chapter 1-30

relationship of innate and educated intelligence

!n the diagram above, your Innate Intelligence functions through the innate Brain. Your Innate Brain is where mental impulse are created and direct onward toward your body. While you have (innately controlled) nvoluntary functions and (educated) voluntary functions, all of your body is considered Innate Body. Your body's tissue cells all require the superconscious attention supplied through the Innate Brain, regardless of whether they also have voluntary (educated) functions or not. To make this easier to understand the diagram below has substituted terms according to unique qualities of the segments of the original drawing on the previous page. Innate Intelligence creates mental impulses in the Innate Brain. • From the Innate Brain, mental impulses are delivered for Innate Functions. • For conscious actions, Innate Intelligence accesses the stored educated intelligence of the educated brain to amend mental impulses for use in voluntary functions. • Those mental impulses are sent to the tissues to cause voluntary function. Certain functions are voluntary, meaning consciously controlled. The educated brain receives impressions through the five senses and gains knowledge by reason. If you were taught survival techniques for the wilderness, your educated intelligence would interpret the visual and auditory information, place judgment upon the value and accuracy of the data and then store it for reference. Interpretations placed upon these impressions are based upon prior knowledge and experience. If you were lost in the wilderness, the experiences that make up your educated intelligence would be used to build shelter, light a fire, and find food.

chapter 14

"A living organism has signs of life, which is evidence that it is under the care of intelligence; evidence of special care." —R.W. Stephenson, DC, PhC As a Chiropractor, you recognize that all living things have an Innate Intelligence that provides direction for active organization. This Innate Intelligence is deduced clinically from the presence of the signs of life. You receive indications of life in your patients through your senses of external observation. You will observe commonalities between individuals. You are cautioned to remember, the presence of signs of life are identified through your limited perception of them through those senses. Your interaction with a patient depends upon the limits of sight, sound, smell, taste and touch. It will never be possible with such perceptions to fully comprehend all aspects of human existence. Things are not always as they are first perceived. Seeds entombed for many centuries in the various areas of the world have been discovered during explorations. They did not exhibit perceptible signs of life, yet grew when planted. Lupine seeds found in a peat bog in Canada were over 10,000 years old, while Indian lotus seeds have been known to be viable after 1,000 years °f latent existence.57 The signs of life expressed by these seeds were so Perceptibly latent that they were assumed to be dead.

art 2 chiropractic definition

"Chiropractic is a philosophy, science and art of things natural; a system of adjusting the segments of the spinal column by hand only, for the correction o f the cause of dis-ease." 1

jh tilden

"Disease is governed by as much order as health; that is why it should be understood, so that a proper adjustment can be made. " Each person coming to you for care has reasons for seeking Chiropractic. Regardless of the reason, you must have in place a logical way to analyze each case. Your goal is to remove the Chiropractic obstruction to health— the vertebral subluxation. It is our philosophy that provides the guide to measure for the presence or absence of the vertebral subluxation. You have previously seen the vertebral subluxation as including the misalignment of contiguous spinal segments, occlusion of foramina, deformation of neurologic structure and therefore functional interference to the flow of mental impulses. How is it that you will determine that such a state exists?

jh tilden md

"Health is the normal state of the body, and all the body's energies are directed to its maintenance. "—

chapter 26

"I 'll tell you what you need to be a great scientist. You don't have to be able to understand very complicated things. It's just the opposite. You have to be able to see what looks like the most complicated thing in the world and, in a flash, find the underlying simplicity." — Mitchell Wilson, famed physicist

R.W. stephenson

"It is the story of what happens between the special sense organ and the brain cell and back again to the periphery.

chapter 27

"No other study fills and satisfies the soul like the study of itself No other science presents an object to be compared in dignity, in absolute or relative value, to that which human consciousness furnishes to its own contemplation. " Francis Bowen (Alford Chair of Philosophy— Harvard University)

no.1 the major primise

A Universal Intelligence is in all matter and continually gives to it all its properties and actions, thus maintaining it in existence.

the cause of scoliosis

A patient of yours has a 14x36 spinograph illustrating a severe scoliosis. As a matter of observation you find several vertebrae have a wedged appearance throughout the scoliosis. It may be decided that the wedged vertebrae were the cause of the scoliosis. But we know that there are well- documented phenomena, such as Huetter-Volkmann, that detail how these vertebrae often become wedged in an adaptive effort of the body to compensate for the curvature. 4 Again, you cannot make a causal relationship between the wedged vertebrae and the scoliosis. They may merely appear as a secondary effect.

survival values

A survival value is a record of how your body responds to each opportunity for adaptation. If your body successfully adapts to a measles virus, it is considered a constructive survival value. If an adaptation attempt falters or fails, a destructive survival value is noted. Accumulative survival values are the sum total balance of successful and unsuccessful adaptations throughout one's life. Each successful adaptive encounter adds to the survival value, while an unsuccessful adaptation takes away from it. If you received a bum from spilling boiling water on yourself, it can not be fully adapted and your body suffers a destructive survival value. In the same manner soldiers in battle are often exposed to great psychological stresses. The failed adaptation is widely known as "posttraumatic stress disorder". This is yet another example of destructive survival values. If a drug has a damaging effect upon the structure of genetic material, the cascading effect may be seen for generations until further adaptations can be made to reverse the evolutionary setback. On the other hand, successfully defending yourself from internal and external environmental stresses leads to constructive survival values. You are constantly under pressure of stresses in the form of bacteria and other environmental particles. Generally, these issues are dealt with successfully to the point where you are not even consciously aware of these continual efforts. If your patient has measles, the successful adaptation leads to a natural immunity from further insult in the future. This is considered an example of a constructive survival value. Though accumulative survival values are not inherited, the net result of Positive and negative survival values plays a role on the quality of inherited genetic material used in the formation of the future iterations.

adaptability

Adaptability is the intellectual ability that an organism possesses of responding to all forces that come to it, whether Innate or Universal. hat does that mean whether Innate forces or Universal forces? Chiropractor as Provider of a Universal Force You would commonly consider adaptability to universal forces of temperature and sunlight, for example. The Chiropractic adjustic thrust is a universal force as well and must be adapted by your patient's body in order to correct the vertebral subluxation. If the force provided is not specific enough to be used, the patient's body will be unable to adapt your provided adjustic force and the vertebral subluxation is not corrected. In such a case the adjustment has not been made. Any force that is unable to be adapted by the body may cause trauma. This emphasizes the importance of specificity in delivering Chiropractic care to your patients.

the only reason for time is so that everything does not happen once

Albert Einstein.

the incoordination of vertebral subluxation

All departure from health is a form of incoordination in the tissue cells of the body. You w ill deduce that because the spinal column integrity is necessary for proper neurologic function, a disrelationship of the spinal vertebrae will have a detrimental effect upon the individual's ability to function at his/her optimum level. This by definition would be incoordinate activity or function. As seen in the List of 33 Principles, the particular type of incoordination due to neurological detriment caused specifically by a vertebral subluxation is designated dis-ease. This is a purely Chiropractic term used to differentiate the vertebral subluxation causation of incoordination from any other means by which incoordination might occur.

nutritive

All tissue cells assimilate nutrients for their own use, but not as a Primary Function. Specialized cells and tissues whose Primary Function is to aid in the process of preparing food materials for assimilation are considered nutritive. These would include various types of glandular cells that produce secretions for chemical breakdown and accelerate the movement of food matter. The vascular system delivers this nourishment for assimilation and as such also plays a role in nutritive function. Salivary glands, pancreatic tissues, acid-producing chief and parietal cdls of the stomach lining— many other tissues in addition to these named play pivotal roles in this process. A ll components from the teeth that tear the food into a manageable size to the amylase and protease Producing organs of the digestive tract are considered here. CASES: Gerald H. was 46-year-old male patient had been medically diagnosed with hyperchlorohydria, or high levels °f stomach acid. After a Chiropractic analysis was performed, a vertebral subluxation was identified and subsequently adjusted. That night he was able to sleep without propping himself up in a slanted position and within a single day every symptom previously noted had vanished. What amazed this patient was the speed at which his body set to work to repair the damaged tissues once an interference was removed.

sensory

All tissue cells have a general sensory function. Such information is drawn to the brain cell continuously to offer status of cellular junction. Cells with specialized ability in sensory processes are those recognized as having true sensory function. These tissues report information concerning the external environment and are considered special sense cells. The function of these nerve cells is highly specialized for the specific task of reporting information of the exteroceptive variety. They are the tissues for which the special sense cycles offer description. In Chapter 30 you will examine the clinical utility of these cycles. These organs of hearing, taste, olfaction, vision, and touch, report on stimuli from the external environment. While tissues such as baroceptors and those that measure blood oxygen levels would be examples of those internal or interoceptive tissues of sensory function. Everything from blindness to paresthesias to dizziness may result from incoordinate sensory activity. CASE STUDY: In the early 1940's a young man graduated from the Chicago School for the Blind. He holds the distinction of being the school's only graduate to drive home from graduation. During his high school career his family decided to take the blind young man to a Chiropractor in Morton, 111. Dr. A1 Homer performed a Chiropractic analysis and delivered to the young man his first adjustment. In a short time he could see as well as any other young high school student.70 This young man later enrolled in the Palmer School and graduated in 1948. Three members of his family also became Chiropractors, all made possible by this young man having restoration from I diminished sensory function caused by a vertebral

effects upon the neuromere and its supply

Along with the effects in the vertemere, the vertebral subluxation mentioned above has also caused interference to the flow of mental impulses to the neuromere. The neuromere is the path that an emerging spinal nerve takes throughout its course. Your nerve system extends throughout your body to reach the most distal cells and provides a conduit for the flow of mental impulses. This is the initiation of the vertebral subluxation complex. You will recall that the vertebral subluxation complex is not only the vertebral subluxation, but also the consequences from the nerve interference that occur in the tissue cells that it supplies. The tissue cells of the neuromere receive the diminished flow of mental impulses. As in the vertemere, the physical personification resulting from the vertebral subluxation will be abnormal to the plans designed for the cells along the neuromere that are receiving the lessened flow of mental impulses. Similar to the vertemere cells, the abnormality will also be reflected in the expression of these tissue cells.

important characteristics of deduction

Always yields a true conclusion if premise is true. Conclusion is not new, but contained in the original premise. Facts do result from proper deduction.

economy of innate function

An Innate Intelligence works a plan of economic function. To provide energy for growth, assimilation of nutrients, reproduction, healing and so many various functions, there is no room for waste in the coordination in your body. In an operation of perfection such would not be logical. It may be observed how triage works in handling your patients' bodily functions. When a patient undergoes a prolonged illness it is not uncommon for hair and fingernail growth to slow dramatically. Once through their illness, they may notice horizontal ridging across the nail as it grows again.n This is due to the body tapping all available energy resources to focus upon a more vital function. This may also be seen in women who run or participate in quite vigorous and regular exercise.;2 Their menstrual cycles may stop during marathon training for a similar reason. your patients bodies will always opt for survival when pressed to the limits. A man spent well over a month in a cave with no food. his body digested his stored fat reserves first and then set upon breaking down proteins in his muscles to prevent his death. the economical system is one vital to our existence. innate intelligence promotes the function of triage, taking focus upon the most desperate needs first. reproduction and other non-vital functions will be set aside when resources are being depleted or overspent and not reimbursed.

organic matter

An additional level of organization is afforded to matter with its ability to intellectually adapt itself to some degree. A plant and a human child have a higher level of organization than a rock or a hydrogen atom. A plant may redirect its position to take advantage of the location o f the sun throughout the day. The child will coordinate motions of nursing upon birth to gain nutrients necessary for assimilation and growth. There is certainly a special level of existence present in this child not exhibited by a rock.

"In the confrontation between the stream and the rock, the stream always wins... not through strength, but through persistence."

Anonymous

vulnerability of the neural pathways

Any tissue cell is capable of deformation. The efferent and afferent nerves of these cycles are also tissue cells and susceptible to the weaknesses of matter. While these physical limitations of matter are understood, the intent is to explain the focus here is upon the Chiropractic concepts of vertebral subluxation. As you know from earlier study, the vertebral subluxation interferes with the flow of mental impulses. Mental impulses flow through the efferent side of the cycle and therefore our attention is on the effects of vertebral subluxation upon the efferent nerve.

faster than science

As Chiropractors, we acknowledge that there is far more to the communicative system within the body than can be expained using current scientific models of neurophysiology. The speed and variability of the function of our cells cannot be accounted for by mere theories of membrane potential, vesicle transport or other scientifically resolved means alone.84 This lack of explanation is widely acknowledged by leading researchers outside the Chiropractic profession noted neuroscientists refer to judgments placed upon incoming information to the brainstem using the term "weightings. This judging by the brainstem is an intellectual process and not one of mere reactive happenstance. Researchers in neurology, psychology and physics contend that the scientific reality of unexplained speed of information „ transfer in the nerve system. Some in these fields refer to an RHS system, "real human soul".86 While our philosophic contention in Chiropractic does not assign these characteristics using terminology reserved for religion, we too acknowledge the shortfalls of current scientific plausibility to explain our ability to function so quickly at a superconscious level. With very few exceptions, this key to the fourth component of vertebral subluxation is all but ignored by researchers in Chiropractic who claim to represent science. Meanwhile the rest of the allied health fields and the research community at large are trying to come to grips with the phenomena we describe as the mental impulse. Qualities ofthe MentalImpulse The purpose o f the mental impulse is to carry instructions for adaptive action from the brain cell to the tissue cell. In his text, R.W. Stephenson described the mental impulse as having several important characteristics that require further discussion: 1) The mental impulse is specific for a given moment in time. 2) The flow of mental impulses cannot be dammed back. 3) Interference to the flow of mental impulse is one of quantity, not quality.

preserving a profession

As Hudson's opening words suggest, the unique language of Chiropractic truly reflects your different vision of life as a Chiropractor. It provides tor the unique considerations you will have for your patient care. The slippery slope to medical assimilation awaits any health care profession that ignores the vital role that its distinct language plays in preserving its existence.2

cause of vertebral subluxation

As a Chiropractor you analyze the spine to determine the existence and character of the vertebral subluxation. D.D. Palmer described the causation of vertebral subluxation by a singular means— stress. He further subdivided stress into three categories—traumatism, toxine and autosuggestion. He theorized that the body reacts to each of these invasive forces to the best of its ability. When the resistive forces of the body are overcome by invasive forces, a vertebral subluxation may occur.

a Core concept

As a Chiropractor, it is a point of pride that you recognize and seek to define that which provides animation to the living body. Nonliving matter has no ability to defend itself against the battering of universal forces. The living body has distinct capabilities allowing it to put forth a defensive strategy in such circumstances. It is this capacity that will be the focus of your continued study and your aptitude in this subject will be a tremendous asset in your practice. For a concept to have tangible use for you in practice, it must be given clinical utility. In subsequent chapters you w ill begin to further characterize this term— Innate Intelligence.

Better get a yardstick!

As a measure of this we must revisit the previous chapter, "A List of 33 rincip es The purpose of intelligence is to create force as noted in rincip e . Principle 26 states that the forces o f Universal Intelligence are destructive in regards to structural matter. Further, Principle 11 makes several important points: the forces of Universal Intelligence are manifested by physical laws', are unswerving and unadapted, and have no solicitude for the structures in which they work. Given such attributes, is this a measure of function within moral law? If so, then a Universal Intelligence would be influenced in its actions towards matter by the moral behavior of matter. Abiding by a moral compass would find such an individual more favorably affected by the Universal Intelligence than another person who defies moral dictum in the worst possible fashion. There is no exception for moral consideration contained within the constructs of our principles. Quite to the contrary our principles specifically state that these forces of Universal Intelligence are governed by physical laws.

high cholesterol and heart attack

As another example, if a man has a higher than average cholesterol level and dies from a sudden heart attack, does this mean that the cause is the high cholesterol? It has been shown previously that roughly one-half of •• those having heart attacks did not have high cholesterol.33 We cannot make a causal relationship from the level o f cholesterol in this case.

data are obtained

As is the case with all tissue cells a vibration takes place from metabolistic and functional motion. This is not the same as mechanical motion. All matter has mechanical motion at the atomic level. This vibration mirrors activity of the vertemere cell from the functional perspective. This status information is needed to make proper alteration of future plans delivered to the tissue cells of the body. It is illogical for there not to be a requirement to have constant information in order to meet the needs for a specific cell in creating the appropriate mental impulse. An impression of vibration mirrors this functional state of the tissue cell. The impression of vibration is impressed upon the afferent nerve and through transmission is drawn to the brain cell. At this point the transmitted impression is received (reception) into the mental realm. The mental realm is the realm of thought, the immaterial realm of Innate Intelligence. Here the impressions o f vibration are "judged*' through the process of interpretation.

awareness of helpful force

As previously described, the vibrations are impressed upon the afferent pathway and drawn to the corresponding afferent brain cell. You will note that this refers to the deduction that the brain cell receiving this impression will not be the same one sending the corresponding mental impulse in answer to the needs of the tissue cell. The vertebral subluxation has affected the original vertemere cell s ability to receive the proper mental impulse flow and others must be coordinated in this action to remove the interference. The impressions are, as always, received into the mental realm where they are interpreted. When a judgment is made upon each of the individual impressions a sensation is brought forth. The sensation provides a Partial picture of the cell status and the totality of sensations together offers the completed ideation of the"helpful force" as judged by your Innate Intelligence. Your Innate Intelligence now fully comprehends the character of the force that has been applied to the vertemere and recognizes the most appropriate way to adapt the force for its use. The addition of an adaptable force, such as the adjustic thrust, to the vertemere is now known by Innate Intelligence.

How did it all start?

As students it is quite common to hear myths about the beginnings of Chiropractic more often than facts. Myths somehow are more captivating than simple truths. This is certainly the case in the early constructs of Chiropractic philosophy. Before D.D. Palmer considered giving Harvey Lillard, the owner of ajanitorial company in Davenport, that first fateful adjustic thrust he had already laid down the first five principles of his burgeoning philosophy.38 D.D. fully anticipated the product of Mr. Lillard's hearing being returned. Dr. Palmer understood the supremacy of the nerve system, and surmised that the displaced vertebra in question could interfere with the control o f the sense of hearing in Mr. Lillard's case. There was certainly nothing accidental in the application or the outcome.

Time travel is not an option.

