Chapter 05: Cochlear Physiology Quiz

Hair Cells have a particular _____ frequency to which they react. (check all that apply) A. Vibrating. B. Resonating. C. Attenuating. D. Occluding.

A,B

Lower frequencies create a maximum amplitude near the _____ of the cochlea. A. Apex. B. Base. C. Midpoint D. At the round window.

A. Apex.

During hyperpolarization, a protein changes its shape in proportion to the OHC's voltage changes (CL-), causing the OHC to elongate. A. True. B. False.

A. True

By themselves, the stereocilia also amplify sound. A. True. B. False.

A. True.

Each IHC is connected to a single dendrite, an afferent nerve fiber ending. A. True. B. False.

A. True.

OHC movement, elongation and contraction, stems from depolarization and polarization. A. True. B. False.

A. True.

Perilymph waves are created at the oval window via ossicular action. A. True. B. False.

A. True.

Since this cycle alternates and results from an electrical potential, it can be measured as an alternating current. A. True. B. False.

A. True.

The basilar membrane separates the cochlear duct from the scala tympani. A. True. B. False.

A. True.

The cation Calcium++ activates Glutamate from the vesicles at the base of the IHC. A. True. B. False.

A. True.

The depolarization of IHCs activates afferent nerve fibers. A. True. B. False.

A. True.

The hair cell bodies move with the basilar membrane. A. True. B. False.

A. True.

The tips of the stereocilia are linked to each other. A. True. B. False.

A. True.

What drives the K+ into the cells is the electrical gradient of 120 to 140 mV. A. True. B. False.

A. True.

When the motors (myosin motors) adjust the links' tension, an oscillation of the stereocilia occurs. A. True. B. False.

A. True.

OHCs are _____. (check all that apply) A. Flask like. B. Long, thin cylinders. C. Fequency specific. D. Driven by Cl- concentrations in their cells. E. Capable of adding 5% to their length.

B,C,D,E

Higher frequencies of stimuli create maximum amplitude in basilar motion near the _____ of the cochlea. (check all that apply) A. Apex. B. Base. C. Midpoint. D. Near the round window. E. Nearer to the oval window.

B. Base. & E. Nearer to the oval window.

When the tallest stereocilium moves back to the resting position, the smaller stereocilia settle back into their resting position, causing the gates (channels) to _____. A. Open. B. Close. C. Neither.

B. Close.

Glutamate binds the efferent nerve terminals that sends the signal to the brain. A. True. B. False.

B. False.

OHCs are heavily ennervated by afferent nerve fibers. A. True. B. False.

B. False.

The depolarization of OHCs is identical to that of IHCs. A. True. B. False.

B. False.

The tectorial membrane and endolymph move along with the basilar membrane. A. True. B. False.

B. False.

The volume of OHCs change when they contract laterally and expand in length. A. True. B. False.

B. False.

The sterocilia are surrounded by mobile/immobile components of the Organ of Corti. A. Mobile. B. Immobile.

B. Immobile.

Which hair cells are attached to the tectorial membrane? A. Inner. B. Outer. C. Both.

B. Outer.

The scala vestibuli has a potential of 5 mV with respect to the _____. A. Scala media. B. Scala tympani.

B. Scala tympani.

Wave action of the basilar membrane causes _____. A. Up and down action which pushes sterocilia through the basilar membrane. B. Shearing of the hair cells which bend the stereocilia.

B. Shearing of the hair cells which bend the stereocilia.

Hair cells are topped with _____. A. Filaments. B. Stereocilia. C. Hair like ligaments.

B. Stereocilia.

Hair cells are topped with _____. A. Filaments. B. Stereocilia. C. Hair like ligaments.

B. Stereocilia.

The flow of electrolytes from the endolymph to the stria vascularis is what type of flow? (check all that apply) A. Circular. B. Oblong. C. Radial. D. Electrolytic. E. Called the Sodium Potassium pump.

C, D, E

The wave displaces the _____. A. Spiral ligament. B. Tectorial membrane. C. Basilar membrane.

C. Basilar membrane.

The base of IHCs contain vesicles full of _____. A. K+. B. Na+. C. Ca++.

C. Ca++.

The influx of K+ ions result in a _____ of the hair cell. A. Neutralization. B. Hyperpolarization. C. Depolarization.

C. Depolarization.

The basilar membrane motion's frequency is _____ to the frequency of the sound. A. Close to. B. Similar to. C. Directly related to. D. Not relevant to.

C. Directly related to.

Since the Volt is the unit for power, the endocochlear potential serves as the _____ for the transduction process in the cochlea. A. Minor contributor. B. Major contributor. C. Driving force.

C. Driving force.

IHCs act as motor receptors. A. True. B. False. C. False. They act as sensory receptors.

C. False. They act as sensory receptors.

When the stereocilia are moved in the opposite direction, the gates then close, thus causing a _____ which results from stopping the flow of K+. A. Depolarization. B. Neutralizatio. C. Hyperpolarization.

C. Hyperpolarization.

Endolymph is similar to: A. Cerebral spinal fluid. B. Plasma. C. Intracellular fluids. D. Lymph.

C. Intracellular fluids.

As IHC depolarization occurs, K+ _____ the cell and _____ enters the cell. A. Enters, Na+. B. Enters, C. C. Leaves, Ca++

C. Leaves, Ca++

The OHC can change it's length, which is due to its _____. A. Motility. B. Intracellular properties. C. Motor properties. D. Attachment to the tectorial membrane.

