Ch5 Mood Disorders

22.Major depressive disorder is diagnosed based on at least __________ symptoms lasting at least __________ weeks

-5 symptoms -2 weeks

1.Which of the following are REQUIRED for someone to meet criteria for a major depressive episode? A) They must experience the symptoms nearly every day, for most of the day, for at least two weeks. B) One symptom has to be either depressed mood or loss of pleasure or interest in previously pleasurable activities. C) They must have a total of 5 symptoms. D) They must have changes in appetite or weight

A and C

2.Which of the following are the major differences between a manic and hypomanic episode? (Choose all that are accurate.) A) How long symptoms are required to have been occurring. B) Whether there are symptoms of depression occurring as well. C) The level of impairment caused by the symptoms

A and C

6.Anna-Marie was just hospitalized due to a manic episode. She does not have a schizophrenia spectrum or other psychotic disorder. What could Anna-Marie be diagnosed with? A) Bipolar I Disorder B) Bipolar II Disorder C) Cyclothymic Disorder D) Provisional Bipolar Disorder

A) Bipolar I Disorder

5.Alina has had two major depressive episodes in the past (both were over a year ago) and she is currently experiencing another major depressive episode. What could Alina be diagnosed with? A) Major depressive disorder B) Bipolar II disorder C) Persistent depressive disorder D) Cyclothymic disorder

A) Major depressive disorder

1.Sophia was just hospitalized due to symptoms that include a persistently expansive and elevated mood. Her family reports she has been noticeably different for 3 days and they brought her because they were worried about her. What episode is she experiencing? A) Manic episode B) Major depressive episode C) Hypomanic episode D) She has not been experiencing symptoms long enough to meet criteria for any mood episode

A) Manic episode

10.Julia is a therapist whose current client is voicing statements about wanting to die. Her client has a plan to overdose on pills that she has saved up for months, and is not willing to surrender these pills to a family member or take other steps to ensure her safety. What is the most reasonable next step for Julia to take? A) Take reasonable precautions to ensure her client's safety, such as arranging for a short-term hospitalization. B) Try to change the topic because talking about suicidal thoughts will only worsen them for her client. C) Refuse to allow the client to leave the office until she surrenders the pills. D) Schedule her for the following week at their usual time, and check in by phone between visits

A) Take reasonable precautions to ensure her client's safety, such as arranging for a short-term hospitalization.

27.The key difference between the diagnostic criteria for bipolar I disorder and bipolar II disorder is that bipolar I disorder is diagnosed on the basis of manic episodes, which are more severe than the hypomanic episodes that are the core criterion for bipolar II disorder. A) True B) False

A) True

3.A person CANNOT be diagnosed with a major depressive episode if they are NOT reporting clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. A) True B) False

A) True

5.Difficulty concentrating and thinking can be a symptom of a major depressive episode. A) True B) False

A) True

26.Among individuals who are depressed, ________. A) cortisol levels are often poorly regulated B) most have Cushing's syndrome as well C) levels of dexamethasone are dysregulated D) All of these are correct.

A) cortisol levels are often poorly regulated

28.For a period of one week, Alan experienced episodes of extreme elation that caused significant functional impairment. Based on this information only, Alan was experiencing a ________. A) manic episode B) hypomanic episode C) depressive episode D) none of these

A) manic episode

17.Across paradigms, treatment of mood disorders typically includes ________. A) psychoeducation B) cognitive therapy C) behavioral marital therapy D) behavioral activation

A) psychoeducation

9.In bipolar disorder, depressive episodes are typically triggered by ________. A) similar factors as in major depression B) difficulty facing the seriousness of the disorder C) after effects of manic episodes D) neurological changes

A) similar factors as in major depression

23.In regard to suicide and gender, more ________ attempt suicide and more ________ actually kill themselves. A) women; men B) women; women C) men; men D) men; women

A) women; men

14.What percentage of people who meet the criteria for a diagnosis of MDD also experience an anxiety disorder during their lifetime? A) 70% B) 60% C) 50% D) 40%

B) 60%

11.Which of the following statements about major depressive disorder (MDD) are FALSE? A) Major depressive episodes often recur in a person's lifetime. B) An untreated major depressive episode can last a maximum of three weeks, then usually dissipates on its own. C) One study found that approximately 50% of people who experienced a major depressive episode experienced at least one more episode within a 10-year time span. D) Five or more depressive symptoms persisting for two weeks or more is required to be diagnosed with major depressive disorder.