As you begin to consider "time" it is important to note again that our study here is intended to examine the human experience as it relates to the clinical setting. You will certainly hear from the world of quantum physics that time is of a quality that will allow you to know as much about our future as you know about your past. Yet you do not truly have the ability to have equal knowledge of your personal past and future. Brian Greene, noted quantum physics author, was asked why this is actually not something that can be done? His answer was simple and to the point. He told the questioner that, "It's a theory." What he meant by this is that it is a mathematical theory and it is not considered tactual. This is not to say the world o f quantum physics has nothing to otter. It is merely to make the distinction that clinical application o f our philosophy is of utmost importance here. Quantum theories may one day hold answers to the questions we ask concerning clinical application of our Chiropractic philosophy. In the mean time, since sending a patient back in time to make different choices that influence his/her state of health is currently not an option, quantum theory will not be a focus in your consideration o f time. Consider the phrasing of this principle, there is no process that does not require time (Principle 6). The term process infers the passage of time in its inherent meaning. For any event to take place there is an increment of time that elapses. The Major Premise contains terms that are important to deduction of this sixth principle o f time. The specific use of the terms continually and maintaining make reference to the passage of time due to ongoing processes. Matter is not imbued with timeless properties and actions; it requires perpetual attention or it w ill cease to exist.

a common error to avoid

As you know from Chapter 24, the mental impulse is perfectly constructed for its purposes. If it were possible to have a diminished quality of the mental impulse due to the vertebral subluxation, it would factually no longer be a mental impulse, but an unadapted universal force. Through formal logic you see that the interference is purely one of quantity.

the links of life

As you know from previous study of Principle 4, absent of force to bind intelligence to matter, neither universal nor innate life could exist. The purpose of force therefore, is to provide the link between the material (matter) and the immaterial (intelligence) (Principle 10).

inorganic matter

As you know from study of earlier principles life has two distinct different classifications. All matter has universal life at the subatomic and atomic levels— no matter the molecular makeup. The classical definition of inorganic refers to matter deprived of intellectual adaptive ability to react to its environment. The rock discussed earlier has organization within its molecules, but it cannot react to the water flow that slowly wears it smooth and round.

source of Force

As you know from your study of the principles, the purpose of intelligence is to create force. As such, a Universal Intelligence creates universal forces that are largely detrimental to structural matter. They must be adapted if harm to the structure of the body is to be prevented. Such penetrative forces are not designed specifically for positive use by the body.

the function of innate intelligence

As you now know the purpose of Innate Intelligence is to build and maintain active organization in the body. But how does this occur? Through what function is this achieved? Innate Intelligence does this by transforming or adapting the unswerving universal forces for use in the body. Left to its own devices the matter of the body would be broken down by these forces, as would a corpse. Innate Intelligence creates constructive forces from the invasive forces of the universe. Create in our philosophic sense means to invest with new chat octet. A musician may create music by deliberate movements of her fingers along the flute to alter the path of air through the instrument. It is by investing the airflow with new character that harmonic tones are created. Constructive forces are not produced from "nothing" , they are adapted universal forces. Innate Intelligence arranges the universal forces provided into innate forces. These innate forces provide the communication o f organization not only to each tissue cell, but also coordinates functions of all the cells and tissues into harmony for the betterment o f the entire body. The function o f Innate Intelligence is to adapt universal forces and matter for use in the body, so that a ll parts o f the body w ill have coordinated action for mutual benefit. (Principle 23)

assimilation

Assimilation is the selective ability of an organism to take certain food materials into its body that are needed for growth and maintenance. This is not a random stockpiling of materials; it is an orderly function. It is under the direction of an Innate Intelligence. Cravings It should seem evident that cravings may be explained Chiropractically. Pregnant women have always been known to have unusual cravings. Why? A 34-year-old patient drinks pickle juice when she is pregnant. She skips right over the pickles. When she is not pregnant she does not even like pickles. Does it stand to reason that the acid-base balance of her body may be altered through pregnancy? Could it be that there is something in the pickle juice that is needed by her pregnant body? In discussion of the educated brain in Chapter 18, you will have some exposure to cravings of a more bizarre nature. Theories may attribute these two things from iron deficiencies to mental illness, but what explains cases where individuals make dietary decisions that are beneficial or life sustaining without knowing reasons why they would make such choices? "Yum...fish eyes...my favorite!"

is this cycle too simple

At first glance it is obvious that this cycle has detail to be desired, but it serves a purpose in its simplicity. It offers a basic philosophic consideration o f how inform ation travels between the brain cells and the tissue cells. It may be more accurate to consider a dump truck full of safety pins and the interrelationship between them instead of a single cycle. This of course would be an impossibility of complexity. The simple cycle serves the purpose of introducing the concept of cycles of function in the body. This cycle is also a basic tool for patient education. It is an understandable analogy patients can use to explain Chiropractic to their family and friends. It is only through a broad understanding of the principles o f health that paradigms can be changed.

why is time important.

At first glance you might think this principle is a simplistic statement of a given nature. This is a principle o f considerable clinical significance. The concept of time can be analyzed through a moment or through generations.

order of chaos continued

At one point the use of DDT was rampant as an insecticide. Unfortunately the rodents that fed upon the vegetation became laden with the toxin. Peregrine falcons are extremely fast-flying birds o f prey that fed upon these rodents. The shells o f the eggs laid by the falcons were made so fragile by the D D T that they would be crushed as the birds laid them. The species was nearly eliminated from the earth due to man's interruption into the food web.47 Such examples o f interwoven phenomena have forced the contemplation of the organizing influence behind their own existence. One can logically assume that order of such breadth and magnitude is dependent upon intelligence. The fact o f perceptible order in phenomena o f all types suggests that this order is universal in nature. For purposes of intellectual discourse in our profession, the term Universal Intelligence has been coined.

is this purely electrical?

At some point in your education you may have had a classroom course that included a laboratory experiment where you observed the contraction o f muscles o f a subject due to an application of electrical charge. the muscle twitch could be decreased or increased by varying the applied voltage. While this is a very simplistic model, it does have uses in gross theory. Is there more to this picture? Is the communication system this simplistic? Science is beginning many explorations to aid in answering these philosophic questions. Leaders of neural science research are investigating and finding little discussed pathways to bring clarity to gaps of knowledge. These include the interoceptive system, which defies stagnant scientific dogma and offers expansive neurological explanation for the constant knowledge o f status o f every tissue cell o f the body at every moment.80 It is a constant vigilant knowledge that predicates the perpetual flow o f regulative directives back to the tissue cells. The simultaneous coordination of nerve function in a cyclic manner continues to perplex scientists whose life work is to reduce adaptive function to a series of measurable electrical charges. For purposes of discussion Chiropractors use the term mental impulse to describe the unit of communication directed to the cells causing optimal expression of the tissue cell. One day science may be more fully able to quantify and explain the phenomena for which they now admittedly have incomplete answers. What seems apparent is that the coordinating forces ofInnate Intelligence operate through or over the nerve system in animal bodies. (Principle 28)

so that's chiropractic

At this point you should recognize the importance of having a definable profession, both legally and clinically. It is Chiropractic's philosophy that provides a clinical compass for all decision-making, as well as allowing the legal foundation for Chiropractic to exist as a separate and distinct profession. As the quote beginning this chapter suggests, a full knowledge is of paramount importance, and to resist clarity of truth is to knowingly choose ignorance. You have been provided with the consideration that went into the definition from Chiropractic from its authors. With this depth of understanding in defining Chiropractic the profession could surely work together in protecting the walls of the Chiropractic fortress from those who scratch at the gate

suggestive therapy vs autosuggestion

Autosuggestion is not to be confused with the separate topic of suggestive therapy. It is important to understand the distinction. Suggestive therapy is the tool of psychology. It is the implantation of thought into another individual. This represents the outside-in model of treatment of disease. The student is cautioned to be wary of this subject within the context of Chiropractic. This is not to say that suggestive therapy has no validity for the separate and distinct field of psychology, but to bring distinction to the role of the Chiropractor in the health of the patient. Chiropractic does not assume to know the needs, psychological or otherwise, required to direct end organ incoordination. The Chiropractor's role is to determine the presence and character of the vertebral subluxation and focus upon its removal.

great principles like great men are simple

Bj palmer

case study

CASE STUDY: Michael E., a ten-year-old came under Chiropractic care with his family. He had coincidentally been scheduled for surgery to correct an undescended right testicle. A single Chiropractic adjustment was given and before bedtime that night he rushed from the bathroom and excitedly told his parents, "It's here!" After restoration of proper communication of tonicity to the cremasteric musculature the tetany that held it from descending relaxed and his surgery never happened. CASE STUDY: Nicholas U. was a 6-year-old boy who suffered an unfortunate fate. He had been medically diagnosed with severe enuresis. His parents related that he had one or two dry nights per month. He was unable to stay overnight with friends due to the embarrassment and was very socially withdrawn. After a Chiropractic analysis the vertebral subluxation located and an adjustment given, he regained complete control of his bladder within two weeks. Within the bladder wall is the detrusor muscle. This muscle is parasympathetically controlled. A t the neck of the bladder are two sphincters. One is controlled consciously through somatic nerves. This means the sphincter is relaxed during sleep. The second is innately controlled through parasympathetic nerves. This second sphincter should function properly 24 hours per day, 7 days a week. If there is an interference to the communication controlling this sphincter, as soon as the child falls asleep, the bladder empties unobstructed by the sphincter. After removal of vertebral subluxation interference to the innate autonomic tone of the second sphincter, enuresis ceased, and in this young boy's case, his personal worth increased as well.

are there degrees of life?

Can there be a slight loss of intelligence, force or matter? Is this an all- or-nothing principle or can there be less resultant life by a diminished contribution of a single component? Is life possible in degrees? Due to the aforementioned triunity being necessary for life to exist, it can be deduced that any imperfection in any portion w ill not allow 100% life to be expressed. Since intelligence is perfect, the bonding force created by intelligence would be necessarily perfect as well. It is then deduced that in order to have 100% Life, there must be 100% Intelligence, 100% Force, 100% Matter (Principle 5). There is no possibility for reduced life to exist. It is 100% or it ceases to exist in its current form.

can you interfere with universal forces

Can universal forces be obstructed or impeded in their action towards matter? Consider the ultraviolet radiation of the sun's rays. If you were to lie on the beach relaxing and fell asleep for several hours, what would happen? The sun's rays would break down the integrity o f your skin to some degree. If you were to enjoy the beach while under the cover of a shade tree, a far different result would occur. That same universal force is needed by trees for photosynthesis to occur. The shade tree's branches and leaves prevent the transmission of the ultraviolet radiation from reaching your skin. The same principle would apply in altering the flow of water with a hydroelectric dam, x-ray beams by lead or rain by an umbrella. Electricity can be altered as well. The lightning bolt can be attracted or repelled through using charged materials, a grounding apparatus or the use of insulators to shield materials from the effects. Universal forces may be altered or interfered with in their transmission. (Principle 12)

secretory

Certain tissues are specifically constructed to provide chemicals that contribute to the coordinative function of your body. Every cell deposit waste material into the surrounding intercellular space. This is not secretory function, as it is not the specific major function the cell contributes to the body. The substantia nigra releases dopamine into serous circulation. Dopamine is then the product of secretory function. The secretion, dopamine, is for coordinative function of the entire body, and therefore a Primary Function. The liver, spleen, pancreas, thyroid, lymphatic, and pituitary glands are among a long list of those with secretory function. Abnormal secretory function may result in conditions from gigantism to inability to nurse. CASE STUDY: June 6, 1956, Ted Evans entered the B.J. Palmer Chiropractic Research Clinic. He stood 9'6" and weighed 450 pounds. "Everything about his osteological frame and soft tissue is proportionate." 71 It was noted by Dr. Palmer that if his glandular norm ability were restored as a child that he would have grown to more typical dimensions. Mr. Evans suffered from gigantism. A secretory dysfunction of his pituitary gland had caused the overdevelopment of his body.

No. 16. Intelligence in both Organic & Inorganic Matter. Universal Intelligence gives force to both organic and inorganic matter.

Chapter 11

innate brain and educated brain

Chiropractically, it is a matter of endeavoring to understand and account for the phenomena of function in the body that philosophical divisions have been made in the consideration of the brain. Innate Intelligence is perfect and its function is always perfect. Being such it cannot be disturbed in function by disorders affecting brain tissue. For this purpose, Chiropractic uses the term Innate Brain to differentiate the location o f the " workshop" o f Innate Intelligence from the educated brain, the storehouse for acts of volition. Your educated brain is used by Innate Intelligence for the purpose of adapting you to your external environment. The educated brain is an organ like any other and can be afflicted by disease. The educated brain houses your educated intelligence, which is the conscious thinking side of you.

clinical importance of these components

Clinical Importance of these Components The way you perform your Chiropractic analysis to determine the presence and character o f the vertebral subluxation must then logically reflect these components. If all four components are not part of your analysis, it is impossible to determine if a vertebral subluxation is present in your patient. While the Chiropractic analysis will be covered in greater detail in Chapter 30, the basis for your clinical determinations are rooted here. Parting thought...VS or VSC? You will often see the term vertebral subluxation complex (vsc) used by various writers and speakers in Chiropractic. The "vsc" shares commonalities with the vertebral subluxation, but goes further to include a 'fifth ' component. That fifth component is the aftereffect of the interference— end organ incoordination. Once the communicative obstruction occurs, the end organs or tissue cells downstream w ill suffer the effects. The purpose of a tissue cell is to produce proper function for the contributive betterment o f the body as a whole. Therefore, when individual cells malfunction, the effect becomes global. From this you will often see descriptions of the vsc that enumerate a lengthy list of components far beyond the four associated with the vertebral subluxation. These lists can be summed up under the fifth component as end organ incoordination. 1he path ol the nerve from its spinal origination throughout its entire route is referred to as its neuromere. The vertebral subluxation complex differs from the vertebral subluxation, in that the complex takes functional derangements of the tissue cells supplied by the neuromere into consideration. It is, in a sense, the vertebral subluxation plus the incoordination it causes. For example, your bladder has an external sphincter that is somatically (consciously) controlled. Being somatically innervated, it is therefore only operable while awake. Fortunately there is also an internal sphincter that is controlled by the autonomic system every moment of every day. If a vertebral subluxation were to cause an autonomic imbalance of the internal sphincter of the bladder, the bladder would empty as the person slept. This might be medically diagnosed as nocturnal enuresis. In the circumstances as described here, the functional shortcoming of the internal sphincter would be an example of end organ incoordination. These are the distal effects downstream from the actual vertebral subluxation. It is vital that the student of Chiropractic philosophy understand completely the difference between the vertebral subluxation and the vertebral subluxation complex before continuing. These are both appropriate terms in separate circumstances, but are absolutely not interchangeable. Under the subject of the Chiropractic Analysis this will become even more evident.

can you combine two premises?

Combinations of two or more premises from which conclusions are drawn is known as a syllogism,28 Two separate premises are brought together to bring forth a conclusion only seen through this reasoning process. Alone neither premise could expose the factual inference resulting from combining premises. There are three basic categories of syllogisms with which you need to be familiar.

the information superhighway

Communication of information from brain to body initiates purposeful action in the tissue cells. For this to occur there must be a vast conductive network capable of transporting the information. Being perfect, Innate Intelligence assembled the nerve system to utilize for this purpose. Information is produced in a manner faster than any computer and transmitted through this complex system of communication to allow your body to adapt to changes in your internal and external environment.

what do chiropractors treat?

Consider a patient medically diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. This is a diagnosis that has an extremely broad variety of symptoms associated with it. Nonetheless, the patient has been assigned this diagnosis before seeking your Chiropractic care. You analyze the patient and find a vertebral subluxation of a Certain character. As a Chiropractor you provide an adjustic thrust to the vetebra in question. After post-checking your patient, you determine the adjustment as seen made. Upon return to your office the patient has no remaining symptoms of her previous medically diagnosed condition. What is the proper assumption? That the vertebral subluxation was the cause of multiple sclerosis? Would it be more logically appropriate to determine that the cause o f her symptoms was the vertebral subluxation? What is the cause you have addressed in this case? Like all others, it is the vertebral subluxation. Did her medical diagnosis drive your Chiropractic approach to cause or was it the vertebral subluxation that you sought to see corrected? A ten year old child enters your office with medically diagnosed asthma. To keep his worsening symptoms at bay, he is given inhalers and breathing treatments each day. As in the previous case, you seek to locate and determine the specific character o f the vertebral subluxation. You find that this boy has a nearly identical vertebral subluxation to the woman in the above case. You provide the adjustic force as specifically as possible, the same as with any case. The boy is able to go in the local baseball league for the first time, as his breathing problems have vanished. Did you, as a Chiropractor, cure his asthma? Did you adjust him in the same manner or place as every other patient diagnosed medically with asthma? Why not? The answer is simple. You look for vertebral subluxation. This is not a treatment of any kind. Chiropractic does not use the heroic application model, as is done in medicine. Chiropractic seeks to remove a cause of adaptational deficiency— the vertebral subluxation. This is your goal, irrespective o f the presence or absence of symptoms. In either of these cases it can be said that the medical diagnoses were improper and that the patients were subluxated. To some this is a foreign concept. What if the asthmatic boy would have seen no change in his breathing? Would he then truly have asthma? The impossibility of many of these questions is to illustrate the problem of associating correlation with causation. This is one of the weakness of the informal logic of induction. You are left with probabilities and can never be certain of facts. This point was well made in Chapter 4. A 42 year old man has a headache. His medical doctor gives him an analgesic as a treatment. What is this doctor treating? He is treating the pain associated with the headache. After taking the drug he no longer senses the pain and gives credit to the drug for treating the cause of the headache. Is headache a true diagnosis? Certainly it is not. As a matter of fact repeated prolonged use of analgesics has been found by researchers to cause more headaches— a strange, but realistic paradox of medicine.''6 Is a headache a condition itself or is it a sensory effect of incoordinate activity? Let's say this man has a imaging test performed and a tumorous mass is found in his brain. Does the headache now become an effect of the tumor? How can the headache be cause and then be changed to effect? Cause and effect in human beings is rarely uncomplicated and never arrived at with certainty within a group of medically diagnosed patients expressing similar symptoms. The number of variables can never be fully understood. This does not diminish the fact that there is no effect without a cause, nor a cause without an effect. (Principle 17) That being said, cause and effect is a valuable tool in the deduction within the confines of formal logic. As such is our quest here, it is absolutely sufficient for purposes of further deduction.

the big question why?

