chapt 4, RM

When considering whether research is ethical, which of the following are balanced against each other?

Risk to participants versus value of the knowledge gained.

You suspect that the people who will most benefit from your study are high school and college students because they are asked to perform cognitive functions in various stages of sleep deprivation. Given this information, what type of participants should recruit for your study?

Students from a local university

Your decision about the type of participants to recruit should be informed by which of the following principles of the Belmont Report?

The principle of justice

You ask your participants to provide informed consent. Doing this is adhering to which principle of the Belmont Report?

The principle of respect for persons

Ethical decision making is

based on a balance of priorities.

The principle of justice calls for a balance between _____ and _____.

the kind of people who participate in research; the kind of people who benefit from it

In addition to the three principles derived from the Belmont Report, which of the following two principles were added in the principles put forth by the American Psychological Association?

The principles of integrity and fidelity/responsibility

As a psychologist who primarily does research, you are most concerned with which APA standard of ethics?

8

Which of the following studies would probably require written informed consent?

A confidential study examining income level and voting behavior.

You submit a study for approval by the institutional review board (IRB), and they tell you that written informed consent is required. Which of the following can be excluded from your informed consent document?

A description of the study's hypotheses

Imagine that you are a clinical psychologist and you volunteer your time at a local prison where you counsel several inmates. Because of your connections at the prison, you are considering using prisoners as participants for your research study. The institutional review board (IRB) committee that reviews your study must have which of the following as a member?

A prisoner advocate

Imagine that you are a clinical psychologist and you volunteer your time at a local prison where you counsel several inmates. Because of your connections at the prison, you are considering using prisoners as participants for your research study. Why is this choice potentially problematic?

According to the Belmont Report, prisoners are entitled to special protection.

Which of the following has been used as a defense of animal research by animal researchers?

Animal research has resulted in many benefits to both animals and humans.

What is the difference between data that is collected anonymously and data that is collected confidentially?

Confidential research collects participants' names but separates them from the data; anonymous research does not collect participants' names.

Upon receiving institutional review board (IRB) approval, you ask a colleague to conduct the data collection for your study. However, your colleague does not collect any data and instead provides you with invented results that support your hypothesis. This is known as which of the following?

Data fabrication

You plan to tell your participants that the reason you are waking them up during the night is to recalibrate the EEG machine. This would be an example of which of the following?

Deception through commission

Which of the following ethical violations did NOT occur in the Tuskegee Study?

Participants in the study were given/infected with the disease.

You are planning to use deception in your study and you are thinking about a debriefing session. Which of the following is true of the debriefing?

Participants must be told the reasons for the deception.

In Milgram's (1963) experiments on obedience to authority, participants were led to believe that they were shocking a "learner" in another room each time the learner made an error. What was the main risk to participants in Milgram's study?

Psychological distress

To address the Belmont Report's principle of beneficence, you would need to ask which of the following questions?

What can I do to decrease the potential harm experienced by my participants?

You are deciding whether you need to give participants a reason for waking them up several times during the night. You know that you cannot tell them the real reason for waking them up because that will compromise your study. But you are unsure whether you should deceive them (give them a false reason why you are waking them up) or provide them with no cover story at all. Which of the following issues should be considered most heavily when deciding whether to use deception?

Whether you can conduct the study just as well without deception.

Which of the following is true regarding obtaining informed consent for your study?

You need to obtain informed consent because there is risk associated with your study.