It allows ions to move against their concentration gradient.

Using your understanding of osmosis, describe why putting salt on a pork chop before cooking it on a grill is likely to result in a dry, tough piece of meat.

Putting salt on a pork chop before cooking it on the grill is likely to result in a dry tough piece of meat because the salt solution has more concentration than fluid in the cells so water molecules move from the cell to the surface of the pork chop to the surface of the pork chop which then the water evaporates and hardens the pork chop

Describe the electrical charge inside and outside a typical cell. Then explain how this effects an ion's ability to move into the cell.

The electrical charge inside and outside of a typical cell is the inside has a charge that is slightly negative in the outside of the cell is slightly positive this is because positively charged ions outside the cell are more likely to diffuse into the cell through ion channels in the membrane the negatively charged ions are more likely to diffuse out of the cell through ion channels in the membrane

The excretion of materials to the outside of a cell by discharging them from vesicles is called

exocytosis

The process shown is

exocytosis

An exploded cell illustrates a solution

hypertonic

A big dotted cell illustrates a solution

hypotonic

a normal cell illustates a solution

isotonic

A amplifies the communication from a signal molecule.

second messenger

The requires energy to function

sodium-potassium pump