Consider the 'mentality' of D.D. Palmer when he began his quest towards Chiropractic philosophy. The medical philosophy so engrained in our culture does not foster or encourage other considerations of the relationship between health and 'sickness'. So, how is it then that D.D. went in his own direction leading to the founding of a new rationale for health—Chiropractic? It might be best to see what D.D. himself wrote concerning the processes in his mind. In his Text-Book o f the Science, A rt and Philosophy o f Chiropractic fo r Students and Practitioners, Dr. Palmer explains his determination to find a philosophy based upon the vital question of why?: One question was always uppermost in my mind in my search for the cause of disease. I desired to know why one person was ailing and his associate, eating at the same table working in the same shop, at the same bench, was not. Why? What difference was there in the two persons that caused one to have pneumonia, catarrh, typhoid or rheumatism, while his partner, similarly situated, escaped? Why?" it is the desire to understand the reasons for health that will, by necessity, cause an innovative philosophy to be established to guide the processes of thought. Such was the case with D.D. Palmer. He, through reason, logic, and current scientific knowledge, took a giant leap forward into a new, more vibrant system of health and its loss or absence, known as incoordination.

can we move forward

Consider the Chiropractic position of health and also incoordination occurring in the body. If you recognize the anomalous nature of every individual, how can you test any antecedent and its consequence in the mo el of normal science? Furthermore, how can M ills' normal science mo e in medicine ever cause a paradigm shift in such a direction within chiropractic? Quite frankly, faced with this conundrum the profession has to either follow a research path other than the medical double blind model. or reject and belittle the philosophic position that no two individuals are enough alike to make such sweeping generalizations.

adapting universal forces

Consider the efforts provided by an Innate Intelligence to transform the destructive forces o f the universe into a usable and necessary commodity for its own constructive purposes. It is an absolutely imperative function that provides for the processes of coordination. It is the ability to coordinate function in the tissue cells that gives you the perceptions you recognize as the signs o f life and prim ary functions. However, there is something more to separate the child and the rock. There is an element of free will and voluntary function. How is it that you have voluntary function? What is the purpose? To this point you have not been exposed to this consideration. In the following chapter you will undertake the consideration in some detail.

for a moment in time

Consider the first characteristic above. The mental impulse is created for a given moment in time and therefore cannot be dammed back in such a manner. If the vertebral subluxation remains in place for any amount of time, the circumstances o f the internal and external environments o f the body have changed. The mental impulse is for a specific adaptive change to current physiological circumstances. As the body's needs have changed, the instructions for adaptation must reflect that change. The interrelationship o f these first two points now becomes obvious. 'Quantity' or 'Q uality' Interference? The last point listed above is that the interference is one of quantity of mental impulse supply and not an alteration of their quality. This deductive characteristic is drawn from the concepts of an Innate Intelligence being 100% perfect. The function o f an Innate Intelligence in living things is to adapt the organism to its environment. The 100% perfection of Innate Intelligence is incapable of creating a force of less than 100% ideal quality. The mental impulse is therefore also perfect in "quality." Any reduction in quality would mean the mental impulse is less than perfect and therefore no longer a mental impulse, but an unadapted force. Deductively then, you realize such a scenario would be impossible.Where does Vertebral Subluxation occur? There has long been discussion of the role of the afferent and efferent communication within the body as it relates to vertebral subluxation. While the efferent neurology has been well-described anatomically, it Was only at the beginning of the 21st century has science offered a more complete explanation for the afferent side of transmission.

application of chiropractic mentality

Consider the patient with medically " abnormal" blood pressure. Alone, the reading tells you nothing. It is the philosophy of Chiropractic that provides a basis to ask why this deviation from the norm might occur. You have learned in physiology classes that this could simply follow exertion or it could be attributed to a multitude of perfectly normal adaptations. For example, the vast majority of cases medically diagnosed with high blood pressure are elderly. Consider the function of a blood vessel as the heart pumps each portion of blood. As the pressure at the leading end of the vessel increases the walls of the arteriole expand slightly to accommodate the increase of pressure associated with volume. Think of it as a long thin balloon being blown up. The increased air pressure is exerted in all directions upon the walls of the balloon. The walls, being flexible, stretch and expand thereby allowing the puff of air to pass at a lower pressure. As we age there is typically a corresponding loss of flexibility ofthe vessel walls. This decreased ability to accommodate the pulse of blood as it courses through the body w ill increase pressure in order to have the same volume of oxygenated blood at the same rate. The body may not bring the pressure down, as when the pressure in this case is reduced; it must be done by decreasing blood flow. Decreasing the rate of blood flow w ill have the effect of lowering the oxygen levels in the body. As your body knows the necessary oxygen level (p02) required for each individual moment in time, the option of lowering the blood pressure and maintaining health may not be possible in certain cases. This flow o f logic may explain why it is common for those elderly individuals on blood pressure drugs to feel more lethargic. Their body is receiving a lowered level of oxygenated blood and responds by decreasing the energy available in order to conserve the limited supply of oxygenated blood. Chiropractically, you should always consider the deeper question of why?' It is not enough for a Chiropractor to consider the medical diagnosis of kidney infection, otitis media, or epilepsy. Your Chiropractic philosophy drives you to ask the far more important question of why such might occur.

"The cause-effect sequences in our brains are just as determining, ju s t as inescapable, as anywhere else in Nature. "

Corliss Lamont

the partial categorical syllogism

Could a syllogism ever be true in a less than universal nature? Let's change your original statement to reflect this character. "Some poker players are cheaters and all cheaters are depraved. This instills a far different character in your resultant syllogism. Some, but not all poker players fit within the circle of "cheaters". You also recognize that to a large degree the three circles overlap at the junction of the poker players and cheaters. This would yield a partial inclusion of the circle of " poker players" within the union of "cheaters" and "depraved individuals". The premise does not offer the exactness of the previous varieties through the use of the word"some".If you were to say"38%" instead of"some" you would be able to more accurately construct a syllogism of greater utility. You need not do so however unless you wish to, because using deduction it does not make your original premise using " some" false and therefore the syllogism formed would be no less or more true. This type of categorical syllogism is referred to as partial. The use of the word some" in your premise allows for several possibilities in the consideration of a single poker player's case.

vertebral subluxation remains

Currently in the tissue cell, the vertebral subluxation has caused an altered flow of mental impulses and a reflecting alteration of function of both the vertemere and neuromere. Coordination has suffered and dis ease is the result. This continues to exist as a vertebral subluxation due to interference at the vertemere.

parting thoughts order is the rule

D.D. I aimer makes the point that there is an inseparable relationship between intelligence and matter. Without the energy of intelligence maintaining order there would be no possibility for matter to exist. It is this universal form of life that exists in all matter. The tangible properties o f this relationship are seen through scientific perception.

"The universe is composed of matter and intelligence; the former is acted upon by the latter. "

D.D. Palmer

"From this Universal Intelligence individualized, call it what you like, originate impulses which in the vertebrata are transmitted thru the nervous system. "

D.D. Palmer, DC

"Structure and function, normal or abnormal, go together. Function is dependent upon structure. "

D.D. Palmer, DC

To express the individualized intelligence which runs all the functions of our bodies during our wakeful and sleeping hours I chose the name innate- born with

Daniel david palmer DC

is there matter without force?

Deprived of this force can matter exist? Since it is the force allocated by intelligence that provides the motion o f matter, it follows that without force there could be no motion. The link between matter and intelligence would be gone and that matter could not exist. This chapter provided many small details. You now appreciate that intelligence is always 100% o f that required, and further that its product of force can be no less perfect in its character. It has also been seen that the unswerving universal forces have no concern for the outcome o f flatter under their influence. This concept further removes our philosophy from religious constructs. Fortunately, there are means to interfere with universal forces. All matter in existence expresses universal life. As the condition to the ^Pressing universal life, force gives motion to matter. Without the Production o f force by intelligence, matter can have no motion. (Principle 15)

is chiropractic philosophy atheism?

Do you then assume Chiropractic philosophy is not only antithetical to theism, but a stance behind atheism? Certainly this is not the case either. You have learned earlier in this text of the efforts of our philosophic pioneers to draw a border between philosophy and religion. The definition of Chiropractic itself was designed specifically to make this distinction. By referring to an overriding intelligence you will find agreement from atheists and theists alike. Chiropractic philosophy purposefully yields at the border between Universal Intelligence and its source. For when this line is crossed you are now squarely in the theological realm of determining the existence of a deity. For our philosophy there is no need to step into the purely speculative as it is neither vital nor germane to the philosophical discussion you are engaging upon. There is no concept in Chiropractic philosophy that would find discordance with any position from atheism to theism.

relationship of form and function

Does form follow function or does function follow form? This means that functional capacity suffers in the vertemere from the structural weakness. Due to the malposition of vertebrae, there is an interference to the transmission of mental impulse flow through the efferent nerve before it can reach the tissue cell of the vertemere and be received. Therefore, even though aware o f the presence of vertebral subluxation, an Innate Intelligence cannot bring about proper function of the vertemere so the vertebral subluxation remains uncorrected. Mental impulses are still being created and sent toward the vertemere cells, but they are, largely, casualties o f the vertebral subluxation.

is universal intelligence a deity?

Does the Chiropractic concept of Universal Intelligence necessarily infer existence of a deity? This question is paramount to having a clear understanding of Chiropractic philosophy. It is not uncommon for false assumptions to misguide students and Chiropractors alike into correlating our philosophy with religion.

the palmer's view of causes

Dr B. J. Palmer wrote about this subject in his 1909 text, The philosophy of Chiropractic (Volume 5). You will begin to further comprehend the difference between cause and effect through the perspective of Chiropractic mentality from his explanation. scientific knowledge, based upon physics, gets into unreasonable grounds. most any phase can be assumed whet it loses it's basic elementary origin, matter to the physicist is as to much clock work that could not help going and doing things. intelligence that cannot see. does not exist, although i find in every division of physics they revert to something "vital"; it is the study of this they lack. It is their union that Chiropractic has and teaches; it is this consolidation that makes Chiropractic a practical philosophy. That you may enjoy the facts that I shall present, we will engage a tally- ho and make an imaginary trip through the city and into the country to observe social relations and economics. We get started through the country and all goes well until some observing fellow looks off in a field and sees a flock of crows circling in the air. Somebody says: 'I wonder what those crows are doing there.' Somebody who is a practical sort of a fellow, one raised on a farm, says: 'There is a dead horse, quite likely, and those crows have been eating the carcass, or going to, or will eat it.' We are satisfied, we agree that this is reasonable. We wish to know, so we go to investigate. We find a dead horse that the crows have been eating. We immediately conclude that the crows killed the horse. Do we? We do not. Says the physician with his strabismic squint and a microscope that sets him straight: 'I have found the crows that killed the horse.' We go a little farther. O ff in the distance we see buzzards doing the same that the crows were. We go to where they are, see a dead sheep, lying on the ground, half-eaten by the buzzards. Says the physician, 'Again we have found the buzzards that killed the sheep.' Farther down the road, one of the ladies says: 'Isn't it too bad he is dead?' pointing to a cat lying along the roadside. Some boy, of an inquiring mind (another of those practical fellows), turns the dead body over. Somebody says: 'Look at the maggots.' Somebody else proclaims that the maggot killed the cat, and 'I wonder what kind of a maggot it is.' A scientific fellow takes out his microscope, picks up one of the maggots, examines him under the glass, and says: 'It is an elongated squirmus.' The result is proclaimed scientifically that the 'elongated squirmus' kills felines. It goes down in history that we have discovered something not 'heretofore known.' Farther along, we come to a stagnant pool. The water is green and slimy, vile and filthy, and quite a stench comes up from it. We examine the water in the pool and find wigglers in it. We look further and find a fungus growth on the side of the pool and we decide that the wigglers caused the fungus, the wigglers caused the stench, and we henceforth pronounce the edict that 'wigglers shall be killed to stop stagnation of water.' We are put down in history as great men. We have discovered something. You say, perhaps, my illustrations are far-fetched. I think you will admit, though, without a question of doubt, that because there are crows that there is an argument '"the crows did not kill the sheep, but they were 42there because it was dead. You will further admit it was because there was so much decayed matter in the stagnant pool that these pollywogs, hair worms, etc., could live upon, that they were there and in such quantities. In all things there is some form of life expression. It is this condition against which man now begins a systematic fight. The advertisements of remedial springs state the mineral ingredients but they dare not advertise the 'animal' contents, for if they did, fear would enter as good judgment left and the spring would go begging for drinkers, bathers and soakers. Germs were there in the capacity of scavengers, because the beef was dead. You would not rush to the aid of science by arguing that the maggots killed the cat. They did not show up until its life was extinct. The same argument would hold with a rat.35 While these colorful examples were intended to be fanciful, they offer illustration to the importance of differentiating secondary effect from true cause. Such is a weakness of inform al reasoning.

toxin

Dr. D.D. Palmer used the term 'toxine to describe chemical intrusion into the delicate system that maintains your body. More than ever, the patients you will see enter your care are affected by the influence of drugs. Your body chemistry is a delicate system dependent upon the proper function of individual tissue cells to maintain health. Drugs add an additional layer of chemical confusion to an already compromised situation. Beyond the overwhelming influence of drugs in today's practice, there are also many other types of toxins that must be considered in this category. Nearly all foods are tainted with additives, preservatives and chemicals used in packaging and drugs given to livestock. Today's patients are affected by tainted water supplies caused by chemicals used in farming to toxins released in massive amounts of air pollution— more modern problems than D.D. palmer ever had to consider. Autosuggestion is the term used to describe instances where one s own mental influences to health are concerned. Psychological stress is an ever-increasing element in your patients' lives. All of you have had the experience of taking important examinations in school. What do you notice among your classmates during those testing periods? The rate of sniffling, sneezing, coughing and even cold sores is accelerated. e Pressures of having several examinations in the same week can be overwhelming to your body. Psychological stressors wreak havoc upon the body's adaptive resources. Prisoners of war, victims of child abuse and others under such long-term psychological stress have been found to be in a chronic state of fight-or-flight. Their brains actually alter their autonomic balance in a protective measure, and cause a shift toward sympathetic dominance. Such people are more susceptible to incoordinations of tissue cell function, such as cancer.82 The DNA repair apparatus diminishes its function under such a neurologic shift, thereby increasing the rates of cancer.

man is the gold standard of intelligence

EL crowder DC

Can I ask you a question?

Each and every patient who comes under your care seeks answers to a variety of questions concerning his/her health. In your desire to be truthful, as you certainly should, it w ill become apparent that applying generalizations to a specific case is impossible. There are innumerable variables such as age, duration of cause, diet, activity level, occupation, genetic background, previous or precipitating injury, psychological status, and smoking. It is impossible to have eliminated all variables other than the vertebral subluxation. Even if it were possible, it would depend upon the character of each individual vertebral subluxation. It is absurd to assume such ability exists in either a clinical or a research setting. Your conclusions are based upon the methods o f reasoning used. In the context of this text this subject is dealt with in the degree of detail necessary to bring familiarity and clinical utility to how you reason as a Chiropractor. Once you better understand the reasoning processes it w ill bring greater clarity to how " facts" become known.

clearing cellular waste

Each cell has metabolistic wastes that must be eliminated. Even proper function of a tissue cell produces waste materials. If there were not a means to rid the intercellular space of these toxins, the cell would greatly suffer and ultimately perish. It is a necessary and vital function to clear these materials. There are many tissues that play roles in elimination. Skin eliminates toxins and rids your body of thermal waste. Your lungs purge your body of carbon dioxide and even alcohol. Kidneys and many other organs provide various routes of excretion. Without proper eliminatory capacity, your body will suffer from toxic exposure

character of invasive force becomes known

Each vibration offers a brushstroke of information known as a sensation. A singular fragment of data is surmised from each impression of vibration interpreted. In turn when sensations have been amassed the complete picture is an ideation. There is now full knowledge of the function and status of all tissue cells. The judge or architect of this process is an Innate Intelligence, which strives for constant active organization. As an analogy of steps thus far, let's say you needed to see beyond an obstruction in your car's engine compartment to locate the source ol a noise. You could use a mirror on a long extendable arm to see what you could not otherwise see. You set the mirror to the proper angle and put it in place to see behind the obstruction. As you see the function fully now, you determine what is occurring. In this simplified example, the mirror represents the afferent nerve, the reflected transmission of visual information is the impression of vibration, and through interpretation you can determine what the noise means and begin a plan to correct the problem. Each moment of information as you watch would be the individual sensations and the ideation is the complete understanding of what has occurred to cause the noise in your engine compartment. You, as the judge, would be analogous to Innate Intelligence.

omnipotence

Even at a further concept of adding omnipotence as a characteristic, there is no dispute.49 The fixed predetermined destiny o f an atheist does not develop into a deity by such a concept as all-encompassing or infinite power.

motor

Every cell of your body has motion. This motion is individualistic motion not primary function motion. As a primary function, motion refers to mechanical motion produced as a coordinative effort for the entire body. Cells with a motor primary function perform such a role due to their specially designed structure for mechanical motion. Examples of this tissue type include ciliated epithelium anH TM ,accumulated undertaking o f all cells o f a muscle pullin!^6the proper moment brings about movement This JL •movement is under the direction t S w Wmayresult in paralysis, prolapsis and c o n tra c tu re s .IncoordTMt,on

excretion

Excretion is the body's ability to rid itself of selected materials. Your Innate Intelligence determines which materials are no longer needed or destructive to your body. This cannot be done educationally. As an experiment, educationally try to selectively rid your body only o f certain materials. Or better yet, try to halt the process entirely. It is fully a superconscious function, above your conscious control. Why do rashes occur? As one of the fastest routes of elimination in the human body, the skin has a vital excretory role. This is why children may develop skin rashes in response to vaccines, antibiotics and other drugs. When the body senses a toxin, the speed of elimination through the skin makes it a likely and often used path of excretion from the body. Case study in elimination Any chemical identified as a toxic agent by the Innate Intelligence of your body may result in a rash upon the skin. For example, a 52-year-old woman presented in our office with a skin rash extending from the area of the lower cervicals to upper thoracic and wrapping anteriorly around her neck. She had been taking a kelp-based iodine supplement for several weeks as her medic had decided her low thyroid level might be aided by such a supplement. Her body had acted in response to this decision and the rash appeared over the level of often-noted nerve supply to the thyroid gland.60

rational of life

Following the line of formal logic from the Major Premise, it is seen that smce a Universal Intelligence furnishes all the properties and actions of matter, the purpose of matter is to express intelligence. But what do you call this organization of matter? is all mater alive?

our philosophical justification

For a health care profession to exist as "separate and distinct there exists a long-standing legal threshold. These are enumerated in three requirements set forth by the 1888 court case, nelson v Harrington. 1) a separate theory of cause and cure 2) schools that teach this philosophical theory 3) a profession that adheres to this philosophy It is made obvious by the court system that Chiropractic's philosophical separation from medicine as well as other professions is the very cornerstone of the existence of the Chiropractic profession. As a health care profession Chiropractic must exhibit the clinical application of its philosophy to have true value.

plans of adaptation sent

Foruns are combined through the process of transformation into the completed mental impulse. The mental impulse by means of propulsion travels down the efferent nerve and is transmitted toward the tissue cell. The specific use of the term propulsion signifies an intelligent action and not a reflexive act. For this reason, propulsion occurs only on the efferent side of the cycle. Like the afferent pathway (afferent nerve), the efferent nerve is physical and is susceptible to interference.

Man is not an organism,—he is an intelligence served by organs.

