Chap 9

empathy-altruism model

helping motivated by empathy

Which of the following explains why a positive mood can decrease the probability of responding in prosocial ways?

Being in a good mood can lead us to interpret emergency situations as not really serious.

Who mostly benefits from crowdfunding?

Entrepreneurs and communities

mirror neurons

Frontal lobe neurons that fire when performing certain actions or when observing another doing so. The brain's mirroring of another's action may enable imitation, language learning, and empathy.

Janelle wants to begin hosting her own podcast focused on community events. She will need some money to purchase recording equipment and create a small studio in her house. She is thinking of reaching out to other community members to ask for their financial support. Which of the following websites should Janelle use?

Kickstarter

In general, we are more likely to help those whom we are closely related than others. Which of the following offers support for this?

Kin selection theory

Which inherent neurological system allows most people to experience what others are experiencing automatically?

Mirror neurons

Your friend Gretchen is notoriously rude to her partner. She never says anything nice or complimentary and frequently embarrasses her partner in front of others. Gretchen calls and leaves a very distressed message for you letting you know that her partner has dumped her and she really needs someone to talk to about it. Will you call Gretchen back?

No, because you feel Gretchen is responsible for her own predicament.

Which of the following best describes prosocial behavior and aggression

They have overlapping features.

One day you are out biking on a relatively deserted trail. You see a fellow cyclist on the side of the trail with the bike's wheels in the air. When will you be most likely to help?

When you know a great deal about bikes and work at a bicycle repair shop

Jenny, a 5-year-old child, may be MOST likely to exhibit helping behavior after playing ________ video game.

a prosocial

David sees a homeless person and thinks that "this guy has no one to blame but himself." Thus, David appears to believe that this homeless man's misfortunes are ________.

controllable

Raphael helps Lisa carry her groceries up the stairs. Lisa comes by 15 minutes later and says, "Thank you. The frozen food would have melted if you hadn't helped me." Because of her response to his help, Raphael is motivated to help others later. This scenario is MOST consistent with the ________.

empathic joy hypothesis

Emily, who is always slightly depressed, helps a little boy find his mom at the mall. Emily is surprised to find her mood has improved. This is likely because ________.

helping a person often relieves a negative mood

In an emergency, a helpful bystander can increase the helpfulness of others because the bystander serves as a social ________.

model

The empathy-altruism hypothesis suggests that at least some prosocial behavior is

motivated solely by the desire to help someone in need

Oscar is alone resting on a beach when he notices someone who appears to be floundering in the ocean. Since he does not know how to swim, Oscar realizes that he cannot help this individual himself. This example illustrates that people ________.

often decide that they cannot help when they do not know what to do

kin selection theory

predicts that the degree of altruism depends on the number of genes shared by individuals

People who feel isolated from a particular group are experiencing ________ exclusion.

social

Karen knows that her neighbors often struggle to make ends meet. She sometimes offers to babysit for free because she can easily afford to do so and feels good that she can help in this small way. This example most clearly illustrates ________.

the empathic joy hypothesis

negative state relief model

the proposition that people help others in order to counteract their own feelings of sadness

empathic joy hypothesis

the view that helpers respond to the needs of a victim because they want to accomplish something, and doing so is rewarding in and of itself

Ron and Elaine are walking down the street when they see someone helping an old man across the road. On the next block, they see a woman having difficulty in trying to get across the street. Elaine says, "We'd better give her a hand." The woman who initially helped the old man ________.

acted as a prosocial model