Ch.7 Installing and Operating Cisco LAN Switches

disable

moves the user from enable mode to user mode.

enable

moves the user from user mode to enable (privileged) mode and prompts for a password if one is configured.

Startup config

Stores the initial configuration used anytime the switch reloads Cisco IOS. (Stored in NVRAM)

3 Cabling options for a console connection

1. RJ-45 Console -> Rollover Cable -> Serial Port 2. RJ-45 Console -> Rollover Cable -> USB Converter -> USB Cable -> USB Port 3. USB Console -> USB Cable -> USB Port

List the default console port settings

9600 bits/second No hardware flow control 8-bit ASCII No parity bits 1 stop bit

What type of switch memory is used to store the configuration used by the switch when it is up and working? a. RAM b. ROM c. Flash d. NVRAM e. Bubble

A (RAM) . Switches (and routers) keep the currently used configuration in RAM, using NVRAM to store the configuration file that is loaded when the switch (or router) next loads the IOS.

In what modes can you execute the command show mac address-table? (Choose two) a. User mode b. Enable mode c. Global configuration mode d. Interface configuration mode

A (User mode) and B (Enable mode) . The command in the question is an EXEC command that happens to require only user mode access. As an EXEC command, you cannot use the command in configuration mode, unless you preface the command with "do" (for example, do show mac address-table). As such, you can use this command in both user mode and enable mode.

In which of the following modes of the CLI could you issue the command reload to reboot the switch? a. User mode b. Enable mode c. Global configuration mode d. Interface configuration mode

A (User mode) and B (Enable mode) . The command in the question is an EXEC command that happens to require only user mode access. As an EXEC command, you cannot use the command in configuration mode, unless you preface the command with "do" (for example, do show mac address-table). As such, you can use this command in both user mode and enable mode.

Secure Shell (SSH)

A TCP/IP application layer protocol that supports terminal emulation between a client and server, using dynamic key exchange and encryption to keep the communications private.

User Mode

A mode of the user interface to a router or switch in which the user can type only nondisruptive EXEC commands, generally just to look at the current status, but not to change any operational setttings.

Enable mode

A part of the Cisco IOS CLI in which the user can use the most powerful and potentially disruptive commands on a router or switch, including the ability to then reach configuration mode and reconfigure the router.

Configuration mode

A part of the Cisco IOS Software CLI in which the user can type configuration commands that are then added to the device's currently used configuration file (running config).

Command-line Interface (CLI)

An interface that enables the user to interact with the operating system by entering commands and optional arguments.

Which of the following is a difference between Telnet and SSH as supported by a Cisco switch? a. SSH encrypts the passwords used at login, but not other traffic; Telnet encrypts nothing. b. SSH encrypts all data exchange, including login passwords; Telnet encrypts nothing. c. Telnet is used from Microsoft operating systems, and SSH is used from UNIX and Linux operating systems. d. Telnet encrypts only password exchanges; SSH encrypts all data exchanges.

B (SSH encrypts all data exchange, including login passwords; Telnet encrypts nothing.) . SSH provides a secure remote login option, encrypting all data flows, including password exchanges. Telnet sends all data (including passwords) as clear text.

A switch user is currently in console line configuration mode. Which of the following would place the user in enable mode? (Choose two answers.) a. Using the exit command once b. Using the end command once c. Pressing the Ctrl-Z key sequence once d. Using the quit command

B (Using the end command once) and C (Pressing the Ctrl-Z key sequence once) . The exit command moves the user one config mode backward, toward global configuration mode, or if already in global configuration mode, it moves the user back to enable mode. From console mode, it moves the user back to global configuration mode. The end command and the Ctrl-Z key sequence both move the user back to enable mode regardless of the current configuration submode.

Quit

EXEC command that disconnects the user from the CLI session.

Terminal monitor

EXEC command that tells Cisco IOS to send a copy of all syslog messages, including debug messages, to the Telnet or SSH user who issues this command.