Francis Bowen

The tendency of a superficial philosophy is, therefore, to deny the fact of liberty, on the principle that what cannot be conceived is impossible.

Francis Bowen (Alford Chair of Philosophy—Harvard University)

"THE accomplished purpose of Dr. R. W. Stephenson in his Chiropractic Text was to compile and edit the Chiropractic principles as propounded in Dr. B. J. Palmers lectures and voluminous writings into a systematized text.

Galen price

the segmental dermamere

Given that there is variation from individual to individual in neuromere distribution, how can you use the noninvasive concept of dermamere testing to your advantage? In the example of the variances of sciatic nerve distribution, you can see the potential weakness. As spinal nerves exit at the confines of the spinal foramina their course deviates to a greater extent as the path extends distally. At the level of exit of the spinal nerves the dermamere is largely predictable. Measuring the function of the more proximal portion of the dermamere directly superficial to the exiting nerve root beneath would therefore provide valuable insight into adaptational performance.

can it be imperfect

Given the limitless ability implied in the Major Premise, you are correct to assume that any defined amount of matter will be provided the exact amount o f intellectual attention needed. The force necessary to maintain order in any given portion of matter can be no less or more than the requisite amount. You can then deductively conclude that the amount of force created by intelligence is always 100% (Principle 9). Universal Intelligence is incapable of being neither neglectful nor overprotective beyond that perfect level o f oversight required to provide for organization. You w ill then deduce that the amount o f intelligence for any given amount of matter is 100%, and is always proportional to its requirements (Principle 7).

So how does Universal Intelligence measure up?

How do these defining concepts compare when weighed against our philosophic premise of a Universal Intelligence? For it is only when such facts are considered against these standards can we understand any conceptual differences between a Universal Intelligence and a religious entity. Let us specify the requirements and set about to bring this to resolution. While our Major Premise holds that a Universal Intelligence is in all matter and provides its properties, those concepts are certainly not in opposition to these points. Does our philosophy step beyond the' bounds of physical laws into notions of moral laws, such as virtue or holiness?

what happens in the cell tissue?

How does the interference to efferent transmission affect the tissue cell and the body as a whole? You must first consider the role of a tissue cell. Whatever that role may be, it w ill deductively suffer from lack of instruction—but what is the bigger picture? The function o f a tissue cell is its coordinated and cooperative effort for the benefit o f the body as a whole. It is not a task based upon individual cellular advantage. Your body is a community of cells coordinated together by an Innate Intelligence to follow directives to produce harmonious optimal health. The proper transmission of mental impulses is necessary for this function to take place. Interference to this transmission w ill deductively cause incoordination o f the tissues to result. Chiropractic coined a term for the purposes of discussion to describe this phenomenon. That term is dis-ease, noting a lack of ease or coordination. This term is mistakenly replaced with disease by those who have confusion or limited understanding of Chiropractic principles. Of continued importance to success in being of service to your patients is the ability to fully comprehend our Chiropractic philosophy. A tissue cell devoid ol its adaptational instruction cannot function properly and is incoordinated. The information sent to the tissue cell is vital to functional integrity. When there is an incoordination in a tissue the integrity and functional capacity of the whole body suffers. This sets into play cycles attempting to restore proper function and also to adapt to the shortfall in tissue cell function. The issue begins at the source of interference to mental impulse flow. For it is the interference with transmission of Innate forces that causes incoordination or dis-ease. principle 30

wouldn't this be immortality

If every cycle of every cell functioned perfectly at all times with no weakness of its components, it could be thought of in that way. As you recall from earlier study there is weakness in matter to degrees. Is it possible for matter to continually be organized in perfection? This can only be done to the optimal function for that cell. This cycle was described as a somewhat Utopian view of perfection of function. All cells age, DNA is damaged and reproduced. From this you begin to age and your life is at some point unable to be sustained. The limitations of matter within the tissue cell increase with age and accumulated damage. Given these facts, there is no immortality involved in Chiropractic philosophic consideration. The normal complete cycle serves as a model of ideal function. It is a vital component to the understanding of how optimal function, free of vertebral subluxation exists in a philosophic consideration. In 1927 R.W. Stephenson printed Dr. B.J. Palmer's Normal Complete Cycle coupled with each of the 33 Principles as a narrative in Article 01 "The Story."99 It is a well-known concise piece that can be found in an appendix of this text.

matter matters

If intelligence is perfect in force is perfect and there can only exist the weakness of matter to disallow perfection to function, 100% Of the time. You realize that continual perfection Expression through matter is utopianTo some extent, Just based upon your own experiences. Do you always function perfectly? Has your body ever been overcome by a virus Such is a cold? Have you ever been sunburnt from exposure To the sun? If you fall from a rooftop could you fracture a leg? Have you ever had a vertebral subluxation? At times our bodies fall short of adapting to universal forces. These are examples of what may happen when the matter falters or its breadth of adaptation is exceeded.Our bodies are subject to universal laws and can only be adapted to the limits of those laws. When you hit the ground from the rooftop your leg muscles attempt to flex in a coordinated manner to absorb some of the impact. Your spine has curvatures designed to also dissipate forces to protect your delicate brain and spinal cord. The leg bones will absorb energy of the impact by allowing a degree of flexion of the bony matrix. If the impact goes beyond the ability of the body to adapt within physical universal laws, something has to give and a leg bone may be fractured. Innate Intelligence is certainly cognizant o f the impact instant by instant, but the matter through which it operates has limitations that may not be sufficient to maintain integrity of the body. The instant after impact and fracture, Innate Intelligence sets to work to diminish the intractable pain through the release of endorphins. Endorphins are an extremely powerful chemical the body produces to slow the transmission of pain between nerves. Muscles tighten around the fracture to bring the broken ends together and prevent them from causing further damage to soft tissues in the area of the jagged break. Immediately broken blood vessels begin the repair process, preventing you from bleeding to death. The ends o f the bone are advanced upon by osteoclasts that remove bone cells damaged beyond repair by the impact. Osteoblasts then begin to lay a boney matrix from each side of the fracture towards the opposing side. In time they meet and form a callous, or thickened layer of bone at the site of the original fracture to provide for added strength while the process continues. Often this callous is resorbed over time and later evidence of the fracture may be invisible on radiographic film. This entire process from the split- second attempt to regain footing on the roof to the healing ol the fracture is overseen on a continual basis by an Innate Intelligence.

chapter 11 parting thoughts

If matter exists, it expresses universal life. There are no exceptions to this rule. When the order is lost, matter can not exist. In that sense of universal life, yes, everything is alive. As you know, there is a difference between the child and the rock. You will note the perceptible difference is in the ability to adapt in a nonrandom fashion. This difference does not change the fact that both types of matter are being organized and are therefore expressing universal life.

the universal categorical syllogism

If you combine these two premises as in your original statement, "A ll poker players cheat arid all cheaters are depraved", you will see the diagrammatic representation is a nesting o f the three groups. Each o f the premises are without exception and therefore the term universal is used to describe this variety of categorical syllogism. What if you were to say, "Poker players are not cheaters because cheaters are depraved." ? In this case your first premise has changed, but the second has not. It would yield the same result in the second premise as "cheaters'' are still " depraved" , but it would preclude poker players from being within either of the other two layered circles as shown below. One of these premises is always true and one is never true. In either case they are universal premises and yield a universal categorical syllogism.

can educated intelligence be a hindrance?

If you were taught the improper way to build the shelter and light a fire your educated intelligence would be o f no help. Educated intelligence can be a hindrance. Dr. B.J. Palmer was often ridiculed for pointing to the weakness of education and the educated intelligence. He was of course referring to the wrongly educated concepts that many hold. Consider that at one time the following were absolute facts: 'The earth IS flat!' Witches identified and burned at the stake. MDs drained blood from patients to restore health. Holes bored in patient's skull to release 'evil spirits'. 'The drug Vioxx IS safe!' Germs cause disease. These were all considered "facts" at some point in history. Not all educated intelligence is good. You are fully capable of holding fast to ideas that are obviously false. It is also true that you may unknowingly be spoon fed false ideas by others. This is what Dr. Palmer was referring to. False education leads to distorted actions. Students come to Chiropractic schools with certainty engrained in their minds of what is allowed to be true. Having watched thousands of hours of drug commercials on television, not to mention being exposed almost exclusively to an outside-in model of health, it is difficult for some to accept the idea that the body heals itself and the Chiropractic adjustment is designed to remove an interference to the natural and normal process of healing. Being taught and holding fast to things not so is a detriment to the student of Chiropractic.

is educated intelligence enough?

If you were to find yourself in the Arctic with the educated intelligence of a newborn what steps would you be able to take to protect yourself? Could you fashion a shelter from the bitter cold? Would you even be able to recognize shelter with the educated intelligence of a newborn? If you were to be approached by a polar bear, would you even have a fight- or-flight response? It may be an autonomic event, but in such a case it must be initiated by an educated consideration of the danger of a polar bear. A newborn's educated intelligence is incapable of such actions. They would likely perish rapidly in such an environment, even being unable to understand sources o f food and water. Your Innate Intelligence would be acutely aware of the cold temperatures of the Arctic. Your body has taken measures to adapt the tissues o f your body. Blood vessels o f the skin are being controlled to best meet the cold and erector p ili muscles are flexed in an attempt to preserve heat. But there is only so much that can be done to prevent an eventual death without the tools of educated intelligence. We are bom with a fully-developed Innate Intelligence and an educated intelligence that will soon be under siege by a hodge-podge of learned information. Over a lifetime your educated intelligence amasses information from both personal experience and that imparted from others. If you had been exposed to education for such a situation by schooling, training or from other individuals, you might be able to find sources of shelter, food and protection in the Arctic environment..

where do you perceive

If you were to walk blindfolded and barefoot into a room that had shag carpeting, you would be instantly aware of the textural qualities of the carpet. You recognize the softness or coarseness, whether it is padded underneath, the temperature of the carpet, if it is wet or dry and so on. Your perception is made possible only by the interpretation of the data drawn to your brain from the external environmental sensors in your feet. So, in the strict meaning of perception, you are actually feeling the carpet in your brain, not in your feet.

what is a chiropractic cycle

In Chiropractic philosophy much consideration is given to the flow of function in your body. As defined in R.W. Stephenson's Chiropractic Textbook, a cycle is a complete course of operations of some kind, returning into itself and restoring the original state. A Chiropractic Cycle therefore is the complete course of operations from the flow of information from the brain to the body and back again. You w ill be learning about the practical cycle in detail. The Practical Cycle has 104 steps and is the most comprehensive description of the loss and recovery of harmonious function. It is a combination of several other cycles that will also be briefly discussed. While the practical cycle is of considerable size, it is the description of all things clinical that lead to dis-ease (incoordination due to vertebral subluxation), the Chiropractic adjustment and the return to coordination.

what does life mean?

In Chiropractic you recognize organization at even the subatomic level. There are positively and negatively charged particles in motion, in a way that is anything but random. What would occur in a simple hydrogen atom if the level o f organization between the single positive proton and the single negatively charged electron were lost? It would cause a devastating atomic explosion from the release o f organizing relationship between them. This, of course, is the functional theory behind the hydrogen bomb. By removing the organization in that atom, it ceases to exist as hydrogen. The properties and actions o f hydrogen become subverted.

a virtuous banker you can't be serious?

In the modern era, this last of the 33 principles you study here causes much confusion. It is attacked frequently, because o f the aged analogy it contained in Stephenson's explanation. As you have seen in financial history, it is questionable whether the concept of a banking system is a weakness. Your body performs in an attitude of economy and never provides more or less than that required. It is the economy of the body that is under the watchful protection of the Innate Intelligence. This is hardly true of the banking industry in general. Two years after the list was published in its most popular rendition, the American banking system collapsed in the Great Depression. In the early 21st century the 179 world faces a similar fate from less than virtuous banking practices.

why study philosophy

In this single question you have the opportunity to examine your profession as an outsider. It is the philosophy of Chiropractic that offers a point of reference from where you view the processes of health and incoordination within the human body. This is the foundation of thought and clinical consideration, the lens through which you view those processes of life. It defines your purpose as a Chiropractor. What exactly is the point of taking a single step toward understanding the intricacies of our philosophy without being certain of the purpose of doing so?

the categorical syllogism

In this type of deduction groupings are made and compared to each other. As children we learned about unions and intersections using spheres to represent groupings and their relationships. These logic exercises are known as Euler diagrams. If they completely overlapped as below it is considered universal. Let's consider if you were to say, "All poker players cheat and all cheaters are depraved." Your statement actually contains two premises. First, that all poker players are cheaters. The diagram below graphically describes this portion o f your statement. The sphere containing "poker players'' is completely within the realm of cheaters". You could get the understanding from this diagram that "all poket players are cheaters", but you would also deduce that 'not all cheaters are poker players'. As a second premise, you also have said, ...all cheaters are depraved". As in the first half of your statement, the Euler diagram would show the full encapsulation of 'cheaters' within the larger grouping o f'depraved individuals' as seen here.

can scientific method find facts of proof

Informal reasoning is the basis of M ill's scientific method of researching phenomena. It is inductive in nature and as such it is probability- centered and therefore can be wrong. While of value to the discovery of knowledge, you are cautioned with the impossibility of certainty or fact being brought forth in this method. When is the information safe to make assumptions upon? Frankly it cannot be, but using probability the chance of accuracy is assumed. How often do you hear research using the scientific method described wrongly as fact or proof! You have likely heard drug advertisements using the terms scientifically proven or fact, even as students it is common to hear teachers support their position using selected research and present such as being 'proven'. You must always ask yourself, is there an agenda behind this intellectual dishonesty?

probability vs. facts

Informal reasoning, such as the scientific method, seeks to further quantify the probability of the expected consequence following the antecedent. The conclusion being accurate follows not with certainty, but with some measure o f chance. That being noted, it is impossible to present conclusions asfacts under this model. The methods of informal reasoning may not arrive at absolute facts, but they do allow for new information to be considered not contained in the preceding premises. If the presenter o f conclusions formulated by inform al reasoning strays from the confines of accumulated experience, the hallmark of informal reasoning, the validity of the argument is lost. As a student, you may hear that a certain scientific study has proven or disproven something related to Chiropractic or healthcare in general. As you will soon see this is a fallacious statement. The use of induction cannot lead to fact or proof of anything, only probability. This vital point will be illustrated further, but is important to keep in mind in your study here.

compensatory cycles abolished

Innate Intelligence allows no loss of economy in the body. The need for compensatory cycles set into action previously has been eliminated. Therefore further universal forces are reorganized into foruns through creation and transformed into a specific mental impulse in the appropriate efferent brain cell. The mental impulse directing such correction is propulsed through the efferent nerve. At the end of its transmission it is received at a tissue cell involved in compensating for the previous incoordinate or (dis-eased) activity. The physical personification reflects the economical plan (Intellectual Adaptation) and the compensatory cycles are abolished and the cycle returns to normal function.

is this concept religious?

Innate Intelligence is a very specific level of intelligence and as such it has been capitalized. There has been some argument that capitalization denotes a deity, but this argument would raise the White House, Supreme Court and Grand Canyon to such religious levels as well. It has been well established in your study of Chapter 7 that the foundational principle of Universal Intelligence has no plausible or logical link to religion. It was also shown in Chapter 1 that the very wording of the definition of Chiropractic was specifically designed to remove once again any confusion with things religious. Chiropractors are not alone in recognizing a source of organization in living beings. Allopathy refers to vix meditrix naturae or elan vitale or simply as nature. There are far more various terms used to address this concept in a vague manner than you need be familiar with. These are less specific terms than Innate Intelligence and have broad meanings and applications aside from that which you seek to comprehend as a Chiropractor. If we are willing to point to the loose use of language of other professions, it is unfair not to explain transgressions within the history of Chiropractic. Both D.D. and B.J. Palmer had from time to time made analogy to Innate Intelligence and the concept o f a " soul." While this would make the transition to a separate understanding easier for the student to follow, it was poor judgment of these authors to do so. You have to make a distinction between any and all religious concepts and those of Chiropractic philosophy because it is an injustice to both not to do so. 1he case cannot be made strongly enough to have a full and practical understanding of this distinction laid out in Chapter 7 in the discussion of Universal Intelligence. Great damage has been done by those who seek to align Chiropractic philosophy with their religious beliefs. It is the foundation for all fallacious argumentations lodged against our philosophy. 1his has also dissuaded many from even partaking in the intellectual study of Chiropractic philosophy, even to the degree where some schools do not include it in their curricula. Medicine also makes this transgression into religion by making more and more frequent reference to the caring for the soul or even that they "treat the human spirit" in television advertising. In fields of medical study a higher level of organization within living things is acknowledged, but not academically scrutinized.

the marketplace within your body

Inside your body is an economy of the highest order. It is a market far more complex than that of all the nations of the world. At a speed faster than any computer could solve the necessary equations, your Innate intelligence realizes the status of your entire body and propels the functional instructions to the tissue cells. The tissue cells alter function directed thereby adapting the body to the environmental variations, this occurs every second of your life, awake or asleep. But, how does this occur

additional cycles enlisted at adapt force

Intellectual Adaptation is the corresponding plan made by Innate Intelligence to improve conditions in the vertemere. Once this plan has been established your Innate Intelligence determines the appropriate target vertemere cell to adapt the adjustic penetrative force and the related efferent brain cell to deliver the plan. To adapt a force a cooperative effort of the appropriate tissue cells would be required. Universal forces are invested with new character in the creation of foruns to adapt the adjustic force. Foruns are brought together through the process of transformation into a mental impulse. Through force of propulsion the efferent nerve carries the impulse to the tissue cell of the vertemere. The physical personification of intellectual adaptation is realized in the vertemere cell. The vertemere cell follows the directive and expresses normally. As the cell function is the normal cooperative effort, recoil in the vertemere tissue cell is directed by the mental impulse to use the external invasive force for the purpose of correcting the vertebral subluxation. Recoil is the purposeful process the vertemere tissue cell uses to harness and direct the invasive force. Much like a martial arts move the cell puts forth a type of function that changes the invasive force to redirect it in the most ideal manner. The vertebra is set by the recoil into proper position and integrity has been returned to the vertemere. A ll four components o f vertebral subluxation are resolved as the vertebra is adjusted and the subluxation is removed.

how fast is it?

