Ch.4: The Energy of Life, Part B: Cell Membrane Transport Mechanisms

Passive transport

Material moves down a concentration gradient and the cell doesn't use energy to make it happen

Active transport (sodium potassium pump)

Materials move against the concentration gradient (low to high) and cells must use energy to pump them up the gradient

Isotonic solution

The concentration of solutes and water are the same inside and outside of the cell. There is no net loss or gain of water

Diffusion

The movement of molecules from high concentration to low

Exocytosis

The process of materials exiting the cell

Endocytosis

The process of moving materials into the cell

Osmosis

diffusion of water

Facilitated diffusion

A form of passive transport in which a membrane proteins assists the movement of a polar solute along its concentration gradient

Hypertonic solution

A strong solution in salts or other solutes, means it has less water. The cell will lose water.

Phagocytosis

A type of endocytosis in which a cell engulfs large particles or whole cells

Pinocytosis

A type of endocytosis in which the cell ingests extracellular fluid and its dissolved solutes.

Hypotonic solution

A weak solution where there are fewer salts and more water. The cell will gain water