chap 8
sarcomas
arise in the tissue and support the body
In some organisms such as certain fungi and algae, cells undergo the cell cycle repeatedly without subsequently undergoing cytokinesis. What would result from this?
large cells containing many nuclei
cell cycle control system
operating set molecules that triggers and coordinates key events
autosomes
other 22 pairs of chromosomes
density-dependent inhabitation
phenomenon that crossed cells stop dividing
Asexual reproduction _____.
produces offspring genetically identical to the parent
Which of the following is NOT a function of the cell cycle in eukaryotes?
production of gametes
genetic recombination
production of gene combinations different from those carried by the original chromosomes.
growth factor
protein secreted by certain body cells that simulates other body cells to divide
A benign tumor is a condition in which the cells ...
remain confined to their original site
duplication
repetition of part of a chromosome resulting from fusion with a fragment from homolgous chromosome
cell division
reproduction of cells
cleavage furrow
shallow grooves in the cells surface
mitotic spindle
structure or microtubules that guides the separation of the two sets of daughter chromosomes
chromosomes
structures that contain most of the organs DNA
Crossing over is _____.
the exchange of homologous portions of nonsister chromatids
deletion
the loss of one or more nucleotides from a gene by mutation
mitotic Phase
the part of the cell cycle when the cell actual divides
anchorage dependence
the requirement to divide a cell must be attached to a solid surface
metastasis
the spread of cancer cells via the circulatory system beyond their original site
Mitosis and cytokinesis result in the formation of ______; meiosis and cytokinesis result in the formation of ________.
two diploid cells ... four haploid cells
meiosis
type of cell division that produces haploid gametes into diploid organisms
binary fission
type of cell division that reproduces prokaryotes
trisomy 21
when a human has 47 chromosomes
benign tumor
when abnormal cells remain at their original site
A human somatic cell contains _____ chromosomes.
46
There are a number of differences between the binary fission of a bacterium and the cell division of a human cell. What is NOT a difference?
Bacteria have to duplicate their DNA before dividing.
haploid cell
a cell with a single chromosome set
inversion
a change in a chromosome resulting from a reattachment of a chromosome fragment
homologous chromosomes
a pair of chromosomes
tumor
an abnormal growth of mass body cells
If a fragment of a chromosome breaks off and then reattaches to the original chromosome at the same place but in the reverse direction, the resulting chromosomal abnormality is called _____.
an inversion
nonisjunction
an occasional mishap
diploid cells
any cell with two homologous sets of chromosomes
Replication of all the chromosomal DNA occurs...
before a cell divides
leukemia and lymphoma
blood cancer
somatic
body cell
carcinomas
cancer the originated in the internal or external covering of the body
cancer cells
cells that don't respond normally to the cell cycle control system
translocation
chromosomal change
karyotype
chromosomes arranged in pairs
chromatin
combination of DNA and protein molecules
down syndrome
condition where you have 1 more chromosome
sister chromatids
contains identical copies of the DNA molecule
locus
determines whether a person has freckles
cell plate
double membrane across the middle of the plant
chiasma
each crossing
gametes
egg and sperm cells
crossing over
exchange of corresponding segments between two homologous chromosomes
zygote
fertilized
centromere
holds the sister chromatids together