Interneuronal communication is transmitted at a speed for which science has yet to find a conclusive explanation. There have been theories to attempt to explain the necessary transmission through the synapses between neural cells. Could it be that after so many years of eurological research that we still await a plausible explanation to satisfy the speed at which observable phenomena occurs in your patients' bodies? The medical neurophysiology texts used by our Chiropractic colleges often explain this as a process of simple polarization/depolarization of the cell membrane and chemical mediated transmission at the synapse. The delay caused by this type of transmission is roughly 0.5ms per synapse. Even the most simple neural transmission in the brain would cause backlogs of delay by the mounting setback from multiple synapses involved in the brain alone.78 If this were truly the sole method of transmission for adaptive information, the human species would cease to exist because the basic neurologic functions could not be performed to maintain adaptation. This delay causes this often-taught theory to be called into question as a sole means. There are also more modem theories o f vesicle transport that have been met with opposition from research scientists. The vesicles that form to carry and release neurotransmitters into the synapse cannot be reproduced at a rate necessary to be a lone method for communication between nerve cells.79 W ell over 100 years since early Chiropractic philosophers first hypothesized the mental impulse, science still struggles to quantify the methods of transmission at the superconscious level.

where does innate intelligence send the plans?

Interpretation of the vibrational data provides the plan. Intellectual Adaptation. This plan may require pupils to be constricted, the eye muscles' movement to be coordinated in one direction or another, or even the instigation of the fight or flight response. An infant has no fears of charging rhinos, alligators or the dangers of fast moving water. These are learned or educated responses to visual stimuli. Someone else may be morbidly afraid of spiders, while you may not be. In someone with such concerns for personal safety, the response to the visual input will cause the initiation of fight or flight. In the special sense cycle, if this visual stimuli were indicative of impending danger it would be necessary to send mental impulses to the cells responsible for the desired function. The functional and metabolic vibrations of cellular function will be responded to as any other cell is controlled by returning afferent nerve to the same sensory cell, as in the simple cycle. But it is a matter of deduction that there must be additional tissue cells called into play that are in command of cells other than the retinal cell that initiated the cycle. In this cycle of sight, there are obvious possibilities of additional functions now required. The ability to focus, the amount of light needed through the pupil, and even voluntary muscular movements may need to be altered in answer to the vibrational data from the visual receptor. For this reason the diagram of the Special Sense Cycle brings in whichever efferent brain cell is charged with coordinating the necessary tissue cells. The first brain cell is afferent and responsible for interpreting the incoming vibrations from the sense organ in the retina (in this example). The second brain cell is efferent in this cycle and is responsible for sending plans to another specific tissue cell. The plan to adapt to the scent of a favorite food may be to stimulate salivary cells, stimulation of brain cell centers of hunger, and other such actions to prepare for eating this food. On the other hand, if the scent is of a skunk, you may have plans made that stimulate fight or flight response through your autonomic nerve system. You might also have stimulation of lacrimal glands to release cleansing tears into your tear ducts, as well as coughing or vomiting to rid the body of the contaminant. Obviously the route of efferent supply of mental impulses w ill vary as determined by your Innate Intelligence, depending upon the interpretation o f the character o f the stimulus and the physiology of the rest of the body at the moment.

are they too weak to consider?

Is it a lost cause to engage in either variety o f rationale? Weaknesses exist in both approaches, as you now know. No road exists to perfect logic and absolute truth. Formal or deductive reasoning will always arrive at truth, if the original premise is correct. Informal reasoning is based upon a model not relying on factual, but only likely outcomes. Yes, these are weaknesses, but they are unavoidable. It is this knowledge of potential flaws in logic that w ill serve to both guide your reasoning processes and protect you from flawed logical arguments presented to you from either formal (deductive) or inform al reasoning.

can innate intelligence be abnormal

Is it possible for your Innate Intelligence to make a mistake? Could it send the wrong message? Could it be "diseased" or flawed in such a way that it directs incoordinate activity? Perfection is incapable of producing less than perfection. Innate Intelligence, being perfect, is incapable of causing abnormal function. Every effort is made to promote perfect adaptation. You may observe that imperfection exists by your perception of tissue cell function. This leads to several important concepts. First, as you recall, the ability to perceive is hampered by the fact that you have only five senses through which to grasp the phenomena of the tissue cell function. You would do well to remember that during your career in Chiropractic you will be considering the infinite efforts of adaptation through the lens of finite human perceptive experience. Secondly, how do you determine what you deem to be normal or abnormal? How would you characterize a scoliosis, a colloid on the skin left after a burn, a callous or even a simple fever? These are all adaptive measures made to protect the body. If the vertebrae in the apex of a scoliosis have remodeled into a laterally wedged shape over time, is that abnormal? You must be ever cognizant of the potential problems involved in making assumptions of what normal and abnormal truly are. Tissue cell function may fall short of fulfilling its duties in adapting to the environment, but Innate Intelligence never will. Innate Intelligence is always normal and its function is always normal, principle 27)

should principle 33 be rewritten

Is the principle deductive in nature? Does it fall short in meeting this standard? Is it inaccurate? Does it lack a purpose in this listing of principles? These are the questions that must be answered in the affirmative to be called into serious question. This concept of Demand and Supply can be traced back to many principles you came to comprehend earlier. Some of those include numbers 4, 5, 9, 21, 22, 24, 28, and 32. There is clear formal logic that has brought you to deduce this principle. Whether it is accurate is a matter of deductive conclusion. From the chapter on reasoning you know that formal logic always leads to factual conclusions, as long as the premises that the new deduction is drawn from are accurate. It is not a possibility for you to form such a principle inaccurately using proper formal (deductive) logic. As for the necessity o f this principle, it is a matter o f clinical relevance. This principle is the basis of the Simple Cycle, or Safety Pin Cycle, as it is popularly known. It forms the groundwork for individual patient based Chiropractic reasoning. It is the concept of coordination from Principle 32 personified. It may be true that this principle lacks the description necessary to reach to depths of its rationale. Analogies are only just that—analogies. They are attempts at making more difficult concepts easier and more palatable. You are welcome to develop analogies to offer explanation to any of these principles as you see fit— as long as they accurately portray the intended concepts. Changing the analogy does not affect the simple idea that the Law o f Demand and Supply is existent in the body in its ideal state. (Principle 33)

isn't dis-ease the same as disease

It can be further deduced from Principles 29, 30 and 31 that dis-ease is a special category o f incoordination specifically caused by vertebral subluxation. The term dis-ease was established for use by the Chiropractic profession when referring to this circumstance alone. It is certainly neither exchangeable for disease, nor even for the generic meaning of incoordination. The vertebral subluxation and its ramifications are a vital importance philosophically, clinically and even legally.

nine primary functions

It is an arbitrary designation that offers you nine primary functions. The nine discussed below are those most likely involved with incoordinative processes. These nine primary functions, described by Stephenson, are under the control o f the Innate Intelligence of the body. You educationally have no control over these functions. Innate Intelligence functions whether you are awake or asleep. Your heart beats, food is assimilated, impressions of vibrations are interpreted and so on. Any given tissue cell may have many functions, but only its coordinative functions are primary. Stephenson highlights nine primary functions in his text that are deserving of further note.

Revolutionary Science

It is at this point in scientific discovery when a shift in paradigms often opens a window to the winds of massive change in theoretical advancement. Such was the case with events of recent history such as the Copernican Revolution and theories of Galileo overturned all we knew to be true, allowing a new view of the world. Paradigms are defeated and replaced by exposing the contradictory character o f their makeup. The increasing occurrence of anomalies reaches a point where a theory is called into question. " Theory X must replace theory Z. " The new theory Z may be able to account for anomalies found with theory X. It is commonplace for theories that challenge established facts of normal science and offer method to explain anomalous consequence to be bemoaned and belittled with fallacious attacks upon not only the theory, but the theorist as well. Even today it is commonplace for those anchored to the medical views of normal science through scientific method to attack D.D. and B.J. Palmer as individuals, instead of their theories that both time and science have borne out.

Solidarity

It is commonplace for a profession to have a jargon unique to its members that allows for discussion in their ranks. This is also necessary as professions have objects and phenomena distinctive to themselves. descriptions in the common arena are frequently found lacking when referring to a specific observation. to many, a typical soft drink Can Would be described as being "aluminum". to a metallurgical engineer that would mean very little. they recognize dozens of alloys of aluminum that could be used. They have unique verbiage to further define and isolate the distinct alloy.The same is true of Chiropractic. You have terms of special character at your disposal to allow discourse of the unique practice of Chiropractic.

parting thoughts why the confusion

It is true that this line has been crossed by many individuals on both sides of the debates of Chiropractic philosophy. In light of measurement ofthese positions against the standard of our principles it is obviously an error to ascribe moral law or to further equate a Universal Intelligence to the concept of a 'God'. Most likely such positions are taken to find support through Chiropractic philosophy for one's individual religious beliefs. Either way, the student is advised to spend time and effort to grasp the concepts contained within this chapter before continuing further in this text. As Bowen points out in the chapter opener, it is a weakness to assume that just because not all questions point to answers verifiable by tangible experimentation, that they do not exist. As you recall from Chapter 4, scientific method is incapable o f proving or disproving phenomena. The venture you undertake in subsequent chapters uses formal logic to examine Chiropractic philosophy and the phenomena of your existence.

the chiropractic glossary

It is vital for a Chiropractor to have an understanding and working knowledge of terminology used within our profession that sets us apart and provides a reason to be. As such you are provided in Appendix A with a cursory list of terms as they exist within Chiropractic and their meanings in our culture. It is your responsibility to have working knowledge of these terms before progressing in your study here. Neglecting this task will cause great confusion as these terms are used in this text according to these definitions.

what is chiropractic mentality

It is your "Chiropractic Mentality" that determines what you see in your patients. In a simple callous do you see the body s ability to adapt to a demand or do you see something abnormal? When you see a lateral curvature, as the one below, do you see a problem or an internal attempt at solution? Do you see pathology or architectural genius? In these two examples, what do you see? Medical philosophy would immediately make note of the comparative abnormality to the Utopian 'textbook" spine with perfect symmetry. The philosophy of Chiropractic recognizes that in humans, variation is far more the rule than the exception. If you look closer at the photos with a Chiropractic Mentality you will see that the spine with lateral curvature has had many adaptive processes at work. The vertebra at the apices of the curves have become wedged allowing the discs to remain level. There is no exostosis as seen in the straight spine to the left. As a matter of fact that spine appears far more like the textbook version. Even though there is nowhere near the degree of obvious change seen in the scoliotic spine, massive attempts melted into each other. which would you feel would be amore healthy response?

is this an excuse?

It might surprise you that some feel this principle only provides a handy excuse for situations where a patient may not find a change in their health they desired. In reality it is unreasonable to expect perfection of function to result from tissues that suffer from degeneration, neglect, chemical intoxication and ravages of trauma. There is certainly nothing unscientific about the recognition of weakness of materials resulting in less than perfect products. As Jonathan Swift commented, you truly can't make a silk purse from a sow's ear.

building a foundation

It w ill be the role of this text to offer the tools to bring you to this level of understanding. It is only asked of the student to be patient as the necessary information is imparted and explained. Chiropractic philosophy is broad enough for dedication of a life's work. Much of the eventual understanding w ill come gradually, and those progressive steps w ill build upon each other along your journey.

which is the fake?

It was a unique premise to study health or proper function. All previous forms of health care were based upon the heroic application of their art to study and fight disease. Consider a simplistic example. If you needed to learn how to recognize a fraudulent $20 bill, would you concentrate on all the ways it has been found to be counterfeited? Would you instead focus upon learning and observing every possible nuance of the real (healthy) bill? you truly need onlv recognize what is right to determine when something is amiss . It would be a lifes work to begin to learn every possible paper, ink type and misprint in a counterfeit sick bill. Far more can be gleaned by understanding the complexities of the healthy bill.

can the lines of communication go down?

It would seem vital that coordinating instructions be transmitted to tissue cells in order that they perform their duties flawlessly. how can it be that this transmission can be interfered with in any way . after all there can't be perfect function without perfect transmission to all tissue cells. You must remember that the efferent nerves, leading from the brain cell to the periphery, are tissue cells as Well. Being matter,they are susceptible to the constraints of matter. From Principle 5 you know that your patients need 100% of intelligence, force and matter to flawlessly exist. this is idealistic at best as the matter is the weak link and that any breakdown of this philosophic model is one relating to matter's weaknesses, as you know from Principle 24. As structure and function are intimately interwoven, any structural weakness w ill have a debilitating effect on its functional capabilities. One important factor to keep in mind is that function follows form (structure). There are inherent limitations within all tissue cells. Within the scope o f their lim its, all tissue cells may be called upon to aid in adapting your body to conditions and needs. If those functions are beyond the physical limitations, the tissue cell w ill fail its assigned task. Efferent and afferent nerve tissue cells are no different. They are always vulnerable to plastic deformation. This changes the shape (form) and thereby the functional capabilities (function). Interference may occur at points of potential structural disrelationships en route between the brain to tissue cell. Considering that the mental impulses are propelled toward the tissue cells using these structures, it stands to reason that, there can be interference with the transmission o fInnate forces. (Principle 29)

What is called disease is health laboring under a handicap; and all the remedy needed, and all that can be used to advantage, is to understand the cause of the lowered health standard, and to remove it. "

JH Tilden

The world generally is trained into half truths, and resists with all the power peculiar to fanaticism any attempt to give it the other half"

Jh tilden

"The discovery of various phenomena has led to a recognition of the fact that the chemical atom is an individual which again is itself made up of several units into a self- contained whole. "

Johannes Stark, noted physicist

stream and the rock

Just as the stream has no regard for the structural integrity of the rock, these universal forces have no concern for the potential destruction of your being. As morality is not a characteristic, your fate is of no consequence irregardless of your own morality or lack thereof. Then why has reference been made to the special level of adaptability v noted in living things? It is this difference in organizing ability that you will be immersed into in the following chapters. It is there that the opportunity for direct clinical applicability of our philosophy will begin to become more obvious.

"If one wished to kill a profession, to remove its cohesion and its strength, the most effective way would be to forbid the use of its characteristic language

Kenneth Hudson (1978) TheJargonqfPrcfessions

separate and distinct

Lexicon is a vital component from a sociological standpoint to differentiate between groups. Chiropractic requires such, as it is the largest profession to openly recognize the significance o f the adaptive intellect found within all living things. It is the recognition of the uniqueness of every person being driven by an internal force toward health and that the vertebral subluxation interferes with that potential that sets Chiropractic apart. By offering a new set of questions and seeking different answers, it becomes necessary that a new lexicon be developed to allow for both theoretical discussion and scientific investigation. In an age when health is a vitally important socioeconomic topic it is imperative that Chiropractors not succumb to outside pressures to subjugate ourselves by discarding our lexicon and along with it our cultural authority. If this were allowed to happen our uniqueness and therefore our legal purpose for the profession would be gone. "This distortion o f the chiropractic tradition can only be overcome by a reevaluation o f the place o f theory in chiropractic. ... Dispossessed of its philosophy, chiropractic is dispossessed of it's uniqueness and perhaps it's future . " 20 — Medical Anthropologist, E. A. Morinis, PhD Muddling other cultures' terms or meanings in place of our own diminishes the ability to have dialogue that has specific meaning to a separate and distinct Chiropractic profession. You may hear the term examination used in place of Chiropractic analysis. Do these two terms oiler two different meanings? Is one less specific? Certainly the term examination could mean almost anything from examining for the presence of head lice to character of the toenails, while Chiropractic analysis speaks to the distinct clinical mission of determining the presence and character o f the vertebral subluxation. To an outsider, it may appear as just another form o f examination. This is much like those outside of the metallurgical profession not realizing the wide variety of alloys of aluminum. For the purposes of clarity, as well as defining the parameters o f being a separate and distinct health care profession, our terminology is quite important.2

the bond between intelligence and matter

Life necessitates the continued link of intelligence and matter. What then is the link? How is this relationship maintained? As Universal Intelligence provides for the order of matter, it is reasoned that this bond must be a product of intelligence as well. 1his bond or link, often referred to historically in Chiropractic philosophy as the missing link, is known as force?3 What would occur if the force holding the hydrogen atom together as organized matter were lost? What would occur is the same thing that would happen to all matter. It would cease to exist. Force is the binding agent that bonds matter to intelligence offering the expression you note as properties and actions. This bond of force is neither intelligence nor matter, but can be deductively concluded to be a product of intelligence. It can therefore be logically concluded that an inseparable triunity must exist for universal life to be maintained. Life is a triunity having three necessary united factors, namely Intelligence, Force and Matter (Principle 4).

medical vs chiropractic views

Medically, rashes may be treated by suppressing them with synthetic steroid drugs. Does it seem rational to act as though the rash was due to a deficiency o f steroids? What is done if a person has diarrhea? There is a drug for that. Oops, now constipated? They can prescribe a laxative. By ignoring the underlying functional rationale behind the overt symptom, there is no choice but to treat the symptom as the larger issue. Without proper excretory function, your patients' bodies may retain materials to toxic levels. If they were to mistakenly ingest salmonella their bodies w ill act upon the presence o f the toxin. To rid their bodies of the toxin they may have diarrhea or vomiting. This seems a logical determination made by their Innate Intelligence. What would symptomatic treatment in such a case offer in improvement of health? By medically inhibiting the ability to eliminate toxins rapidly, as would be the case with diarrhea or vomiting, toxins may build to more extreme levels. Toxins are one of the three types of causative stress behind vertebral subluxation D.D. Palmer discussed at length in his 1910 text.61

improving matter

Most often your body can adapt to a universal force. But can your body actually become "better matter" to meet demands? Consider a gymnast. At first, his/her hands fall short of perfectadaptation to the frictional forces of gripping parallel bars. They will form blisters and they will often break open and bleed. However, with repeated exposure to the parallel bars, the hands form thickened calluses at the exact points where great frictional forces take place. As a further example, you fracture your femur and are given a plaster cast for six to eight weeks and are given crutches to walk. By the time the cast is removed the bone o f the femur w ill be less dense compared to the opposite leg that has been bearing weight during this time. During this time the Innate Intelligence of your body takes note of the decreased weight bearing. Since the function of Innate Intelligence is one of economy not wastefulness, the bone density has been decreased, as the need for strength o f the femur has been decreased. With weight bearing again on the weakened femur, how long w ill it take to bring the bone back to its former strength? Embryologists note that bone cells live approximately 150 days and are replaced by new cells.7' Is it any wonder that at or near that six-month mark even individuals suffering an injury that prevents weight bearing have dramatically decreased their bone density by 33%?76 Once weight bearing again increases, Innate Intelligence sets to work to begin to replace bone cells at the end of their life cycle with a stronger bony matrix If a patient is subluxated the coordination of a tissue suffers. When you adjust this person and the interference is gone, immediately the Innate Intelligence of his/her body sets to work to improve coordinate activity. The interference could have been there for a period of time, not allowing the tissues effected to recover. They have become limited in their adaptational ability. It may be permanent damage, but Innate Intelligence will never stop in the attempt to provide sustenance and instruction to improve the tissue. If Innate Intelligence fails in attempts to adapt a universal force for use in the body, tissue damage results. The instructions delivered to matter of the tissue cells are perfect. The limitation in performance results from weaknesses o f matter, never Innate Intelligence. It is then a matter of deduction that Innate Intelligence adapts forces and matter for the body as long as it can do so without breaking a universal law, or Innate Intelligence is limited by the limitations of matter. (Principle 24)

A living thing has an in born intelligence Within It's body, Called innate intelligence.

