Chap 9: The world of Polymers and Plastics

Ehthylene is not classified as a pollutant but it can nonetheless still be categorized as which of the following?

VOC

What is the first step in addition polymerization?

reaction of the radical initiator with the monomer

Which of the following statements correctly describes the peptide bond?

-A peptide bond is formed between the amino group of one amino acid the carboxyl group of another. -Each amino acid can form at least two peptide bonds.

Which of the following options correctly describe the structural features of nylon?

-Adipic acid is a monomer of nylon -Nylon is an alternating copolymer -Nylon is formed from two different monomers

Which of the following options correctly describe amino acids?

-An amino acid has an amine group and a carboxylic acid group bonded to a carbon. -Twenty amino acids occur naturally

Which of the following do proteins and nylon have in common?

-Both polymers are formed through condensation polymerization -Both polymers are copolymers -The monomers of both polymers are inked through amide linkages

Which functional groups are found in lactic acid, which is the monomer for PLA (polylactic acid)?

-Carboxylic acid -Hydroxyl

Which of the following are common uses of PLA, or polyactic acid?

-Clothing fibers -Water-resistant coatings -Transparent food packaging

Which of the following options correctly describe eco-friendly polymers?

-Eco-friendly polymers are made from materials such as wood, cotton, starch, and sugar. -Eco-friendly polymers waste decomposes easily -Eco-friendly polymers have been used in automobile parts

Which of the following options correctly describe the properties of the ethylene?

-Ethylene is flammable -Ethylene is produced at oil refineries -Ethylene is a colorless gas

Which of the following describe the fates of plastics that are not recycled?

-Landfill -Placed in the ocean -Incinerator

Which of the following options correctly describe landfills?

-Landfills can leak unwanted materials into the surrounding area -Landfill space is plentiful in some regions.

Which of the following options correctly describe the recycling of PET?

-PET can be separated from other polymers by density -Recycled PET can be converted into polyester fabrics.

What are potential drawbacks to the manufacture and use of polylactic acid (PLA)?

-PLA softens at 60C, so its use is limited to low-temperature applications -Lactic acid comes from corn, so PLA manufacture competes with other corn uses.

Which of the following options correctly describe the process of addition polymerization, using ethylene as the monomer?

-Reaction of the radical initiator with ethylene produces a new carbon radical -The first step in this reaction involves the attachment of the radical initiator to a C atom of the ethylene molecule. -A large number of ethylene molecules can be linked together by the formation of radicals.

Which of the following options correctly define various recycling terms?

-Recyclable means a material can be recycled, not that it necessarily is recycled -Recycled-content products contain materials that otherwise would have been discarded

Which of the following are common applications of synthetic polymers?

-Soft drink bottles -Sports equipment -Cell phone case

Which of the following options correctly describe biodegradable polymers?

-Some biodegradable polymers do not degrade in landfills due to the lack of oxygen and microorganisms. -Biodegradable polymers contain monomers that create weak spots in the polymer chain.

Which of the following is/are considered municipal solid waste (MSW)?

-Old microwave -Grass clippings -Banana peel

The bond between one amino acid and another is called a(n) __________ bond. This type of bond is an example of the __________ functional group.

Peptide; Amide

Which of the following are advantages of recycling?

-The amount of waste in landfills is reduced -Recycling may contribute to lower pollution of air, water, and soil during manufacture -Recycling helps us to conserve natural resources such as petroleum, timber and water

Which of the following options correctly describe the initiator used in addition polymerization reactions?

-The initiator is a free radical -The initiator is highly reactive

Which of the following options correctly describe the process of completing a polymerization reaction?

-The process stops when the ends of two chains join -The process is stopped when the monomer is used up

What properties of polymers that make them useful for many applications?

-high strength -low density -high flexibility

Sustainable packaging __________ .

-is recovers effectively after use -optimizes the use of renewable or recycled source materials -is safe and healthy for individuals throughout its life cycle

place the steps for recycling in the correct order. starting with the first step at the top of the list.

1. Collection of plastics 2. Transport of plastic to recycling facility 3. Sorting of plastic 4. Melting of plastic 5. Manufacture of new products or pelletization

Place the following of plastics in order from most recycled to least recycled.

1. Containers/Packaging 2. Durable goods 3. Nondurable goods

Place the following types of municipal waste in order of abundance, starting with the item that comprises the greatest amount of waste at the top of the list.

