Ch.9 Smart book and Assignment - Developmental Psych

The average 10-year-old weighs about how many pounds more than 40 years ago.

18 pounds

In the United States, about what percent of children ages two to nineteen are obese.

19%

What is the average growth in inches for children in elementary school each year?

2 to 3 inches

On a typical day, about what percent of children in the United States are eating fast food that is high in fats, carbohydrates, and sugar additives?

33%

Children typically have acute medical conditions about how many times per year?

6 to 7

Piaget's cognitive operational stage lasts from approximately what ages

7-11 years old

Disability

A disorder that interferes with specific areas of school achievement like listening, speaking, reading, writing, or mathematics is seen as a learning

The use of a device to improve memory is called

A mnemonic strategy.

A mnemonic strategy is....

A technique used to aid memory.

What is the leading cause of death among school-age children?

Accidental injuries

A main criterion for giftedness is a high general intelligence, which is proven by......

An IQ score of 130 or greater.

Which of the following activities are common among parents of children who do well in school?

Attending school events Communicating effectively with their child's teachers

How can Carla prevent her young daughter from becoming overweight or obese?

By cooking meals that are healthy By staying aware of her daughter's weight By signing her daughter up for a sports team or an exercise class

What are some acute medical conditions?

Common Cold Virus Flu

Shawna is eight years old and has begun to use logic to reason through day-to-day problems in her life. According to Piaget, which stage of cognitive development has Shawna entered?

Concrete operational

According to Piaget's theory, a 9-year-old child who can think logically but not abstractly is in which stage?

Concrete operations

Susan, age 8, understands causality, conservation, and categories. She is probably at what stage of cognitive development?

Concrete operations

Finding the one right answer to a problem is called

Convergent thinking

The type of thinking that IQ tests measure is called

Convergent thinking

What is a positive side of IQ tests as claimed by proponents of psychometric intelligence tests?

Cross-culturally, scores on IQ tests are good predictors of school achievement.

The unemployment rate is at 5 percent, so 5 percent of my neighbors must be unemployed. What type of reasoning is this?

Deductive reasoning

A test that emphasizes potential rather than past learning is known as a(n)...

Dynamic test

What disorder is characterized by reading achievement that is substantially lower than predicted by IQ or age?

Dyslexia

What are among the known main causes of intellectual disability?

Environmental exposure to lead or high levels of mercury Genetic disorders Prenatal exposure to infection or alcohol

Sarah claims that most people are happy; she knows this because she read it on Wikipedia. Jake concludes that Sarah does not have enough evidence to make the claim that most people are happy. What two elements of critical thinking is Jake demonstrating?

Evaluating the argument and forming a conclusion based on the evidence

Gage is telling his mom a story of what another child did to him in school today. Gage's ability to do this tells you he is probably in what grade?

First grade

Abe is in fourth grade and has seen steady improvements in his selective attention. What is true of Abe?

He is able to block out distractions. He is able to pay attention for extended periods of time.

Which of the following is one of the largest factors of intelligence according to Dr. Ceci?

Individual motivation

Growth of selective attention may hinge on the executive skill of what, which is the voluntary suppression of unwanted responses?

Inhibitory control

According to Gardner, the ability to understand the self is called what?

Intrapersonal intelligence

Between the ages of 6 and 11, what happens to school-age children's weight?

It doubles

How are COVID-19-related school closures and distance learning likely to affect children in lower-income households?

It is not expected that these measures will affect any group of children based on income level.

What is a nontraditional individual intelligence test designed to provide fair assessments of minority children and children with disabilities?

Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children

Compared with boys, girls tend to

Make better grades. Have fewer school problems. Outperform in national reading tests.

Rough-and-tumble play peaks during what age group?

Middle childhood

Which of the following are aspects of pragmatics?

Narrative skill Conversational skill

Which of the following are included in Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences?

Naturalist Interpersonal

Piaget believed that younger children's illogical thinking gave way to more flexible, logical thinking as a result of which of the following?

Neurological development Experience

Which psychometric test asks children to classify items, show an understanding of verbal and numerical concepts, display general information, and follow directions?

Otis-Lennon School Ability Test (OLSAT8)

What factors contribute to children's sleep problems?

Parents allowing children to set their own bedtimes Televisions located in children's bedrooms

The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children tests which type of abilities?

Performance ability Verbal ability

What describes the learning approach where children translate from print to speech?

Phonetic Code-emphasis

Siri can solve the following problem: If a is less than b and b is less than c, then a is less than c. Siri is demonstrating what concept?

Piaget's concept of transitive inferences

What refers to both the practical knowledge needed to use language for communicative purposes and the social context of language?

Pragmatics

Which of the following refers to both the practical knowledge needed to use language for communicative purposes and the social context of language?

Pragmatics

Which of the following are involved in the efficiency of working memory?

Processing speed Storage capacity

How can a community work to reduce childhood obesity?

