CH8 mastery training (sleep & wakefulness)
basal forebrain
area anterior and dorsal to the hypothalamus, includes cell clusters that promote wakefulness & sleep
polysomnograph
combo of EEG & eye-movement records
narcolepsy
condition characterized by frequent periods of sleepiness during the day
vegetative state
condition in which someone alternates between wakefulness and sleep but shows only limited responsiveness
minimally conscious state
condition of decreased brain activity w occasional periods of purposeful actions & limited speech comprehension
brain death
condition w no sign of brain activity & no response to any stimulus
jet lag
disruption of circadian rhythms due to crossing time zones
PGO wave
distinctive pattern of high-amplitude electrical potential
pineal gland
endocrine gland located just posterior to the thalamus that releases the hormone melatonin
night terror
experience of intense anxiety from which a person awakens screaming
coma
extended period of unconsciousness w a low level of brain activity
melatonin
hormone that influences both circadian and circannual rhythms
activation-synthesis hypothesis
idea that a dream represents the brain's effort to make sense of distorted info
sleep apnea
impaired ability to breathe while sleeping
insomnia
inadequate sleep
orexin
neurotransmitter that increases wakefulness and arousal
pontomensecephalon
part of the reticular formation that contributes to cortical arousal
neurocognitive hypothesis
proposal that dreams represent thinking related to recent memories under conditions of reduced sensory input
endogenous circadian rhythm
self-generated sense of time that lasts about a day
endogenous circannual rhythm
self-generated sense of time that lasts about a year
sleep spindle
series of 12-14 Hz brain waves in bursts that last at least 1/2 a second
K-Complex
sharp brain wave associated w temporary inhibition of neuron firing
periodic limb movement disorder
sleep disorder characterized by repeated involuntary movement of the legs and sometimes the arms
rapid eye movement (REM) sleep
sleep stage w high brain activity & relaxation of large muscles
paradoxical sleep
sleep that is deep in some ways and light in others
locus coeruleus
small structure in the pons that emits bursts of impulses in response to meaningful events
non-REM (NREM) sleep
stages of sleep other than that w high brain activity & relaxation of large muscles
alpha wave
steady series of brain waves that is a characteristic of relaxation
zeitgeber
stimulus that resets the circadian rhythm
reticular formation
structure that selectively increases arousal and attention in various forebrain areas