No 20

all the principles

No. 1. The M ajor Premise.A Universal Intelligence is in all matter and continually gives to it all its properties and actions, thus maintaining it in existence. No. 2. The Chiropractic Meaning ofLife. The expression of this intelligence through matter is the Chiropractic meaning of life. No. 3. The Union of Intelligence and Matter.Life is necessarily the union of intelligence and matter. No. 4. The Triune of Life.Life is a triunity having three necessary united factors, namely, Intelligence, Force and Matter. No. 5. The Perfection of the Triune.In order to have 100% Life, there must be 100% Intelligence, 100% Force, 100% Matter. No. 6. The Principle of Time.There is no process that does not require time. No. 7. The Amount ofIntelligence in Matter.The amount of intelligence for any given amount of matter is 100%, and is always proportional to its requirements. No. 8. The Function of Intelligence.The function of intelligence is to create force. No. 9. The Amount of Force Created by Intelligence.The amount o f force created by intelligence is always 100%. No. 10. The Function of Force.The function o f force is to unite intelligence and matter. No. 11. The Character of Universal Forces.The forces of Universal Intelligence are manifested by physical laws; are unswerving and unadapted, and have no solicitude for the structures in which they work. No. 12. Interference with Transmission of Universal Forces. There can be interference with transmission of universal forces. No.13.The Function ofMatter.The function of matter is to express force. No. 14. Universal Life.Force is manifested by motion in matter; all matter has motion, therefore there is universal life in all matter.No. 15. No Motion without the Effort of Force. Matter can have no motion without the application of force by intelligence. No. 16. Intelligence in both Organic and Inorganic Matter. Universal Intelligence gives force to both organic and inorganic matter. No. 17. Cause and Effect.Every effect has a cause and every cause has effects. No. 18. Evidence of Life.The signs o f life are evidence o f the intelligence o f life. No. 19. Organic Matter.Thematerial ofthe body ofa"living thing" is organized matter. No. 20. Innate Intelligence.A 'living thing" has an inborn intelligence within its body, called Innate Intelligence. No. 21. The Mission of Innate Intelligence.The mission of Innate Intelligence is to maintain the material of the body ofa"living thing" in active organization. No. 22. The Amount of Innate Intelligence.There is 100% of Innate Intelligence in every living thing the requisite amount, proportional to its organization. J°. 23. The Function of Innate Intelligence. the function of innate intelligence is to adapt universal forces and matter for use in the body so that all parts of the body will have coordinated action for mutual benefits. No. 24. The Limits of Adaptation.Innate Intelligence adapts forces and matter for the body as long as it can do so without breaking a universal law, or Innate Intelligence is limited by the limitations of matter. No. 25. The C haracter of Innate Forces.The forces o f Innate Intelligence never injure or destroy the structures in which they work. No. 26. Comparison of Universal and Innate Forces.In order to carry on the universal cycle of life, Universal forces are destructive, and Innate forces constructive, as regards structural matter. No. 27. The Normality ofInnate Intelligence.Innate Intelligence is always normal and its function is always normal. No. 28. The Conductors of Innate Forces.The forces o f Innate Intelligence operate through or over the nervous system in animal bodies. No. 29. Interference with Transmission of Innate Forces. There can be interference with the transmission of Innate forces. No. 30. The Causes of Dis-ease.Interference with the transmission of Innate forces causes incoordination or dis-ease.No. 31. Subluxations. Interference with transmission in the body is always directly or indirectly due to subluxations in the spinal column. No. 32. The Principle of Coordination. Coordination is the principle of harmonious action of all the parts of an organism, in fulfilling their offices and purposes. No. 33. The Law of Demand and Supply.The Law of Demand and Supply is existent in the body in its ideal state; wherein the " clearing house," is the brain, Innate the virtuous " banker," brain cells clerks, and nerve cells " messengers."

chapter 13

No. 18. Evidence of Life. The signs of life are evidence of the intelligence of life. No. 19. Organic Matter. The material of the body of a "living thing" is organized matter

No.2 no3 no4 no5

No. 2. The Chiropractic Meaning of Life.The expression o f this intelligence through matter is the Chiropractic meaning of life. No. 3. The Union ofIntelligence and Matter.Life is necessarily the union of intelligence and matter. No. 4. The Triune of Life.Life is a triunity having three necessary united factors, namely, Intelligence, Force and Matter. No. 5. The Perfection of the Triune.In order to have 100% Life, there must be 100% Intelligence, 100% Force, 100% Matter.

chapter 25

No. 32. The Principle of Coordination. Coordination is the principle of harmonious action of all the parts of an organism, in fulfilling their offices and purposes. No. 33. The Law of Demand and Supply.The Law of Demand and Supply is existent in the body in its ideal state; wherein the "clearing house," is the brain, Innate the virtuous " banker," brain cells " clerks," and nerve cells " messengers." "The vital and intellectual functions perform the vegetative and cumulative, the building o f the body and growth o f mind in a normal manner, if communication is not disturbed. " — D.D. Palmer, DC

Chapter 10

No. 7. The Amount ofIntelligence in Matter.The amount of intelligence for any given amount of matter is 100%, and is always proportional to its requirements. No. 8. The Function of Intelligence. The function of intelligence is to create force.No. 9. The Amount of Force Created by Intelligence. The amount of force created by intelligence is always 100%. No. 10. The Function of Force. The function of force is to unite intelligence and matter. No. 11. The Character of Universal Forces.The forces of Universal Intelligence are manifested by physical laws; are unswerving and unadapted, and have no solicitude for the structures in which they work. No. 12. Interference with Transmission of Universal Forces. There can be interference with transmission of universal forces. No. 13. The Function of Matter.The function of matter is to express force. No. 14. Universal Life.Force is manifested by motion in matter; all matter has motion, therefore there is universal life in all matter. No. 15. No Motion without the Effort of Force.Matter can have no motion without the application o f foice by intelligence.

cause of dis-ease

Nothing has brought as much distaste for the philosophy of Chiropractic as the concept of the vertebral subluxation being the cause of dis- ease . In the famed ICA case, Wilk, et.al. v. AMA, et.al., Dr. James Winterstein of National College refuted the idea of the vertebral subluxation causing disease.9 This was based upon misconceptions of Chiropractic philosophy. In the above scale of adaptability, the applicability to Chiropractic practice is in consideration of one particular type of incoordination— dis-ease. As mentioned above, this type of incoordinate activity is specifically and only due to a vertebral subluxation. if an incoordinate function is not related to vertebral subluxation, it is not considered dis-ease A tissue may be lacking coordination because of an inherent structural weakness from genetics, previous damage or a variety of other reasons. You need to be certain of what Chiropractic means by the use of the term dis-ease. Chiropractic is a philosophy, science and art of a religious nature; a system of adjusting the segments of the spinal column without the use of surgical means for the correction of incoordination caused by a vertebral subluxation to imagine logical opposition of the definition, once it is truly understood. The gap between those who see the utility for Chiropractic philosophy and those who do not, is purely one of educational understanding. The arguments raised against our philosophy are made in error by following false assumptions, in place of true understanding.

compensatory cycles needed

Now the full picture of failed adaptation in the tissue cells along the neuromere is fully known. In an attempt to offset the incoordinate activity in the neuromere, creation is modified. Foruns are created in order to cause other tissue cells to attempt to provide for the lost functions of the tissue cells affected by the vertebral subluxation. The end result is that compensatory cycles are established. Compensatory cycles are an attempt to better regulate the function of a body as a whole. In an attempt to regulate coordination in the body, mental impulses are sent to direct the cells of other tissues to compensate for the disoriented functions of affected cells. Work is shifted to other cells/tissues/organs in addition to their normal functions as a result of Intellectual Adaptation. As function follows form, these tissues become strained and may produce symptoms from the adaptive effort. Over time these tissues may fail under the strain to right the physical ship and compensatory conditions may develop. Prolonged compensation may resemble pathology or even become pathology.

reparatory

Only cells that function to repair other body tissues through anabolism, catabolism or repletion are considered reparatory. Injured, unsound and even pathological tissues are the focus o f reparatory tissues. This again, like all other primary functions is not for the individual cell, but for the betterment o f the entire body. This function is an arbitrary grouping of numerous processes. The formation of fibrin clots to fracture repair are reparatory functions. Due to dependent function, reparatory is intimately tied to expansive function. Your body is continually being broken down and rebuilt. The balance between repair and renewal must be coordinated. CASE STUDY: Carol L. was a 56 year old woman who had been in an accident three years earlier where her right humerus was broken near its midline. She had repeated surgeries to repair the fracture site and none had healed properly. New x-rays were taken monthly by her physician without any sign of improvement. Two months after she began Chiropractic care her arm had nearly healed. Her surgeons were baffled to explain the sudden change in her bone repair. As a Chiropractor you will see many such interesting functional changes in those under your care. When the mental impulse flow is improved via Chiropractic adjustment, there are no predictable limits to the ability of the body to heal.

Is all matter Alive?

Our Major Premise maintains that intelligence provides properties and actions thus maintaining matter in existence. The term action implies motion. All matter has motion at the atomic and subatomic levels, irrespective of the form. Earlier you also learned that life is the expression of intelligence through matter. You w ill then deduce that universal life exists in all matter. (Principle 14)

ah yes, but there are expectations to the rule

Over the many decades of Chiropractic's existence our philosophy has undergone serious scrutiny by friend and foe alike. It is only by such thorough lines of questioning that the profession can achieve a complete understanding of our philosophy. There are several examples that you need to consider fully at this point that deal directly with the concept of constructive efforts of Innate Intelligence.

myths abound

Over the years there has been much speculation over the origin of his concepts and those further constructed by his son, Dr. B.J. Palmer. You may have heard that these concepts were taken directly from Eastern religious principles and philosophies, or other non-related entities. There have also been those who promote that the principles were developed to prevent legal prosecution.31 these positions are not supported by facts according to scholars of the field.1" It is likely that these and many other myths persist due to their elements of mystery and intrigue. An element of a desire to mischaracterize Chiropractic philosophy may also be involved. Chiropractic and its philosophy have been opposed since its earliest days.41 There has been opposition from the medical establishment. Less expected was opposition from a minority within the Chiropractic ranks. D.D. Palmer's first class contained two students who later entangled Chiropractic principle and practice with those of medicine.42 These individuals went on to found competing schools and the confusion and myths have spread over the past century from this point. he truth is much less mysterious. As you learned in Chapter 2, D.D. Palmer sought the path to answer the single most vital question to health (coordination) se (functional incoordination). It was the consideration- -"WHY?"- -that spawned the philosophy of Chiropractic, and the reason D.D. had been working on the development on his principles even before Chiropractic came into being.

the cornerstone definition

Over the years there have been few Chiropractors who have spoken out against the definition from R. W. Stephenson's Chiropractic Textbook. This is the most widely taught definition in Chiropractic's history. The intent of Chiropractic found in its definition above has been manipulated by proclamation to redefine or revise sweeping areas of Chiropractic philosophy. To better understand the reasons for these actions, you must first examine the intention found within the above definition. Do you recognize confusing or ambiguous terminology in this definition?

is there a clinical application

Philosophy without application serves no purpose. It is necessary to have well-defined parameters for the clinical application to be a worthwhile study in Chiropractic. It is your goal as a Chiropractor to seek evidence o f the presence or absence of vertebral subluxation, delivering the adjustic force and then measuring again to determine improved adaptation. The subject of the clinical application will be offered in great detail in subsequent chapters, but you w ill gain clinical insights periodically throughout this text.

strategy to adapt

Plans are continuously made to adapt the current status of each and every tissue cell at every given moment. Those plans are referred to as Intellectual Adaptation. This can be likened to the plans drawn by an architect. An Innate Intelligence, through the process of creation in the brain cell, makes foruns. A forun is the smallest unit of mental force, and is created from adapted universal forces. The term is actually made from the words force and unit. You will notice the word "creation" is used pertaining to the forun. Creation is meant here as investing with a new character or causing to exist in a particular manner. The architect uses materials to create a building, but does not cause the materials to exist. the foruns are the building materials of the mental impulse.

why do things happen? Luck?

Possibly more than any other simple and seemingly given fact, this principle of cause and effect shows a distinction between the Chiropractic mentality and that of allopathy. It seems a foregone conclusion that nothing can occur without a cause. It may be equally noted that if a cause is put into motion the effect will follow. Upon waking in the morning, you discover that you left your cars headlights on overnight. You turn the key and the battery is depleted of electrical charge. The car won't start. In this example the cause of the dead battery was leaving the headlights on all night. In a college history class you are told that students missing more than three days of class will fail the course.you have missed four by the end of the course. When you receive your grade you see that you have failed tHe course. The cause was missing the fourth day. it is a straight forward case of cause and effect. Not all effects have a clear cut cause. Sometimes you can be led to make false assumptions. We may both agree that if the garbage is not taken out to the outdoor garbage can, that a malodorous scent will occur in the house and flies may also appear. Can we assume that if the garbage begins to smell badly that the house will remain so affected unless the garbage is removed? It seems highly likely that this would be the case. The flies may also appear on the scene as they provide a scavenger function. Can we assume that if the flies appear that the garbage did not get taken out? Not necessarily. They could be seen buzzing around perfectly clean garbage cans as a matter of chance.

"Know your principles thoroughly and no problem of Chiropractic, that is practical, w ill trouble you long.

R.W. Stephenson, DC, PhC

reverse mutation

Reproduction involves the continuation and progress of the species. The continuation of the species depends upon the passage of two sets of amended genetic material. Each parent contributes one-halfof the genetic blueprint. Within this completed blueprint are endowed capabilities as w ell as inadequacies. There are degrees of limitation inherent within each person. Some may never have the physical matter to set a world record in a 100-meter dash or to lift large amounts of weight. All are born with the innate drive toward optimal function. This. includes the primary function of reproduction. Optimally in this function the best possible half of the next generation is produced. Therefore, each successive generation adds to the survival value of the human race. Scientists have determined that the genes you were born with are capable of slight degrees of improvement throughout your life.73 Through the process of reverse mutation, genes undergo genetic improvement that may therefore cause a graduated advancement of the human species. This genetic repair is controlled through a properly functioning nerve system

reproduction

Reproduction is a quite obvious sign of life. In Chiropractic philosophy reproduction, as all signs ol life refer to the individual tissue cell. Under proper 1unction, the process of cellular reproduction is not accomplished by chance or without intelligent control. If such were the case cells would be reproduced in an in coordinative manner— pathology can be the only result. This may be exhibited as the first cell in a cancer or other pathologic state, such as a teratoma.

can you do both?

Sadly, the study of health, or optimum function, is sadly relatively unknown still today. Medical philosophy of eradication of disease is so deeply entrenched it has even caused some Chiropractors to attempt to practice the art of Chiropractic through the philosophy of medicine, these two systems of thought are so diametrically opposed that it creates much doubt in the mind of the Chiropractor and failure often results for the patient. This confusion will make itself clear as you further consider the following chapters and begin the process of clarification of your chiropractic philosophy medicine is the study of disease and what causes a man to die, chiropractic is the study of life and what causes a man to live Clarence Gonstead, DC

elementry, my dear watson

Sherlock Holmes was known for powers of deduction used in solving the most seemingly complicated cases. Chiropractic philosophy too has roots in deduction. Unfortunately what is taught in many courses of argumentation and reasoning is not necessarily accurate in the portrayal of neither deductive, nor inductive reasoning. A clear understanding of deduction is an important goal for the student of Chiropractic philosophy. Deductive reasoning begins with singular or multiple ^premises and draws conclusions based absolutely upon those premises."'^ This means that if the premise or premises are true, the conclusion will also necessarily be true. It is impossible to have a false conclusion brought forth from a true premise. his infallibility of conclusion comes from the second feature of deduction. That is that the conclusion does not provide any additional information.26 The conclusion is a reorganization of what you already knew within the original premise or combined premises. Whatever is concluded is already inferred within the premise. As a very simplistic example, let's say your premise is that all teenagers drive too fast. If you have a teen at home, then they must be driving too fast. The deduction is a restructuring o f what you already know in the premise. It allows what may have been only indirect knowledge to reach a higher level of priority in your consideration. This is a quite useful characteristic of deductive reasoning. In this example is the premise true? 11 there are teenagers that do not drive too fast, then the premise and any further deductions are in doubt. n contrast to inductive reasoning, deduction need not be associated to the concrete world.27 You can substitute characters, symbols and non- defined items in your premise and the deductions that follow. For instance, if your premises are that X=Y and Y=Z, then it deductively follows that X=Z as well. One weakness of this method can be seen by substituting for X, Y, and Z with a flawed premise. If you say that 2+2=4 and 4=5 then deduction would lead you to the conclusion that 2+2=5. This conclusion is arrived at due to the flawed premise that 4=5. Again, an overly simplistic example of how a flawed premise can lead us far astray from finding truth. There is an inherent weakness in that conclusions can defy what is known to be fact if such a flaw exists. It is therefore vital that you begin with accurate premises. Now consider deduction using a basic premise of Chiropractic, every person is different. From this premise how would you consider something like the normal body temperature should be 98.6 F (37 C)? What about medications? How will an individual patient react to Ibuprofen? Can you deductively determine there is no way to know the response to such a medication using your premise of dissimilarity between all patients? Will this patient have the desired change or will they fit into a category whose kidneys suddenly fail? From your premise, every person is different, you can not know these answers. Deductively, you will find that this is an impossibility. Deduction always arrives at true conclusions if the premise is correct. Is the premise correct? If so, it should be true that drug therapies do not always cause the desired affect in patients.

the segmental neuromere

Since the flow of mental impulses follows the conduit of nerve distribution from the spine, you would logically benefit from the measurement of function of the associated tissues. The entire path of a spinal nerve is considered to be the neuromere. The tissues that a particular neuromere supplies is largely predictable. There is always the opportunity for variables to be introduced into any clinical consideration. Innervation of a particular organ may have branches formed from neuromere levels that vary slightly between two individuals. The sciatic nerve, for example, may be formed from three to five separate neuromere levels. The path o f this nerve also varies between individuals as it travels through the lower extremity. This would prevent you from measuring function of predicted distal dermatome of the great toe as a reliable indicator for the interference of the flow of mental impulses.

superconscious coordination

Since you recognize the functional ability of a living thing from the previous chapters, it is fitting that a unique term be used to describe the higher level of intelligence at work. Without doing so, it is impossible to have intellectual discussion within the profession or when educating your patients. For this purpose Chiropractic has coined the term Innate Intelligence. The superconscious coordination of your body is necessary 24 hours a day, seven days a week. The term superconscious is used as it functions above the conscious consideration and decision-making abilities you have at your disposal. You breathe in a regular rhythm, but do not consciously control such. Your heart beats constantly supplying oxygenated blood to your tissues without your slightest conscious consideration. You have the ability to adapt to your internal and external environment. This is a special quality of living beings. Inanimate or dead matter cannot adapt in this way. When universal forces are encountered, a living person can adapt to this change in circumstances. This denotes a higher level of organization. This suggests a living thing has an inborn intelligence within its body, called Innate Intelligence. (Principle 20)

heinrich duerringer

Some might assume that since the list appears in his text that Stephenson had written them himself. The fact is that they were the result of many years of reflection, consideration and discussion. Dr. Heinrich Duerringer had reported that the principles we are familiar with today were largely the result of faculty and student in-class discussions in the 1909-10 era when he was a student. At that time classes were held in a large two-story converted barn. The faculty lectured in the center o f the room and the students sat around the outside of the rooms. According to Dr. Duerringer, it was during these sometimes deep philosophical classroom discussions that many of the principles were developed.44

universal life.

