Ch8 Abnormal Psychology

If a friend is considering nutraceuticals for the treatment of depression, your BEST advice would be:

"St. John's wort can be very helpful for mild or moderate cases of depression."

Among the biological treatments for depression, the one that uses an implanted pulse generator is:

vagus nerve stimulation

In bilateral electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), the electrical current passes through:

both sides of the brain

If you were treated with ECT, you would experience a:

brain seizures

Of the following disorders, psychotherapy plays a more central role in:

cyclothymic disorder

Psychodynamic approaches to the treatment of depression may be helpful for individuals who:

experience mild or modest symptoms of depression

Which statement would a psychodynamic therapist be MOST likely to make about studies evaluating the effectiveness of psychodynamic therapy for unipolar depression?

"the therapy does not lend itself to empirical research"

About what percent of clients with unipolar depression receive treatment from a mental health professional each year?

50 percent

About what percentage of clients with unipolar depression receive treatment from a mental health professional each year?

50 percent

What is a correct match of person and approach?

Beck and cognitive therapy

The treatment approach that uses mindfulness training and other cognitive-behavioral techniques is called:

acceptance and commitment therapy

Second messengers are:

active inside the neuron

Which explanation of depression has connected mood in the rewards in a person's life?

behaviorism

Which explanation of depression has connected mood to the reward in a person's life?

behaviorism

Beck's cognitive therapy is to ___, as acceptance and commitment therapy is to ___.

changing negative cognitions; accepting negative cognitions

A therapist turns on a buzzer when a client speaks slowly and laboriously. She turns it off when the client speaks more rapidly. In other cases the therapist instructs the client's spouse to ignore his mate when she complains or acts in a self-depreciating manner. This is an example of:

cognitive-behavioral therapy

Which approach helps people with depression identify and change the maladaptive assumptions and negative thoughts that contribute to their psychological disorder?

cognitive-behavioral therapy

Conclusions from extensive studies of the effectiveness of various forms of treatment for depression show that:

cognitive-behavioral, interpersonal, and biological treatments are all effective treatments

If the focus of your therapist is primarily on how communication and problem-solving difficulties with your partner are contributing to your depression, your therapist is using:

couple therapy

The newest of the brain stimulation treatments or unipolar depression is:

deep brain stimulation

Why is interpersonal psychotherapy considered a sociocultural approach?

depression is thought to result from disrupted social interactions and role expectations

Among biological treatments for unipolar depression, which treatment produces the fastest results?

electroconvulsive therapy

Adjunctive therapy to treat bipolar disorder commonly focuses on:

emphasizing the importance of taking the medication, even though they miss the creative and productive bursts they used to have

A cognitive-behavioral therapist treating a person with depression would be LEAST likely to:

hold the person's hand and say, "I feel so sorry for you," in response to a client who says, "I can't do anything right."

A clinician says at a workshop, "I prefer the most recently developed antidepressant medications, because they are just as effective as tricyclics and they don't require dietary restrictions." This statement is:

inaccurate

Studies have shown that lithium use ___ the size of the hippocampus and ___ the amount of gray matter in patients with bipolar disorder.

increases; increases

Kyle does not feel close to anyone. He feels alone because although he can get to know someone (a woman) quite well on a friendship level, he doesn't know how to get beyond that to a more intimate level. This situation is depressing him. This is an example of what interpersonal psychotherapists refer to as an:

interpersonal deficit

Which interpersonal problem area identified by interpersonal psychotherapists MOST closely resembles the cause of depression suggested by psychoanalysis?

interpersonal loss

Which statement is TRUE about the research on the effectiveness of interpersonal psychotherapy in treating unipolar depression?

interpersonal psychotherapy nearly eliminates depressive symptoms in 50 to 60 percent of clients

If your therapist encouraged you to explore your roles in life and how they might be changing or how your expectations might be different rom someone else's, your therapist would be using:

interpersonal therapy

A therapist is treating a client with severe depression using only behavioral activation techniques. How beneficial do you expect this treatment to be?

it will have limited effectiveness

Which statement about psychodynamic therapy in treating unipolar depression is MOST accurate?

long-term therapy is occasionally helpful for those individuals with moderate symptoms

One of the side effects of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is:

memory loss

According to the text, why are so many treatment approaches effective in the treatment of unipolar depression?

multiple, interacting factors contribute to unipolar depression, and correcting dysfunction in one area helps improve functioning in other areas as well

ECT has changed over the years. Patients given this treatment may now receive:

muscle relaxants

Which finding would support behavioral activation as an effective treatment for depression?

people display fewer symptoms of depression when depressive behaviors are no longer reinforced

Which treatment would a cognitive-behavioral therapist be MOST likely to use with a patient with unipolar depression?

praise for engaging in positive activities

Which action is MOST consistent with a contingency management approach?

praising the person for engaging in nondepressive activities

Which patient group was the first treated with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)?

psychotic patients

If a therapist asked you to say whatever came to mind, then suggested interpretations designed to help you work through grief over real or imagined losses, your therapist would be using:

psychodynamic therapy

The contingency management approach is an example of the application of ___ to the treatment of depression.

reinforcement

Which description BEST indicates how tricyclics work upon ingestion?

reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin blocked, norepinephrine or serotonin remains in the synapse longer, increased stimulation of receiving neurons

Interpersonal psychotherapists believe that therapy must address:

role transitions in relationships

A person taking antidepressant medication is starting to gain weight and reports decreasing interest in sexual activity. These changes are MOST common among people taking which kind of antidepressant medication?

second-generation antidepressant

Most second-generation antidepressants are:

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

Second-generation antidepressants appear to act by:

selectively blocking the reuptake of serotonin

You would expect to see the biggest impact of lithium on which part of the neuron?

the firing of the receiving neuron

Ugo Cerletti, the first psychiatrist to use ECT effectively, later abandoned the procedure because of:

the likelihood of causing broken bones and dislocated joints

Which is NOT a goal of the cultural-sensitive therapy movement?

therapy for minority clients delivered exclusively by minority therapists

Researchers were searching for drugs to treat schizophrenia when they came across imipramine, which alleviated the symptoms of depression, although it was not effective against schizophrenia. It became the first of a class of drugs, all sharing a similar molecular structure called:

tricyclics

Some individuals are fearful of electroconvulsive therapy. Which steps would a clinician MOST likely take to alleviate that fear?

use anesthetics to put the person to sleep during the procedure