Copy (from location to location)

Enable mode EXEC command that copies files from one file location to another. Locations include the startup config and running config in RAM. files TFTP and RCP servers, and flash memory.

copy startup-config running-config

Enable mode EXEC command that merges the startup config file with the currently active config file in RAM.

Reload

Enable mode EXEC command that reboots the switch or router.

copy running-config startup-config

Enable mode EXEC command that saves the active config, replacing the startup config file used when the switch initializes.

no debug all undebug all

Enable mode EXEC command to disable all currently enabled debugs.

configure terminal

Enable mode command that moves the user into configuration mode.

End

Exits configuration mode and goes back to enable mode from any of the configuration submodes

What command copies the configuration from RAM into NVRAM? a. copy running-config tftp b. copy tftp running-config c. copy running-config start-up-config d. copy start-up-config running-config e. copy startup-config running-config f. copy running-config startup-config

F (copy running-config startup-config ) . The startup config file is in NVRAM, and the running config file is in RAM.

Line Console 0

Global command that changes the context to console configuration mode.

Interface (type port-number)

Global command that changes the context to interface mode for example, Interface FastEthernet 0/1.

Line vty (1st-vty last-vty)

Global command that changes the context to vty configuration mode for the range of vty lines listed in the command.

Hostname (name)

Global command that sets this switch's host name, which is also used as the first part of the switch's command prompt.

Startup config file

In Cisco IOS switches and routers, the name of the file that resides in NVRAM memory, holding the device's configuration that will be loaded into RAM as the running-config file when the device is next reloaded or powered on.

Running config file

In Cisco IOS switches and routers, the name of the file that resides in RAM memory, holding the device's currently used configuration.

Password (pass-value)

Line (console and vty) configuration mode. Lists the password required if the login command (with no other parameters) is configured

Login

Line (console and vty) configuration mode. Tells IOS to prompt for a password (no username)

Show running-config

Lists the contents of the running config file.

show startup-config

Lists the contents of the startup config (initial config) file.

Exit

Moves back to the next higher mode in configuration mode.

Two Main Cisco IOS Configuration files

Startup config and Running Config.

Running config

Stores the currently used configuration commands. This file changes dynamically when someone enters commands in configuration mode. (stored in RAM)

Types of memory in a switch

RAM: Sometimes called DRAM, for dynamic random-access memory, RAM is used by the switch just as it is used by any other computer: for working storage. The running (active) configuration file is stored here. ROM: Read-only-Memory stores a bootstrap or (boothelper) program that is loaded when the switch first powers on. This bootstrap program then finds the full Cisco IOS image and manages the process of loading Cisco IOS into RAM, at which point Cisco IOS takes over operation of the switch. Flash memory: Either a chip inside the switch or a removable memory card, flash emory stores fully functional Cisco IOS images and is the default location where the switch gets its Cisco IOS at boot time. Flash memory also can be used to store any other files, including backup copies of configuration files. NVRAM: Nonvolatile RAM stores the initial or startup configuration file that is used when the switch is first powered on and when the switch is reloaded.

Telnet

The standard terminal-emulation application layer protocol in the TCP/IP protocol stack. Telnet is used for remote termianl connection, enabling users to log in to remote systems and use resources as if they were connected to a local system. Telnet is defined in RFC 854.

Write erase Erase startup-config Erase NVRAM:

These enable mode EXEC commands to erase the startup config file.

Ctrl-Z

This is not a command, but rather a two-key combination (pressing the Ctrl key and the letter Z) that together do the same thing as the end command.

hostname(config)#

in Global mode, the first mode after configure terminal.

hostname(config-if)#

in Interface mode, command to reach interface mode is interface (type number)

hostname(config-line)#

in Line mode, command to reach line mode is line console 0 line vty 0 15

hostname(vlan)#

in VLAN mode, command to reach VLAN mode is vlan (number)