That being noted, you certainly can with perceptive accuracy note major organizational differences between a growing plant and the hydrogen atom. The plant shows greater variance in interacting with its environment than does a hydrogen atom. But at the same time, you also recognize there is order present in both of them that maintains their existence in their current form. Since they have this basic form of organizational life in common, Chiropractic recognizes they both express life in this universal sense. You may refer to this basic order expressed by all matter as universal life. A Universal Intelligence provides for the expression of matter. It can be deduced that the expression of intelligence through matter is the Chiropractic meaning of life (Principle 2).

AdIO vs oibu

The Above-Down-Inside-Out mentality is of major importance to patient care.14 Chiropractically, you recognize that your body strives toward maintaining proper coordination of this vital action. The cause of health comes from inside the patient. The medical mentality functions to combat disease from outside the body and seek to force normality upon the patient. This view is known as Outside-In-Below-Up.1^ From this viewpoint, the cure of disease is the focus and it is derived from outside the body. The obvious examples include drugs, surgery and therapy. Chiropractically you must think health first, not disease. Medically you 'get' a disease. Chiropractically you 'lose' health. There is a far greater difference between these two viewpoints than mere course of action. The difference lies in the philosophic base of these two separate and distinct professions. There is no ability to act for the interest of a patient until there is first a guiding dictum of principles of health and incoordination on which to base those actions.

case studies of aberrant growth

The Case of Dr. R. Some years ago a student came to Palmer to study Chiropractic. He had a unique problem in that he had one arm that was somewhat vestigial. It was less than one-half the length o f his other arm and had not grown since many years earlier. It is interesting to note that during his time while a student in Chiropractic school and under regular care, his shriveled arm grew over six inches. Is it conceivable that the presence of vertebral subluxation caused the tissues of his arm to grow in an incomplete manner? The Case of Darlene W. A 20-year-old girl sought our care due to having problems post surgically. She had a left leg that grew 3-1/2 inches longer than her left leg. She had been fitted with orthopedic appliances through her childhood to accommodate for the deficient growth. When she reached 18 years of age, surgeons determined her growth had finished. They operated to stunt further growth of her longer left leg and then proceeded to surgically fracture her shorter right leg and fit her leg bones with a device that could be extended to keep the regrowing areas of fracture from reaching each other by continually moving them apart. After her surgery and the ensuing many months during which the fracture was being separated, the legs were fairly equal in length and her case deemed a success. She began to have problems adapting to the new leg length as her spine tried to remold itself to accommodate to the change. In the course of her care her once shorter right leg began to grow. Within nine months the growth had made her once shorter right leg longer than the artificially stunted left leg by 1-3/4 inches. She was then fitted by the Isurgeon's office with orthopedically enhanced shoes that now had the raised heel on the opposite side. Without the proper degree of mental impulse supply the coordinative growth cannot take place. These cases are but two of but many that illustrate the dependence of proper growth upon coordinative neurological control. Can growth appear aberrant and be innately intended? To adapt to changes in structural derangement, the vertebra may appear to become overgrown as exostotic spurs are grown. Vertebra may also become wedged laterally to adapt to a difference in leg length inequality. This may be explained by some through Wolffs Law or Huetter- Volkmann phenomena.64As a Chiropractor you are more interested in why this happens in the first place. To illustrate this, looking again at the earlier examples from skeletons may prove useful. Upon studying these skeletal specimens, you w ill notice first is a dramatic scoliosis with large sweeping curvatures and abrupt directional changes. The second looks very similar in curvature to the 'ideal spine you see in anatomy books. The cervical, thoracic and lumbar lateral curves are seemingly proper and from the front this spine is arrow straight.

mental impulse

The Chiropractic view upon health and regulation within the body is one of intellectual causation. The mental impulse is an integral component of the philosophic deduction.

practical cycle

The Practical Cycle is very briefly mentioned in Stephenson s text, but is the crux of philosophical application in the Chiropractic clinical environment. This chapter attempts to diagram and detail the Practical. Cycle from ideal function in the Normal Complete Cycle and its transformation into the Abnormal Complete Cycle, Abnormal Vertemere Cycle, Compensatory Cycles and the Restoration Cycle. The following is a brief synopsis of those 104 steps as determined by this author. Some alterations were made to the original contributing cycles due to gaps in logical flow between some steps. It is admittedly a complex description, but it is truly the center of the clinical application of your philosophy for those seeking your care. You are advised to follow the diagram closely as each new step appears in bold print and be able to explain each of the steps using the diagram for a guide. This difficult and elaborate cycle w ill certainly require at least a second reading of the following description. Using the labeled diagrams you should be expected to be able to explain the sequential steps, as well as what occurs in each step at the completion of your study here.

the route of the special sense cycle

The Special Sense Cycle begins when a stimulus (1) external to your body contacts to your body. This stimulus is a universal force, such as a pressure wave, light, chemical composite or physical interaction. These invasive universal forces are received (2) by the tissue cell of the receptor (3). The receptor has no ability to consider or "think about its job. It merely serves as an antenna to the external environment. Each type of receptor is designed by Innate Intelligence to be triggered by a specific type of invasive force. The vibrational (4) data due to this contact of the receptor is impressed (5) upon the afferent nerve (6) that transmits (7) this data to the brain cell (8). Another distinction from the other cycles is that, in the special sense cycle the receptor is actually the peripheral end of the afferent nerve. The impressions of vibration are drawn to the brain cell where they are received (9) into the mental realm (10). Once in the abstract mental realm, through the process of interpretation (11) each impression of vibration is given a value judgment. Each impression so judged offers a sensation (12). The sum of sensations is a complete ideation (13). The ideation is the complete intellectual determination of what has occurred at the receptor. The judgment is made by Innate Intelligence (14). Now that the situation is fully comprehended. Innate Intelligence sets to work to form a plan to act upon this receptor information. The plan made is referred to as Intellectual Adaptation (15). Your Innate Intelligence is constantly striving to maintain optimum health. Knowledge of the external environment is vital to achieving this goal.

educated intelligence and adaptation

The ability to adapt depends upon several factors, not the least of which is educated intelligence. Man has the skill to clothe himself and to build fire to cook and keep warm, not to mention an advanced tool-building ingenuity. These endowments allow for a greater range o f adaptability. Humans, due to their advanced educated intelligence, might be rated at a higher level compared to other animals. This reasoning and keenness Given that the normal function of any tissue cell is to provide a coordinated function for the betterment of the body as a whole, every greater latitude of possibility in a broader range of Tissues of Adaptation allows man environment tissue cell is involved in adaptability. The neural pathways for providing instructional mental impulses are most certainly vital to the process. An interruption in adaptability is central to the philosophy and practice of Chiropractic. In later discussions of the Chiropractic analysis, the lack of adaptability will be highlighted in identifying the presence of vertebral subluxation.

the amount of innate intelligence

The amount, or quantity o f Innate Intelligence may vary from one living thing to another, but it always exists in a 100% relationship to that required. It is as great a percentage in a tree as it is in you or your patients. It is not a factor of education and is no greater in the genius than in the dim-witted. Principle 7 stated that the amount of intelligence for any given amount of matter is always 100% and proportional to its requirements. There is no such thing as a lack or excess o f perfection. It deductively follows that Innate Intelligence would therefore be 100% in every "living thing," the requisite amount, proportional to its organization. (Principle 22)

Physical Laws vs. Moral Laws

The atheist would agree that the universe is governed by incontrovertible physical laws. However, the belief that the universe is governed by not only physical but also moral law, finds us squarely in the realm of religion. It is not until the attributes of morality and holiness are brought in that the atheist and theist part ways.50

the 33 principles

The best known portion of our profession's philosophy was made best famous through R. W. Stephenson, DC, PhC in his 1927 Chiropractic Text Book. In this text he lists the principles of Chiropractic. He does not take credit for these principles as they are the same ones he learned as a student in the early 1920's.

excretory

The coordinative action of cells specialized in ridding the body of toxins and wastes is excretory function. As mentioned, all cells eliminate their own wastes. Excretion from the entire organism is accomplished by cells and tissues whose primary function is excretory. The wastes may be eliminated by vomiting, micturition, skin rash, thermolysis or other means. Toxic conditions may result from aberrant function. CASES: Barry C., a 9-year-old child, was covered with a skin rash that appeared over a single day. Earlier that week a medical doctor had given the child an antibiotic drug to which the child was apparently allergic. His body innately increased excretory function to force the toxin out of his body as efficiently as possible. When the mother called the medic he suggested taking a second medication to stop the excretory rash. The mother decided against this measure and the child recovered once the need for the rash was gone.

universal vs. innate forces

The effects of Universal and Innate Forces upon matter may be likened to urban renewal in the body. Cycles of building up and breaking down exist. Innate Forces are constructive, building up matter. In opposition to this are Universal Forces that serve to break matter down to its most simple components. Tour Innate Intelligence constantly strives to protect and improve upon the structure of your body. In order to achieve this you are constantly being adapted to better deal with destructive forces. This process is hampered by the matter with which your patient's body is made. From Principle 24 you know that the matter is the weak link in the process. Over time it is further weakened by the onslaught of unadapted Universal Forces. There is no escape from the ravages o f these destructive forces. The very function o f your body produces Universal Forces. As an example, free radicals, energy produced by constant and necessary cellular metabolism are destructive to matter. The DNA of the cell is damaged by these small bundles o f energy. The process of cell division then weakens further generations. The end result is that you age. There exists this constant effort to adapt and improve in each of us. It is part of the cycle of life. In order to carry on the universal cycle of life, Universal forces are destructive, and Innate forces constructive, as regards structural matter. (Principle 26)

loss of juxtaposition

The first listed above involves the mechanical disrelationship between the vertebrae in question. As you know, function follows form and this example is no different. When a vertebra is malpositioned, its functional contribution to the integrity of the spine is lost as well.

major premise develops.

The first step in your journey is one based upon formal logic. As has een pre^ntcd in the examples above, you see manifestations of intelligence in tJi» i m j - mmmmm * , * - , , * ~ .......cunsiani oasis. It has theref or eeen deduced that a Universal Intelligence is in all matter and continually gives to it all its properties and actions, thus maintaining it existance rinciplc 1). .Since you will be basing all further deductions upon this Major Premise, it is necessary to dig deeper into not only what is implied by this principle, but equally as important, what is excluded by the specific language o f our premise. In formal logic, the terminology must be given clear meaning at the outset for the deductive process to lead to further conclusions.

sickness and health

The following anonymous article illustrates this most important distinction between Chiropractic and medical philosophies. Not only does this article speak to the point we as Chiropractors recognize, but also serves as an example of educating patients to the views of Chiropractic philosophy in your practice. If you are in a dark room and you turn on a light, what happens to the darkness? The answer is nothing. Darkness is not an entity, it occurs only when the light is removed. If you are "sick" and get well, what happened to the illness? The answer is nothing. Illness is not an entity. An "illness" only occurs when health is removed. What is the definition of health? Health can only occur when a living body can successfully adapt to external invasive forces on a continual basis

occlusion of a foramen

The foraminal alignment of the spine is dependent upon the proper vertebral interrelationship. Therefore when the vertebra is malpositioned, the foramina become functionally occluded. This foraminal occlusion is then the second listed component of the vertebral subluxation. Compromise of Neural Integrity The foramina of the spine form the corridor for neural coordination. When the size, shape and/or position of the foramina become compromised, the nerves that traverse such openings may be affected. This neural compromise is the third component.

no 23. the function of innate intelligence

The function of Innate Intelligence is to adapt universal forces and matter for use in the body, so that all parts of the body w ill have coordinated action for mutual benefit.

no. 23 the function of innate intelligence

The function of Innate Intelligence is to adapt universal forces and matter for use in the body, so that all parts of the body will have coordinated action for mutual benefit.

continued

The impressions of vibrations are drawn to the brain cell through the process of transmission. The force is representative of the intelligence that produced the initial mental impulses in the efferent side of the cycle. Without the action o f the preceding intelligence these vibrations would not occur. The impressions of vibrations arrive at the brain cell. This is where the Innate Intelligence interprets the information it has received through the afferent nerve. The brain cell functions as Innate Intelligence's place of business. The process of the impressions of vibrations reaching the mental realm is recognized as reception. In other words, reception is the intake of afferent information by the innate brain. The Innate Intelligence determines the meaning and significance of the impressions it draws from the tissue cell. This thinking process, as in the efferent side, occurs in the mental realm. Interpretation is the judging by Innate Intelligence of the impressions of vibrations. A transformation from the material to the immaterial realm must occur, as processes involving thought are within the mental realm. After becoming immaterial a judgment can be made as to whether the vibration is normal or abnormal, as function is concerned. The information gleaned by Innate Intelligence from one impression is referred to as a sensation. This unit of information is the culmination of the originating unit of mental impulse. The knowledge may be of an abnormal circumstance in the tissue cell, but the sensation, itself, is never " abnormal." An individual may feel the carpeting under his or her bare feet, but the sensation actually occurs in the brain. This sensation could not be recognized without the mental realm. As the Innate Intelligence accumulates sensations, it builds a more comprehensive and complete picture of the situation. A sensation is merely a single unit, whereas ideation involves a larger sampling of information from many sensations. This allows the most appropriate conclusion to be drawn. This mental picture is permanently retained by the Innate Intelligence for use in judging future interpretations. The intellect that brings together the ideation is of course the Innate Intelligence. It is the judge of all impressions and sets the plan in motion as a response to this information. It is the responsibility of Innate Intelligence to maintain the active organization of the body. The action of Innate Intelligence is intellectual adaptation. This is the plan made by Innate Intelligence in response to circumstances in the body. This is a mental process. The flow of mental current is always changing, as described by the Law of Demand and Supply. The source of the energy used to perform all of the proceeding is Universal Intelligence. As Universal Intelligence is infinite, it can't be properly defined by our limited educated intelligence.

perfection in action

The individual steps of the normal complete cycle are contained within the practical cycle and show no difference of description. As such, you now have a familiarity with what takes place in any general step. In the ideal state, there is no vertebral subluxation to contend with and the breakdown of function, compensatory cycles, the introduction of the adjustic force, and the resultant restoration cycle need not be considered.

the vertebral motion unit

The intervertebral discs of patients' spines have no discemable blood flow to bring nutrients or remove metabolic waste materials after they reach adulthood.62 They are fully dependent upon proper functional motion of the corresponding vertebra to convey nutrients and extract waste materials. In the absence of this proper motion of vertebra, such as you might find in the vertebral subluxation, the discs may begin to degenerate. Chronicity of the vertebral subluxation may be noted by such findings.

the chiropractic lexicon

The meaning, intention and context of your words set the stage for how you, as a Chiropractor, are perceived by your peers and more importantly, your patients. As in any circumscribed field of study the degree of proficiency you achieve in understanding its lexicon has a direct effect upon your ability to grasp new concepts as you move forward in your study. For this reason this chapter is devoted solely to expanding your knowledge base of our unique Chiropractic lexicon. In previous study you have been asked to learn new parameters of terminology specific to particular subjects. Your study here is no different. With a serious attempt to grasp and assimilate your Chiropractic lexicon into your vocabulary, you will find greater ease in your study here.

do universal forces follow moral & ethical laws?

The nature of forces acting upon matter are perceived as physical laws. That is not to say they are following laws, but their manifestations are scientifically noted as laws. You see alighting bolt strike a tree. There are several assumptions to be made. You might decide that this particular tree has been targeted for unethical or immoral tree behavior. A more likely option is that this tree provided a more ideal electrical pathway for this force than the other nearby trees. While this seems logical and obvious consider a parallel example. If you were playing golf during that lightning storm that had struck the tree earlier, and were yourself struck by a bolt of lightning, it could be assumed that the universal force was directed at you for not meeting a moral or ethical standard. Our philosophy follows that the forces o f a Universal Intelligence are unswerving and show no solicitude fo r the structures through which they work. As you know from Chapter 7, there is no standard o f moral or ethical behavior that can protect you from universal forces. It is a major point in your philosophical development to understand that Chiropractic is nonreligious in nature. The recognition o f universal forces as being representations of physical laws, not moral and ethical laws, reinforces this point. (Principle 11) While lightning is a more obvious destructive universal force, what about slow, almost imperceptible universal forces? As an example, snow falls in the high mountains and melts as the seasons change. This trickle of melting snow gravitationally reaches other trickles and eventually forms a rushing stream of water down the mountainside into a river. Over time the frictional force of water wears a canyon in the riverbed. the matter of the rock size and shape is changed through uch wear. The rock has no ability to remove itself from the frictional path of the rushing water. The rock expresses only universal life. It cannot heal, grow or adapt to its circumstances. As living beings we recognize that universal forces act upon us as well. Free radicals are produced as byproducts of normal and natural cellular function. These free radicals w ill cause damage to the DNA of your cells and further replication of damaged DNA during mitosis diminishes the ability of the new cells.55 Over time the damage contributes to the aging process. However, there is a difference between the rock worn by flowing water and the human being in their abilities to adapt, although the universal forces acting upon them do not discriminate between types o f matter.

what is the nature of existance?