B) An untreated major depressive episode can last a maximum of three weeks, then usually dissipates on its own.

1.Max experienced a manic episode two years ago and has not had any other mood episodes since. What could Max be diagnosed with? A) Bipolar II Disorder B) Bipolar I Disorder C) Cyclothymic Disorder D) He could not be diagnosed with any disorder, it has been too long

B) Bipolar I Disorder

2.Lauren experienced a hypomanic episode last month and is currently experiencing a major depressive episode. She has never had a manic episode. What could Lauren be diagnosed with? A) Bipolar I Disorder B) Bipolar II Disorder C) Major Depressive Disorder D) Cyclothymic Disorder

B) Bipolar II Disorder

7.Which of the following statements is an accurate summary of the Diathesis-Stress Model of Depression? A) Depression occurs due to lack of validation from idealized individuals in the person's life. B) Depression occurs when biologically vulnerable individuals are exposed to stressful events. C) Depression is caused when lack of neurotransmitters stress the adrenal system. D) Depression is caused by internal, unconscious conflicts among the ego, id, and superego.

B) Depression occurs when biologically vulnerable individuals are exposed to stressful events

2.If the person is an adult, the mood can be irritable rather than depressed. A) True B) False

B) False

4.If the person has 5 or more symptoms of a major depressive episode but they are taking a medication that could cause those symptoms, they can still be diagnosed with a major depressive episode. A) True B) False

B) False

25.The HPA axis, which may be overly active in people with MDD, triggers the release of ________, the main "stress hormone." A) serotonin B) cortisol C) dopamine D) norepinephrine

B) cortisol

5.Someone experiencing a manic episode just feels like they do not need sleep, they are actually tired. A) True B) False

B) false

2.Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are more popular than other antidepressants because they: A) are more effective B) have fewer side effects C) are cheaper

B) have fewer side effects

18.Major depressive disorder is three times more common among ________ populations. A) high SES B) low SES C) middle class D) none of these

B) low SES

30.Studies on creativity and mood disorders have shown that extreme mania _________ creative output. A) increases B) lowers C) has an unknown effect on D) has no influence on

B) lowers

3.Miracle has never had any actual mood episodes, but she has had symptoms of both depressive and hypomanic episodes for the past two years. The longest time period where she did not have any symptoms was two weeks during that entire time. What could Lauren be diagnosed with? A) Persistent depressive disorder B) Bipolar II disorder C) Cyclothymic disorder D) Bipolar I disorder

C) Cyclothymic disorder

12.Which of the following describes the relationship between depression and suicide? A) Almost all people who commit suicide are depressed. B) Almost all people who are depressed attempt suicide. C) More than half of the people who attempt suicide are depressed at the time of the act. D) Contrary to popular belief, there is no relationship between depression and suicide

C) More than half of the people who attempt suicide are depressed at the time of the act.

4.Bowen has never had any actual mood episodes, but he has had symptoms of a major depressive episode for the past two years. The longest time period where he did not have any symptoms was two weeks during that entire time. What could Bowen be diagnosed with? A) Major depressive disorder B) Bipolar II disorder C) Persistent depressive disorder D) Cyclothymic disorder

C) Persistent depressive disorder

3.Every winter for the past three years, Natalie has felt extremely depressed for a period of months and is unable to keep up with her responsibilities because of her low energy and difficulty concentrating. She always appears to feel better by early spring and is at her best during the summer. Which of the following DSM-5 diagnoses would best fit Natalie? A) Cyclothymic disorder B) Major depression C) Seasonal affective disorder D) Natalie's symptoms reflect normal mood fluctuations and would not be given a DSM-5 diagnosis

C) Seasonal affective disorder

1.All of the following are symptoms of a depressive disorder EXCEPT: A) Profound sadness B) Difficulty concentrating C) Social activity D) Thoughts of suicide

C) Social activity

20.All of the following are true of suicide EXCEPT: A) Men are four times more likely than women to kill themselves. B) Guns are the most common means of suicide. C) Suicide rates decrease in old age. D) Being divorced or widowed elevates suicide risk.