C. Motor properties.

When bending of the tall stereocilum pulls adjacent cilia toward it, the channels for the flow of K+ _____. A. Close. B. Don't move. C. Open.

C. Open.

The wave travels along the basilar membrane until it reaches the point of maximum sensitivity to that specific frequency. At that point, it _____. A. Dies down. B. Smooths out. C. Peaks instantly then dies down immediately. D. Washes ashore...

C. Peaks instantly then dies down immediately.

During depolarization, a protein changes its shape in proportion to the OHC\'s voltage changes (CL-), causing the OHC to shorten and thicken. This protein is _____ and is termed a _____. A. Chlorate, stiffner. B. Prestane, relaxer. C. Prestin, motor protein. D. Adenosine triphosphate, motor protein.

C. Prestin, motor protein.

The wave action originates in the _____. A. Scala media. B. Cochlear duct. C. Scala vestibuli. D. Scala tectorum. E. Scala tympani.

C. Scala vestibuli.

Hair cells have a resting Voltage potential of _____ mV. A. 80. B. 0. C. -20. D. -40 to -80. E. -120.

D. -40 to -80.

The scala tympani lies _____ the cochlear duct and terminates at the _____ window. A. Below, round. B. Above, round. C. Below, oval. D. Above, oval.

D. Above, oval.

OHCs _____ the acoustic signal. A. Moderate. B. Minimize. C. Attenuate. D. Amplify.

D. Amplify.

The complete cycle of stereociliar motion causes a cycle of: A. Sound amplification. B. Wave smoothing. C. Noise buffering. D. Depolarization and Hyperpolarization.

D. Depolarization and Hyperpolarization.

The Organ of Corti is powered by the: A. Endocochlear potential. B. Endocochlear potential between the perilymph and CSF. C. Endocochlear potential between the perilymph and cytoplasm. D. Endocochlear potential between the perilymph and endolymph.

D. Endocochlear potential between the perilymph and endolymph.

The cochlear duct contains: A. Perilymph. B. Ectoplasm. C. Plasma. D. Endolymph.

D. Endolymph.

The specific point at which the basilar wave reaches its maximum peak, or amplitude, is specifically, uniformly based on the _____ of the stimulus. A. Amplitude. B. Intensity. C. Complexity. D. Frequency. E. None of the above.

D. Frequency.

Endolymph is high in the positive elecrolyte(s): A. K+ (Potassium) and Na+ (Sodium). B. Ca++ (Calcium) and Na+ (Sodium). C. Ca++ only. D. K+ only. E. Na+ only.

D. K+ only.

As Na+ is pumped from the Spiral ligament through the basal cilia and the marginal cells back to the perilymph, _____ is pumped from the perilymph to the endolymph. A. Ca++. B. Co+. C. Elemental Carbon. D. K+.

D. K+.

Glutamate is a _____. A. Supporting element. B. Vesicular component. C. Dendritic cell component. D. Neurotransmitter found throughout the body.

D. Neurotransmitter found throughout the body.

This wave action also 'displaces' the _____. A. Tectorial membrane. B. Inner hair cells. C. Organ of Dieter. D. Organ of Corti.

D. Organ of Corti.

Hair cells reside in _____ but the stereocilia are bathed in _____. A. endolymph, perilymph. B. Perilymph, CSF. C. Perilymph, Intracellular fluid. D. Perilymph, endolymph.

D. Perilymph, endolymph.

The wave action which bends the cilia toward the _____ row of the cilia _____ the channel (gate) into which K+ ions enter the cells from the endolymph. A. Shortest, closing. B. Shortest, opening. C. Tallest, closing. D. Tallest, opening.

D. Tallest, opening.

The potential difference at the apical membrane of the hair cells is, then, _____. A. 40 mV. B. 20 mV. C. 60 mV. D. 100 mV. E. 120 - 140 mV.

E. 120 - 140 mV.

The scala media (cochlear duct) has a potential of _____ . A. 5 mV. B. 10 mV. C. 50 mV. D. 70 mV. E. 80 mV

E. 80 mV

In the hearing organ, _____% of the afferent nerve terminals synapse on IHCs, transmitting sensory signals. A. 5. B. 25. C. 50. D. 75. E. 95. F. None of the above.

E. 95

This action _____ the basilar membrane. A. Restricts. B. Follows. C. Sends a message to the IHC. D. Magnifies the IHC response. E. Augments the basilar membrane 'amplitude.'

E. Augments the basilar membrane 'amplitude.'

The scala tympani and scala vestibuli converge at an opening called the: A. Round window. B. Oval window. C. Saccule. D. Utricle. E. Helicotrema.

E. Helicotrema.

Perilymph is high in _____ and low in _____. A. K=, Na+. B. Mn+, Ca++. C. Na+, Ca++. D. Na+, C. E. Na+, K+.

E. Na+, K+

_____ separates the cochlear duct from the scala vestibuli. A. Spiral vascularis. B. Basilar membrane. C. Dieter's Cells. D. Tectorial membrane. E. Reissner's membrane.

E. Reissner's membrane.

The cochlea is shaped like: (check all that apply) A. A long tube filled with liquid. B. A coiled tube with three components. C. A snail.

all