CHAPTER 08
44. The emotional tone or atmosphere members create within the group is called A. normative behavior. B. supportiveness. C. cohesiveness. D. group climate.
D
38. Group member roles can be classified by their function. Which of the following is NOT one of the three classifications? A. Task B. Maintenance C. Self-centered D. Routine
D
54. Which item below is NOT one of the methods Chapter 8 lists for resolving conflicts in small groups? A. Collaboration B. Compromise C. Accommodation D. Classification
D
22. Which of the following is the best illustration of a prominent cultural marker? A. The bosses all have offices with windows on the top floor, while the workers have windowless cubicles. B. The employees are not allowed to talk about why the previous boss was fired. C. The employees have all heard the story about when the boss came all the way down to discipline a secretary who had not answered his phone call. D. The employees have decided that they prefer face-to-face communication over e-mail or texting.
A
24. According to Chapter 8, which method would best help you find out about an organization's treatment ofwomen and their prospects for promotion? A. Ask a woman who has worked in the organization. B. Read the organization's mission statement. C. Ask a male executive. D. Listen in on the gossip in the break room.
A
29. Organizational charts tend to show all of the following communication flows EXCEPT A. diagonal communication. B. downward communication. C. upward communication. D. horizontal communication.
A
31. Informal networks—for example, the company "grapevine"—are often A. 80-90% accurate. B. 50% accurate. C. 20% accurate. D. highly inaccurate.
A
33. The boss's son graduates from college and is placed in charge of the vice presidents in the company, who together work as a small group. The boss's son is a(n) __________ leader. A. designated B. emergent C. democratic D. authoritarian
A
35. Eight women get together on Wednesdays at noon to discuss anything they wish. This type of group is called a(n) A. relationship-oriented group. B. task-oriented group. C. assigned group. D. support group.
A
40. Which type of small-group function includes blocking, withdrawing, and recognition seeking? A. Self-centered B. Task C. Maintenance D. Routine
A
42. A group that regards its decisions as invulnerable, that believes everyone in the group is in total agreement, and that disregards any alternative solutions is likely experiencing A. groupthink. B. normative behavior. C. cohesion. D. interdependence.
A
46. Problem orientation, spontaneity, and provisionalism are all examples of A. supportive behaviors. B. defensive behaviors. C. normative behaviors. D. groupthink.
A
48. Many work and school groups now include members for whom English is a second language. Which of the following statements about such groups is supported by research? A. Cohesiveness is not compromised as long as individuals interact actively. B. Members tend to become impatient with each other, and cohesion breaks down. C. Most English-as-a-second-language members become withdrawn, and major decisions are made without them. D. Multiple-language groups make superior decisions compared with single-language groups.
A
52. Chapter 8 uses the term __________ to describe a feeling of psychological closeness among members of a group. A. immediacy B. sympathy C. emergent power D. group climate
A
23. You are trying to understand the culture of an organization, so you approach several people and say, "Who in the organization is often discussed as a hero or role model?" With this question, you are trying to understand the organization's A. symbols and artifacts. B. language use and storytelling. C. established rituals and routines. D. prominent cultural markers.
B
26. Which term below best describes the approach of an organization that has a very thick manual revealing pages of rules, regulations, requirements, prohibitions, and expectations? A. Stratification B. Formalization C. Differentiation D. Specialization
B
27. What term best describes the role of the auto assembly worker whose sole job is to put on the wheel bolts and the fast-food employee whose sole task is to produce hamburgers? A. Formalization B. Specialization C. Organization D. Hierarchy
B
30. If you're hired by an organization that intentionally avoids placing employees in highly differentiated and specialized roles, you will see what it's like to work in a setting following a model of A. cohesiveness. B. strategic ambiguity. C. upward communication. D. horizontal communication.
B
34. When you form a study group with friends to prepare for an exam, that is a(n) __________ small group. A. assigned B. emergent C. democratic D. designated
B
36. Which item below is NOT an example of how norms function in a small group? A. The group draws up a contract explicitly stating expectations for group participation. B. The company requires the group to meet at 8:00 a.m. on Mondays. C. The team expects members to share responsibility as well as credit for their accomplishments. D. Individuals who do not regularly contribute to the group must explain why.
B
37. Another term for formal role in small-group communication is __________ role. A. behavioral B. positional C. normative D. emergent
B
41. Which quotation below is the best example of gatekeeping? A. "I think we need to stop now and take a vote." B. "I'm still concerned that Maria has not had a chance to speak." C. "Let's look at the list of tasks we still need to complete." D. "This argument has taken enough of my time; I'm out of here."
B
43. The individual players were not high draft choices, but they made up for their second-place ratings with such strong cooperation and caring that they turned out to be champions. The characteristic exhibited by this team is A. groupthink. B. cohesiveness. C. normative behavior. D. strategic ambiguity.
B
47. Which item below accurately represents the first three steps in small-group problem solving? A. Brainstorm, establish criteria for acceptable solutions, evaluate alternatives B. Establish criteria for acceptable solutions, brainstorm, evaluate alternatives C. Brainstorm, establish criteria for acceptable solutions, evaluate outcomes D. Establish criteria for acceptable solutions, evaluate alternatives, brainstorm
B
50. When followers endorse a leader out of respect and admiration—as is the case with many religious leaders—they are responding to the leader's __________ power. A. emergent B. referent C. expert D. reward
B
21. Which item below is the best example of an organizational ritual or routine? A. The group comes to accept the new chief executive officer (CEO) as the boss of the organization. B. The members of the group all use the same jargon when describing their product. C. The organization has a weekly casual lunch get-together called "soup Wednesday." D. The members of the group decide that e-mail is the best way for them to communicate.
