Ch.6 Social and Personality Development in Infancy

Attachment theorists believe that children are at risk for future social and personality problems if they do not form a close relationship with a caregiver by the age of:

2 years.

Which is the best comparison of Freud's and Erikson's views of personality development in the first 2 years?

Freud's theory emphasizes psychosexual development, while Erikson's theory emphasizes psychosocial development.

Which statement about attachment patterns across cultures is accurate?

Sensitive caregiving and secure attachments occur across different cultures.

Which statement about temperament is accurate?

Some studies indicate that early temperamental traits are unchanged even in adulthood.

Sometimes Tanner's mother lovingly responds to his needs; other times, she seems to ignore him or responds slowly. Which is the most likely outcome for Tanner?

Tanner will show an ambivalent pattern of attachment.

A researcher places a spot on a baby's nose then lets the baby look in a mirror to see if she touches the mirror or her own nose. What is the researcher testing?

The baby's level of self-awareness

Which statement about studying the effects of nonparental care on development is accurate?

The effect of nonparental care on infant development is difficult to determine because there are many types of nonparental care arrangements.

Which of the following is a sign that an infant has become attached to a particular person?

The infant resists being separated from that person.

Research seems to suggest that, compared to their home-reared peers, children who entered nonparental care during infancy are more likely to exhibit

aggression.

Compared to children who are cared for exclusively by parents, children in nonparental day care are more likely to

be overweight.

Mariposa is upset about a magazine article she read that claimed infants in day care are less likely to be securely attached to their mothers. She is concerned because her own son is in day care 5 days per week. You correctly tell her that

both positive and negative differences between children in day care and their home-reared peers are small.

Miguel is trying to make a tower of three blocks. Though it takes him several attempts, he continues with his task until he succeeds. It appears that Miguel has a high level of:

effortful control.

Compared with mothers, fathers are more likely to

engage in physical play with their infant children.

Danitra's mother returns to the playroom after a short absence. If Danitra is securely attached to her mother, she will most likely

greet her mother with a hug and then return to playing.

Sociable and independent adolescents were most likely to have been

securely attached to their mothers in infancy.