1. Paper 2. Food scraps 3. Yard trimmings 4. Plastics 5. Metals

Place "the four R's" for increasing sustainability in order of their desirability, starting with the most desirable activity at the top of the list

1. Reduce 2. Reuse 3. Recycle 4. Recover

Match each polymer with the correct description of its structure and properties

>Proteins have - 20 different monomers >PET has - 2 different monomers >Amides - link protein monomers together >Esters - link PET monomers together

Match each recycling term with the appropriate definition.

>Recycled-content products - Products created from materials that would have otherwise been found in the waste stream >Postconsumer content - Material that was previously used industrially or individually that would have otherwise been discarded. >Preconsumer content - waste remaining from the manufacturing process >Recyclable products - products that are not necessarily made from recycled materials but can themselves be recycled

Match each of the R's with an example that illustrates the activity appropriately.

>Reduce - A manufacturer produces a plastic bottle that contains less material >Reuse - A consumer uses a plastic grocery bag several times >Recycle - A consumer separates plastics from other trash as it has recycled. >Recover - A facility burns the plastics to convert chemical energy to heat energy

An amino acid contains a(n) __________ and a(n) __________.

Amine; Carboxylic acid

A material such as nylon, which was developed using inspiration from nature, is called a __________ material.

Biomimetic

The main disadvantage of incinerating synthetic polymers is the production of __________, a greenhouse gas. In addition, incineration of polymers such as PVC can produce __________, which can contribute to acid rain. Burning plastics can also produce toxic gases and the ashes from incineration can contain heavy metals.

CO2; HCl

In the absence of a(n) __________ ethylene will not polymerize to form polyethylene. The compound used to initiate the polymerization ethylene is highly reactive because it possesses a(n) __________.

Catalyst; Unpaired electron

Polylactic acid (PLA) is a(n) __________ polymer formed when units of lactic acid are joined together. For each covalent bond that forms in the chain a molecule of __________ is released.

Condensation; H2O

Plastics in landfills are problematic because they __________.

Do not readily biodegrade

The main advantage of recycling plastics is that some are removed from the waste stream. The main disadvantage is that recycling plastics is very costly in terms of __________. For this reason, it is sometimes less costly to produce a new plastic than to recycle one.

Energy use

Which of the following functional groups makes up the backbone of a polyamide?

F

Ethylene is the smallest member in the family of __________ containing a carbon-carbon __________ bond.

Hydrocabons;Double

When a mixture of polymers is melted together the resulting product is __________ valuable that homogeneous recycled plastic. The properties of the mixed material are __________, resulting in its use as a parking lot bumpers or disposable plastics pots.

Less; Lower grade

The coefficient "n" preceding a reactant in polymerization reaction represents the number of __________ of monomer that react.

Molecules

Waste such as leftover lasagna, old toaster ovens and grass clippings are considered to be __________ solid waste.

Municipal

Waste such as leftover lasagna, old toaster ovens, and grass clippings are considered to be __________ solid waste.

Municipal

A protein is a __________ polymer made up monomers called __________.

Natural; Amino acids

Which type of synthetic polymer is the most recycled in terms of millions of pounds?

PET

Why isn't polylactic acid (PLA) currently recycled?

PLA is incompatible with PET in the recycling stream

Which of the following starting materials is NOT used to synthesize eco-friendly polymers?

Petroleum

Which of the following options correctly describe plastics in landfills?

Plastics are not readily biodegradable

The polymerization of the monomer ethylene produces the polymer __________.

Polyethylene

The term __________ is used to describe processes that produce less material therefore less waste.

Source reduction

What are biodegradable polymers not currently widely employed?

The environmental impacts of degrading biodegradable polymers are unclear

Polylactic acid (PLA) is a(n) __________ polymer that is most useful at __________ temperatures.

Thermoplastic; Lower

True or false: Recycling a synthetic polymer can be more energetically costly that synthesizing a new one.

True

The small repeating units used to synthesize polymers are called __________.

monomers

An addition polymer is formed when two monomers containing __________ bonds react in the presence of a(n) __________ initiator.

multiple;radical

The backbone of both proteins and nylon are linked by the same function group making them both __________.

polyamides

Nylon was originally intended as a substitute for which natural textile?

silk