C
39. The leader of the small group says, "Emily, you have been very quiet but thoughtful about this issue. Can you tell us what you think?" The leader is fulfilling which function? A. Self-centered B. Routine C. Maintenance D. Behavioral
C
45. Which of the following is a defensive statement? A. "I agree with Juan, and I have an example of how it might work." B. "I think that we pretty much agree that we should proceed." C. "This plan will never work. We'd be better off doing nothing." D. "I like the idea of completing our task today, but is anyone else as tired as I am?"
C
49. In the list below, which represents a leadership function? A. The person makes sure that employees show up on time, work throughout their shifts, and check out on time. B. The person meets often with others on the work team to ensure harmony in the workplace. C. The person envisions a new method of product development and promotes it throughout the company. D. The person takes responsibility for payroll, taxes, and inventory.
C
51. Which type of leader takes the most hands-off approach? A. Democratic B. Autocratic C. Laissez-faire D. Sympathetic
C
53. According to Chapter 8, listening without judging, validating the feelings of others, providing informative and relational messages, and maintaining confidentiality are all qualities of A. intimacy. B. immediacy. C. supportiveness. D. group maintenance.
C
55. Which instance is an example of quid pro quo sexual harassment? A. Jasper repeatedly calls Jill sweetie and cutie. B. Juanita's boss has a large photo of a female nude behind his office door. C. Fred offers a positive merit review if Sara will go out with him. D. Sabrina consistently undermines the work of the men she supervises.
C
25. In Organization X, the CEO supervises the vice presidents, who in turn supervise the division chairs, who are in charge of the line workers in the plant. This organization illustrates A. interdependence. B. maintenance functions. C. a military approach. D. a hierarchy.
D
28. Which of the following metaphors is NOT commonly used to describe an organization? A. A family in which everyone cares for each other B. A well-oiled machine with all the moving parts operating together C. An organism, a living being that constantly needs customers to sustain its life D. A beehive with the queen doing little and the workers doing much
D
32. Which of the following is NOT a requirement of a well-functioning small group? A. Interdependence B. Interaction C. Task functions D. Consensus
D
12. The process of using communication to maintain structure, order, harmony, and the efficacy of procedures and practices is known as leadership.
FALSE
13. The first step in an effective decision-making process is brainstorming because a group can't make decisions without numerous ideas on the table.
FALSE
16. Most groups prefer laissez-faire leaders because they offer the most structure to group members.
FALSE
20. The best way to resolve conflict is to avoid mentioning it. Suppressing the disagreement and going on to new topics will probably save the situation.
FALSE
3. Differentiation and specialization increase uncertainty in an organization.
FALSE
4. A convenience store is owned by two brothers, and they employ many family members. This is probably a strongly hierarchical organization.
FALSE
6. An organization in which all information comes from "corporate" and is disseminated among supervisors and then among the employees is using upward communication.
FALSE
7. Saying that a group cannot achieve its goals without its members working together highlights the importance of group independence.
FALSE
8. You are assigned to a team at your place of employment and asked to develop new guidelines for use of social media to promote business. This is an emergent group.
FALSE
9. Paula is the class clown—always coming up with some sarcastic, witty, or unexpected comment. Her behavior can be referred to as a formal role.
FALSE
1. Imagine that you are seeking a job after graduation with a large information technology firm. You are not sure if this firm is a good fit for you. During your visit, you notice the language that employees use and the stories they tell. This is a valuable source of information for you in evaluating the firm.
TRUE
10. You are enrolled in one class in which people arrive late, leave early, and go to the restroom in the middle of the class. The instructor regularly places you in work groups, but these groups frequently take breaks to socialize. In another class, the teacher won't admit people who are tardy, does not allow anyone to leave once class begins, and does not dismiss the class until the full period is completed. He lectures during the entire class period and discourages any interaction among students. The differences between the two classrooms relate to norms established by the teachers.
TRUE
11. In a small group at school, you spend some of your meeting time to discuss a member who is not doing her fair share of the work. This discussion is achieving a group maintenance function.
TRUE
14. If you are in a work group in one of your classes and the professor appoints you as the leader, you are a designated leader.
TRUE
15. Four types of power were discussed in Chapter 8. They include reward power, punishment power, expert power, and legitimate power.
TRUE
17. When you listen with empathy, you are engaged in supportive communication.
TRUE
18. The president of the United States is considered a leader, while the White House chief of staff is considered a manager.
TRUE
19. Your co-worker can be said to have expert power because she knows more about software development than any other person in your department.
TRUE
2. When interviewing for a position, you learn that employees in this company set their own hours and that many work at night; others begin at 10 or 11 a.m., and still others start at 5 a.m. Generally the supervisors allow their employees to set their own goals and priorities. These policies and practices represent aspects of the organizational culture.
TRUE
5. If you worked in a fast-food restaurant while attending high school or college, you probably experienced a high degree of differentiation and specialization of tasks.
TRUE