chap 4 MWH

From Europe, Africa, and Asia to the Americas

Cattle, Horses, Bananas, Wheat, sugar cane, honey bees, rice, rye, barely, sugar and coffee.

From the Americas to Europe, Africa and Asia

Cocoa, potatoes, siphilis, peanuts, corn, tobacco, squash, tomatoes, manioc, cacao, peppers and most beans.

Earth rotates to the

East

wind travels counter clockwise

In the southern hemisphere

What was the impact on the world because of these explorations?

Many new technologies, exchanged plants and animals, and new ideas were all because of the discovery of the new world.

Pathogens from europeans were devastating to

Native Americans

What Bolivian and Peruvian delicacy is known as the fruit of the mountains

The American Guinea pig.

which food was largely responsible for population increase in northern europe.

The potato

the winds sometimes cancel each other out

These conditions were called doldrums

What were they looking for

They were looking for gold, spices and wealth.

First european expadition around the tip of Africa

Vasco De Gama using a lateen sail in 1497

what helped populations to rise?

an increase in food supply.

Cause- Atlantic trade winds north of the equator blow clockwise.

effect- South of the equator they blew counter clockwise.

wind travels clockwise

in the northern hemisphere

Mestizos

is a person of european and native american descent

The most important consequences of the columbian exchange were

the de-population of native americans because of disease and the increased population of the old world because of new crops.

what affected portuguese trade routes

wind over the atlantic ocean.

Joint-stock company

A joint-stock company is a business where stocks, or a share of ownership in a company, are bought and owned by shareholders.

Where does maize/corn prosper

Areas too dry for rice and too wet for wheat.

What was a major benefit of the arrival of livestock in the Americas

Grass was able to be turned into animal protein (meat and milk). Humans cannot eat the grass but the livestock can.

Peninsulares

Peninsulares is a person born on the Iberian Peninsula; typically, a Spanish or Portuguese official who resided temporarily in Latin America for political and economic gain and then returned to Europe

Caravel pros, cons

Pros- They sailed fast and into the wind and they could also sail in shallow waters. Cons- They were fragile and they could not fight strong winds

Barinel

Pros- strong against weather strong against attacks and cheaper than other ships Cons- Slow, hard to manage, don't fight wind well.

Middle Passage

The Middle Passage is the forced voyage of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the americas. It was the second leg of the triangluar trade.

Slave trade

The slave trade was a tragic thing that happened to African countries and villages. The slave traders took Africa's strongest men and women leaving villages underpopulated.

On the way to the americas from spain, the trade winds...

Took ships on a southwestern course before they turned north towards the bahamas.

Mulattoes

a person of European and African descent.

Creoles

a person of European descent born in Latin America and living there permanently

Caravel was created to

sail around the tip of Africa using a lateen/triangular sail.

The Columbian exchange is coined by

Alfred Crosby- he thought it was the most spectacular thing to ever happen to humans.

Suppose you were in a sailboat race around the lake. How could the lateen sail help you win the race?

It would help you sail where the wind is not blowing in the right direction.

The direction of Earth's winds is determined by

Latitude, and is affected by earth's rotation.

What country fell from a population of 30 million to 3 million in less than 50 years due to smallpox.

Mexico (The Aztecs)

Carack

Pros-relatively big and influential and helped make better ships in the future. Cons- They would easily toppel in high winds

What would have happened to portugal's trade if they had not found a way to sail around the tip of Africa?

The either would have had to use the silk road or they would have to sail north to the arctic sea and that would be extremely dangerous.

What was the greatest impact of the columbian exchange.

The exchange of different food crops.

The columbian exchange was

The exchange of plants, animals and pathogens between the 2 hemispheres.

Where did the explores go and what time frame did they travel in?

They went to the Americas from the late fifteenth century to the late nineteenth century.

What allowed them to reproduce so rapidly

They were nobodies pray, so they were free to roam and reproduce.

the wind patterns are called

Trade winds

If you were to set sail from the southern coast of Africa for a trip to the Bahamas, In which direction should the trade winds take your ship if you didn't have a caravel with a lateen sail?

You would travel counterclockwise because the the southern region of africa is south of the equator.

Export

a good that is manufactured in your country that is shipped out to other countries.

Mita

a labor system that the Spanish administrators in Peru used to draft native people to work

Conquistador

a leader in the Spanish conquest of America. Similar to a military leader today.

Mercantilism

a set of principles that dominated thought in the 17th century. It stated that the prosperity of a nation relied on silver and gold.

Encomienda

a system of labor the Spanish used in the Americas; Spanish landowners had the right, as granted by Queen Isabella, to use Native Americans as laborers

Caravel (definition)

a type of ship that is small, fast, and maneuverable. It also typically had 3 sails.

Plantations

are large agricultural estates that grow goods like food and cotton.

Subsidies

are payments to support enterprises a government thinks are beneficial.

Before 1492 there were 2 different

ecosystems, disease pools, sets of culturally diverse peoples and sets of flora and fauna.

What animals were first brought by columbus during his 2ed voyage in 1493

horses, cattle, chickens, dogs, sheep and goats.

list ways the columbian exchange impacts us today.

our diets are diverse. our grocery stores have many options. we have more disease. We have more fashions. corporation like mcdonalds are worldwide.

Labor

people with all their abilities and efforts; work performed by people that provides the goods or services in an economy

On the trip back to spain, ships had to follow...

the trade winds northeast before they turned south toward spain.

Sailers would use these winds when navigating

their trade routes

europeans were thoroughly diseased and had immunity because of

they domesticated farm animals, had many wars, explored and built cities.