C) Suicide rates decrease in old age

29.Jolynn was experiencing major depression, and she went to a therapist who treated her with interpersonal therapy. Her therapist probably encouraged her to ________. A) confront her parents with her anger at them for neglecting her as a child B) keep a record of her moods over the course of the day and their relationship to the number of positive contacts she has with other people C) examine her own way of relating to others in her environment D) attempt to replace depressing memories with happy ones

C) examine her own way of relating to others in her environment

16.Mindfulness-based therapy is ________. A) most effective for women B) most effective for people who have had just one major depressive episode C) most effective for people who experience recurrent depressive episodes D) as effective as treatment as usual

C) most effective for people who experience recurrent depressive episodes

24.Manuel is very critical of himself and often beats himself up over small mistakes. Whenever something stressful happens, such as getting a bad grade on an exam or arguing with his parents, he burns a part of his body. Manuel is most likely exhibiting ________. A) depression B) suicide C) nonsuicidal self-injury D) behavioral activation

C) nonsuicidal self-injury

4.The slowing of thoughts and movements by those experiencing depression is called ________. A) psychomotor agitation B) social withdrawal C) psychomotor retardation D) melancholia

C) psychomotor retardation

6.For a diagnosis of a hypomanic episode, all of the following are true EXCEPT: A) They are significantly different than their normal functioning to the degree others notice the change. B) They have had symptoms for at least four days in a row. C) They are not experiencing major impairment in functioning. D) They may have psychotic features.

D) They may have psychotic features

15.Medications as a treatment for depression ________. A) are no longer used, since psychotherapy has been demonstrated to be more effective B) are used almost exclusively, since they have been found to be superior to psychotherapy C) continue to be used despite evidence of ineffectiveness and serious side effects D) are used most effectively in conjunction with psychotherapy

D) are used most effectively in conjunction with psychotherapy

19.In the DSM-5, the criteria for a diagnosis of ________ disorder include a single episode of mania during the course of a person's life. A) bipolar II B) cyclothymic C) hypomanic D) bipolar I

D) bipolar I

5.In modern applications of electroconvulsive therapy, electrical current ________. A) is not used. Instead, convulsions are induced chemically B) is passed only through the frontal lobe C) is higher than in the past D) is passed through the non-dominant hemisphere

D) is passed through the non-dominant hemisphere

6.Kyle is a 55-year-old male from Maine who presents with the symptoms of depression several consistently over the same months every year. During these times he sleeps longer and suffers from lower appetite and energy. The best diagnosis that describes his condition is ________. A) major depressive disorder B) persistent depressive disorder C) premenstrual dysphoric disorder D) seasonal affective disorder

D) seasonal affective disorder

8.According to hopelessness theory the most important trigger of depression is having attributions that are ________. A) stable and specific B) unstable and global C) unstable and specific D) stable and global

D) stable and global

13.To lower serotonin levels, researchers deplete levels of _____________. A) tyramine B) melatonin C) dopamine D) tryptophan

D) tryptophan

3.Which of the following are potential symptoms of a manic or hypomanic episode? (Choose all that are accurate.) A) Distractibility B) Being more talkative than normal C)Excessively engaging in behaviors that have a high likelihood of painful consequences D) Decreased need for sleep E) Inflated self-esteem

all of the above

4.Which of the following are required for BOTH major depressive episodes and manic episodes? (Choose all that are accurate.) A) The symptoms cause impairment or some other serious outcome (e.g., significant distress or hospitalization). B) The mood symptoms last most of the day, nearly every day, during the episode. C) The symptoms cannot be better explained by the effects of a substance or medical condition.

all of the above

21.What psychological factor seems to buffer against suicidal action among those who are experiencing suicidal ideation?

fear of bodily harm