Chapter 02: Homeostasis, Allostasis, and Adaptive Responses to Stressors

Persistence of the alarm stage will ultimately result in a. stress reduction. b. permanent damage and death. c. movement into the resistance stage. d. exhaustion of the sympathetic nervous system.

B

All the following stress-induced hormones increase blood glucose except a. aldosterone. b. cortisol. c. norepinephrine. d. epinephrine.

A

Selye's three phases of the stress response include all the following except a. allostasis. b. resistance. c. alarm. d. exhaustion.

A

The effects of excessive cortisol production include a. immune suppression. b. hypoglycemia. c. anorexia. d. inflammatory reactions.

A

The effect of stress on the immune system a.is unknown. b.has been demonstrated to be non-existent in studies. c.most often involves enhancement of the immune system. d.may involve enhancement or impairment the immune system.

D

Many of the responses to stress are attributed to activation of the sympathetic nervous system and are mediated by a. norepinephrine. b. cortisol. c. glucagon. d. ACTH.

A

The primary adaptive purpose of the substances produced in the alarm stage is a. energy and repair. b. invoke resting state. c. produce exhaustion. d. set a new baseline steady-state.

A

Chronic activation of stress hormones can lead to (Select all that apply.) a. cardiovascular disease. b. depression. c. impaired cognitive function. d. autoimmune disease. e. overactive immune function.

A B C D

Events which occur during the alarm stage of the stress response include secretion of (Select all that apply.) a. catecholamines. b. ACTH. c. glucocorticoids. d. immune cytokines. e. TSH.

A B C D

Aldosterone may increase during stress, leading to (Select all that apply.) a. decreased urinary output b. increased blood potassium. c. increased sodium retention. d. increased blood volume. e. decreased blood pressure.

A C D

Allostasis is best defined as A. steady-state. B. a state of equilibrium, of balance within the organism. C. the process by which the body heals following disease. D. the overall process of adaptive change necessary to maintain survival and well-being.

D

Indicators that an individual is experiencing high stress include all the following except a.tachycardia. b. diaphoresis. c. increased peripheral resistance. d. pupil constriction.

D

Which is not normally secreted in response to stress? a. Norepinephrine b. Cortisol c. Epinephrine d. Insulin

D