Promote healthy lifestyle changes Increase activity at home and school Provide effective weight-management programs

Research has shown that which of the following affects children's ability to conserve?

Schooling Culture

A child who can deliberately direct his attention and shut out distractions is displaying what?

Selective attention.

The ability of a child to organize according to size is an example of which of the following?

Seriation

The ability to order items along a dimension is called...

Seriation

Felipe loves to line up all of his cars and trucks by size; Felipe has accomplished an understanding of the concept of.......

Seriation.

What is intellectual disability?

Significantly subnormal cognitive functioning

What activities should children wear helmets?

Snowboarding Roller-skating Bicycling

Examples of problems where Convergent Thinking is required to solve it

Solving a multiple-choice test question for your biology class. Determining whether your electric bill has been paid this month. Finding out whether your family will be coming to visit for the holidays.

Some changes that occur with concrete operational thinking include the ability to........

Sort into categories and conserve.

Compared with girls, boys tend to perform better in

Spatial tasks.

The deep underlying structure of language that organizes words into understandable phrases and sentences is called what?

Syntax

As children age, they are able to use more precise verbs and speak in more elaborate sentences. This indicates that which of the following is improving?

Syntax Vocabulary

Parents of high-achieving children tend to

Talk with their child about school. Monitor their child's activities. Provide a place for their child to study and store their school materials.

What are some criticisms of IQ testing?

Tests are poor measures of native ability. Test scores may not be accurate for children who work slowly and carefully. Tests underestimate intelligence for children who are ill.

Which best describes executive function?

The conscious control of thoughts, emotions, and actions to accomplish goals or solve problems

Which reading instruction approach relies on decoding?

The phonetic approach

What is one theory about what these "genius genes" do?

They help make nerve cells and transmit signals from one part of the brain to another.

Parents of high-achieving children do what?

They provide a place to study. They are involved with school activities.

The ability to understand the relationship between two objects by knowing the relationship of each to a third object is called....

Transitive inference

Children need less sleep in middle childhood than in early childhood.

True

What psychometric test is the most widely used?

Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children

What psychometric test measures verbal and performance abilities, yielding separate scores for each as well as a total composite score?

Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-IV)

The improvement in processing speed and storage capacity leads to improvements in what?

Working memory

Melissa and Kristin are arguing about the right answer to a question on their practice quiz. Melissa says that the right answer requires them to consider all of the facts before making a conclusion. Kristin says the correct answer is on page 74 and they should just copy it. Is Melissa using critical thinking to support her position?

Yes, because she is considering the facts before drawing a conclusion.

Which change in the frontal cortex is likely linked with differences in IQ?

amount of gray matter in the frontal cortex

Componential intelligence is also known as

analytical intelligence

Inductive reasoning

begins with specific observations and progresses analytically to broader generalizations and theories based on those observed cases.

Corbin recently received his annual evaluation at work. His boss described him as "very insightful, always full of new ideas during our meetings, and his work is full of inventive and imaginative touches...." What type of intelligence does Corbin most likely possess?

creative intelligence

The ability to see situations in a new way and find novel solutions is called

creativity

Jan is able to find innovative and novel solutions to problems. Jan likely scores high in

creativity.

Brainstorming, when one comes up with as many solutions as possible, occurs as a part of.....

divergent thinking.

Howard Gardner argued that high intelligence in one of the eight multiple intelligences....

does not necessarily accompany high intelligence in another.

Intelligence-testing scores tend to drop in children

during summer vacation.

A learning disability that involves a severe impairment in a child's ability to read and spell is called

dyslexia

Mark is very intelligent. What is not an important factor in his high IQ?

emotional factors

Which of the following teacher activities have been shown to reduce the risk of school failure for children in the first grade?

giving evaluative feedback engaging in discussion providing frequent literacy instruction

What are factors have been linked to childhood obesity?

inactivity lack of nutrition genetic inheritance

Research has shown that there is a genetic influence on

individua differences in intelligence.

Robyn is writing a research paper and she is frustrated because she can't find some of the information she needs to finish writing it. Her awareness that she is missing some information is an example of....

metacognition.

How many genes are involved in having a high IQ?

more than one

Martin is thought of as being "street smart" rather than "book smart." Martin could be described as having a higher ______ intelligence and a lower ______ intelligence.

practical; analytical

The practical use of language to communicate in a social context is called

pragmatics.

Some research has suggested that boys outperform girls on What ( Reilly et al., 2015 ), but other research has not found a gender gap ( Lindberg et al., 2010).

science and math

According to the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act, children with intellectual disabilities must be educated in....

the least restrictive environment possible.

Divergent thinking is used when..

there are many possible solutions, so you think in multiple directions.

The loss of gray matter in the cerebral cortex of the brain is balanced by a steady increase in....

white matter

Rough-and-tumble play consists of.....

wrestling, chasing, and kicking.