The nature of man causes a natural wonder of our own existence. It is this inherent curiosity that drives us to reconcile within ourselves a plausible explanation for the phenomena of being. Evidence of organization is everywhere around us. We can only surmise a cause of order to account for the state o f observable occurrences.

healing begins

The neuromere is no longer under influence of altered mental impulse flow as restoration of flow to the neuromere also occurs. Neuromere cells had to this point suffered from incoordinate function of the vertemere. They are now capable o f coordinative " function." Proper flow of mental impulses is now being received at each individual target cell of the neuromere. Innate Intelligence's architectural plans now begin to become realized in the neuromere target cells (physical personification). The neuromere target cells now express in response to the full flow of mental impulses. Proper function returns and coordination is restored to the previously affected tissue cells. This effort to restore ease for the betterment of the body again is seen. This is viewed clinically through the signs of life and primary functions.

the mission of innate intelligence

The objective o f Innate Intelligence is to develop your body and sustain it in optimal form. As you recall the forces of Universal Intelligence are distinctively unsympathetic towards matter and serve to break matter down. Innate Intelligence conversely seeks to provide constructive measures in the body and provide for the best possible structural development. This completes the cycle by providing a localized intelligence of constructive nature. The mission, therefore, of Innate Intelligence is to maintain the material of the body of a "living thing"in active organization. (Principle 21)

chiropractic bigger picture

The possibilities of Chiropractic become obvious when you consider the diminished adaptability of your body caused by vertebral subluxation. The vertebral subluxation decreases the ability to adapt, which would therefore limit successful constructive survival value. A vertebral subluxation that diminishes the functional capacity of the nerve system, would also limit the healthful and necessary evolutionary process of reverse mutation.Unimpeded, the Innate Intelligence of your body can alter your genetic structure in a small way, thereby improving the accumulative constructive survival value of the species. Over the course of generations, the possibilities are apparent o f what a properly functioning nerve system holds for the future of humanity. Parting thought...Too much or too little It would seem from your study that the comments starting this chapter by B.J. Palmer, while at first seemingly superficial, are actually quite perceptive of reality. Health comes from a cooperative effort of the sum total of cellular function. If any cell has an under or over function to any degree it is no longer contributing to maintain health in the optimum sense. These five primary functions represent the more common of functional derangements in the body contributing to the loss of health. They serve as signposts of transgression from the optimal state of function. It would certainly seem that Dr. Palmer's description of this being too much or too little function has as much validity today as it did

standing the test of time

The principles that will be studied were honed to their present form through interaction and critical analysis by the time they were printed in Dr. Stephenson's text. During the past century of scrutiny there have certainly been attempts to disparage these concepts. There have been attempts to eradicate these premises from Chiropractic philosophy. Such attempts have been exposed for what they stem from, a misguided or incomplete understanding of Chiropractic and its philosophy.4^ The student would do well to remember that point, withholding judgment until a full and proper understanding is reached.

can human variables be eliminated?

The problem enters when we use human subjects. It is an impossibility to remove all variables except one between any two people. Even identical twins are not identical in physiological or neurological makeup. The physiological adaptations or the capacity for adaptation cannot be quantified to the degree to offer reliable data as a result o f human study.

what does intelligence provide

The product of intelligence is thought. In this sense of thought, it is the force provided to maintain the properties of matter and therefore its existence as matter. So you can then determine that the function o f intelligence is to create force (Principle 8). Force is neither intelligence nor matter, but represents the binding agent linking them.

clinical relevance of time

The relevance of time is clinically recognized in various ways. Through your spinal films, or spinographs, you may notice spur formation, disc degeneration and compensatory curvatures. These structural changes do not occur instantaneously. A patient develops these features over a long period. In practice, it will become quickly evident that there is no clinical presentation that is not mired in the ravages oftime. You will certainly encounter many patients who will claim their health has failed very recently. During your Chiropractic analysis, you may find many signs of prolonged adaptational attempts made by the body to curb the gradational loss of health. You will often determine this is likely the result of accumulative damage over a long period of time.

afferent side of the normal complete cycle

The reverse of what has been described thus far is seen through the afferent side of this Normal Complete Cycle. Therefore, it begins with the harmonious action seen in coordination. As in the efferent side of the cycle, the tissue cell is under the direction o f the mental impulse and having no coordinative intellect, is unable to act in a mutinous fashion. During the normal processes occurring within the tissue cell, vibration is produced. The character o f these vibrations is o f significant importance to the cycles that follow. This information is used by the Innate Intelligence in determining future adaptive requirements. These vibrations themselves are not capable of being transmitted. Impressions of vibrations are sensed by Innate Intelligence through the afferent nerve. A simple analogy would be a temperature sensing device that is exposed to the cold weather outside. The temperature outdoors is registered on a gauge indoors. This provides the inhabitant with information to help determine decisions to be made to best suit the outdoor temperature. This is analogous to the afferent relationship between the tissue cell (periphery) and the brain cell (center). Innate intelligence is the decision maker and director in this process. Every tissue cell communicates with the Innate Intelligence in the brain by way of the afferent nerve.

what about cancer

The scientific research community has long been attempting to find the cause of cancer. A question that needs to be answered is, 'What causes the first cell to become cancerous? ' Cancerous tissues are not providing a coordinated function for the betterment of the body as a whole. They are renegade cells, purely focused on self-interests. A succinct list of characteristics of such cells that is most appropriate for you to consider.6' Six Abnormal Capabilities of Cancer Cells 1) Self-generate growth cues 2) Ignore anti-growth cues released from surrounding tissues 3) Disable or override mechanisms launching cellular apoptosis (cell suicide) 4) Lack an intrinsic limit on the number of times a cell can divide. 5) Produce chemicals to encourage new blood vessel growth. 6) Immune to signals and forces that hold a cell in place (to prevent mobility to other tissues) These attributes are hallmarks of cancer cells. Through genetic alteration, the controlling mechanisms for cellular proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis are lost and cancer develops.66 A number of mutated genes causing cancer were originally in direct control cell division. One pathway should have restricted proliferation of cells, while the second would have triggered apoptosis. If the inherent mechanism put in place is damaged, a cancer develops. Without this coordination in place, cells will divide that may not have otherwise. In human cells, D N A replication is controlled by external stimuli.67 Before this phase of cell division, the cell can be forced into cellular suicide, or apoptosis. Deprived of external stimuli not to divide or even to kill itself, the cancer cell reproduces and the tumor begins. You can see from the descriptions and examples that these signs of life have important significance to your practice. These signs are manifestation of an inborn or Innate Intelligence. When there is an alteration in the orderly expression of these signs, you must consider if the sign may be altered as a result of a vertebral subluxation

by hand only

The second term, by hand only, has caused unnecessary division within the profession. Many may have misconstrued this to be a declaration against instrument adjusting (i.e.—Atlas Orthogonal, Pettibon, etc). Consider the reasons why this term was included. In the developmental years of Chiropractic there was a concern that medical practitioners, more accurately, surgeons might invade the Practice of Chiropractic. Remember, there were many medics who became Chiropractors in those early years. Most likely this concern developed from discussions of this possibility with those medics becoming Chiropractors. Be that as it may, the major reason had nothing to do with instrument adjusting, but was to separate Chiropractic from the practice of surgery. The following is quoted horn the National Chiropractic Association (now American Chiropractic Association) author, Dr. Budden. "On the basis of prior arts rights...adjustments of the spine by hand for the purpose ol correcting malalignments is clearly the property of the surgeons. This argument was made to equate Chiropractic with surgery by a Chiropractor, against the profession itself. From such writings it can be seen that the perceived threat of the surgeons was very real at the time. D.D. and B.J. Palmer had to defend the inclusion of Chiropractic under a surgeon's license from not only outside the profession, but also from some Chiropractic groups, as noted in the quote above/ There was certainly interest from the medical field of surgery during the early 1900's era of defining the Chiropractic profession.6 Cases of the reduction of atlanto-axial subluxation by surgeons were being published in medical literature. While this type of procedure is obviously surgery, the science and neurological rationale giving rise to it is most certainly Chiropractic in nature. While D.D. Palmer was not referring to 'hand' adjusting, he did make statements concerning inherent weaknesses in the use of devices. B.J. Palmer did not feel instrument adjusting was appropriate due to the fact that patient relaxation could not be perceived properly to time the adjustic thrust. The issue of sensing patient relaxation is repeated throughout his writings. Dr. D. D. Palmer spoke more to the point of using tools to adjust.

what about the sense of self

The sensory division o f exteroception has a counterpart that draws data from stimuli occurring inside your body. This innate knowledge of what is occurring within the cells of the entire body at every moment in time is known as interoception. As you know from earlier explanation, since the physiologic afferent pathways o f interoception were not established to any degree until roughly the end of the 20th century these afferent pathways were described as being theoretical in nature by Dr. Stephenson in 1927.

what about the control of the original receptor cell

The special sense receptor is also like any other tissue cell in that it has an efferent neural connection to the brain cell. Such a description of interoceptive sense, or constant sense of all cellular function, is considered through the normal complete and practical cycles.

efferent side of the normal complete cycle

The study of the Normal Complete Cycle is the study of life. To fully comprehend Chiropractic philosophy, one must start at the beginning. A ll perceived organization is an expression o f a pervading intelligence. This is the first step of the cycle— Universal Intelligence. The presence of a Universal Intelligence is definable only be manifestations that can be perceived. These manifestations of laws imply an organizing intelligence generates them. Living matter is bestowed with a special level of organization termed Innate Intelligence. This Innate Intelligence is that definable portion of Universal Intelligence that maintains a specific portion of matter in active organization. Innate Intelligence, through the process of intellectual adaptation, protects the structure of the body and accommodates it to the conditions o f the environment. The Innate Intelligence of the body is a power that reasons. Anything manifested is a product of thought. Innate Intelligence conducts thought processes in the mental realm. Innate Intelligence is the creator in the same sense as an architect. An architect does not create the wood, steel, and glass used in creating a structure, but causes those materials to exist in a particular manner.

one cause- one cure

The term one cause—one cure has been a lightning rod for the ill- informed for decades. There is but one cause for departure from heath, the body's inability to relate to itself or its environment. Consider some of the cases presented in this text. Myasthenia gravis, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's, autoimmune thrombocytopenia and many others are medically classified under autoimmune conditions. As discussed earlier in this chapter, autoimmune refers to a self-recognition problem. This fits the definition of one cause quite well. In a larger sense when the innate control over tissue cell function is diminished, it results in a disconnect between requirements and the received instructions at the tissue cell. Recall that the function of Innate Intelligence is perfect. An interference to the lines of communication can cause disharmony of function in the body and as you already know, a departure from health w ill result. As for one cure, there is little argument with the concept behind this term. The one cure is the body's ability to heal itself. From time to time you may hear someone refer to the one cause being the vertebral subluxation and the one cure being therefore the Chiropractic adjustment. While individuals may be well-intentioned, the reality is that this is simply a misconception. An interference to communication may occur between the brain and body. It is this interference that sets the stage for the discussion of Chiropractic's input to the one cause—one cure concept. It is also the subject of the following chapter.

innate forces and adaptation

The tissue cells act in accordance to the directions they receive through the mental impulses from the brain cell. The mental impulses are an example of an innate force. As Innate Intelligence is incapable of offering a destructive force, the opportunity for harm from mental impulses is impossible. Mental impulses are directives sent to the tissue cells to cause them to function in a specific manner for that particular moment. As the needs of your body change the instructions w ill change so that the body continues to adapt to its external and internal environments.

function and vertebral subluxation

The tissue cells of your body function as directed by the mental impulses. What they construct from those plans is referred to as physical personification. Physical personification is as the finished building is to the architect's plans. If a construction crew receives a restricted amount of instructions to build a building, the resulting building is less than that initially designed by the architect. As the mental impulses have been interfered with in their quantity, the resulting expression of the vertemere cell is abnormal. You will recall that the function of a tissue cell is to provide proper function to the needed degree for the betterment of the entire body. Deprived of the controlling influence of proper mental impulse flow, the tissue cells will perform their functions to a greater or lesser degree than that required of them. This translates as an increased or decreased function. Since the proper function and coordination of your body requires each tissue cell to do its part, the process of cellular coordination fails at the vertemere. This lack of harmony caused specifically from a vertebral subluxation is referred to as incoordination or dis-ease within the vertemere. Without coordinate activity the vertemere is unable to function to correct the vertebral subluxation alone and therefore the vertebral subluxation remains.

spinographic assessment

The use of spinography in Chiropractic dates back to the first spinal x- ray taken by Dr. B.J. Palmer in 1910. He coined the term spinograph to describe the radiographic exploration of the spine to determine the positional alignment o f spinal segments. Chiropractors have continued the use of spinographs to assess the vertebral alignment over the last century. Spinographs can provide evidence used in deductive reasoning to determine the presence o f the first two components of the vertebral subluxation. The first component, loss of juxtaposition can be ascertained through many varied methods of visualization and line drawings. The encroachment of neural foramina, the second component, can then be deductively concluded from the presence of the first. Foraminal encroachment may also be visually observed directly from certain spinographic views.

is vertebral subluxation involved

The vertebral subluxation is covered in far greater detail in Chapter 23— Vertebral Subluxation and Chapter 27— Practical Cycle. But it would be improper not to touch on this central theme of Chiropractic's existence. To this point, the clinical application of our Chiropractic philosophy may not have been obvious. For many pages you have been building the case using formal logic to provide a foundation for clinical application of your new knowledge. From the standpoint of Chiropractic, this category of incoordination, known as dis-ease, can occur only when there is interference to the transmission of mental impulses, which in turn prevents the process of intellectual adaptation from taking place. This interference occurs through a concussion of forces that causes a vertebral subluxation. The vertebral subluxation is a misalignment of adjacent vertebra that impairs neurologic structure and function, therefore impeding the conduction of the mental impulse supply. The malposition of spinal segments produces pressure upon a nerve that leads to this interference. This interference then initiates incoordination or dis-ease due to the diminished flow of instructional mental impulses. It can then be logically understood that interference with transmission in the body is always directly or indirectly due to subluxations in the spinal column. (Principle 31) Effects neurologically downstream from the vertebral subluxation will occur by necessity. These tissue cells will perform at a less than optimum level than that intended by Innate Intelligence and performance of the body as a whole suffers.

all the way back to DD palmer

The writings of D.D. Palmer offered many of these principles years earlier, although in different wording. The majority of what came to be articles. To clarify some of these principles, the original statements of the Founder as well as more contemporary viewpoints will be used in their explication.

does innate intelligence have recourse?

There are circumstances where Innate Intelligence can remove educated intelligence from the equation. Innate Intelligence can withdraw mental impulse supply to the educated brain. This may result in fainting or in the more serious extent— coma. During circumstances where your body is in a very weak condition or resources for healing are at peril, your Innate Intelligence may cause withdrawal of mental impulse supply for extended periods of time. The coma is an example of this. Your body may be so severely depleted that the energy required for healing may be at a threshold level. In a triage like manner, your Innate Intelligence will slow fingernail and hair growth, stop menstrual cycles and if necessary, end consciousness. This is a perfectly normal and natural circumstance as a last ditch effort to preserve life. When the educated brain as an organ provides less immediate worth than the value of organs needed for survival you enter a coma.

the clinical portal of chiropractic

There are many concepts that you have learned to this point that provide the theoretical basis for your philosophy of health. With the discussion of vertebral subluxation the realm of clinical application is entered. It is the vertebral subluxation the bridges the philosophical with the clinical aspects of Chiropractic care. A philosophy, no matter how logical , as no basis for existence without having application to reality. Chiropractic philosophy is certainly no exception.

chapter 15

There are only TWO diseases: too much or too little function. —B.J. Palmer, DC, PhC What is a cell's function? You certainly recognize that there are specific cells in the body that are best-suited for specific tasks. This is a basic understanding that the form of any tissue cell dictates its function. A bone cell cannot perform the function of a heart cell. Nor can the bone cell immediately change its form to that of a heart cell. It is destined for its specific functional parameters by its design. So, what is it that could define the function o f a cell in a universal sense? The function of a tissue cell is the coordinative service it renders the body as a whole. Cells do not function on an island of their own. The entire body is dependent upon optimal function to maintain health. Imagine an orchestra with its many different instruments designed specifically for certain qualities of sound. The orchestra has a conductor who gives specific instruction to the musicians. If you were to blindfold some of the musicians, how would the harmonious action of the whole orchestra function? The notes would be off key and appear random. Certain instruments would come in at the wrong moments, derail the orchestra would suffer from the lack of coordination. Coordination is the principle of harmonious action of all the parts of an organism in fulfilling their offices and purposes; the harmonious cooperative action of the tissue cells, controlled and synchronized by Innate Intelligence.68 (Principles 23 and 32) Each cell has a primary function it is designed to perform in its role that contributes to the harmony within the body. This harmony of primary functions results in optimum health. When a cell does not function properly, you have incoordination.

informed reasoning

There are several distinctions which separate inform al reasoning. The first is that the claim can not be defined from the terms used. This means that if you proposed, "If Chiropractors are permitted to prescribe drugs, we w ill be lost as a profession. " W ithin your statement are terms which have a broad scope of meanings. You would need to define what it means to be Tost' as well as what it means to be a 'profession'. Such informal models are loaded with verbiage that does not avail itself to formal (deductive) reasoning. There are multiple levels of meaning that could be interjected into the debate. This would serve to cause great discord and confusion. What this means is that you cannot dissect the argument from the language used in stating the case. In deductive, or formal logic, there cannot be value judgments in play. The meaning of Tost as a profession' cannot be held to a specific definition and therefore is not allowed to be considered deductively. The language itself has meanings that cannot be brought to a distinct focus. Secondly, informal logic produces conclusions not contained within the initial premise or premises. Conclusions are results of accumulated past experiences. The state of the Chiropractic profession or how outcomes will affect its future need not be considered as the consequence in an informal reasoning process. Through a grueling process the positive and negatives of prescriptions and their value would be considered. They would consider the science, morality and the worth of the deed of prescribing. The assertion is fully considered while the consequence would not be at or even near the focus. They are seeking new information, no matter the outcome or conclusion that results. the premises about drugs may be accurate. So may the premises of the morality and science behind prescribing. The conclusion may point to the obvious concept that prescribing makes sense for the Chiropractic profession. But it may still be that we should not really allow prescriptions to be written by Chiropractors in actuality. The conclusions of informal 1" reasoning, unlike those of formal deductive reasoning reach conclusions that always contain levels of inaccuracy.

no 22 the amount of innate intelligence

There is 100% of Innate Intelligence in every " living thing,' the requisite amount, proportional to its organization.

intelligence and matter united

There is a natural progression of thought concerning the interrelationship of intelligence and matter. You see the limitations of your perceptive abilities as regards such daunting questions of all existence things material. You have never actually seen the hydrogen atom with its single electron in orbit, but recognize its orderly existence. Without the presence o f matter it would be impossible for intelligence to be noticeably expressed. The physical properties afford our educated study of order. If this union between intelligence and matter ceased to exist, the matter itself would cease to exist. You can therefore deduce formally that life is necessarily the union o f intelligence and matter (Principle 3).

all types of matter express force

There is a necessity for the application of intelligence to organize all matter. Both the child and rock in the examples above express Universal Intelligence as deduced from your major premise (Principle 1) and are recipients o f the binding force. Matter of no kind can exist without the application of force by intelligence (Principle 15). At the basic molecular and subatomic levels there is no difference between an atom of water in a puddle and a similar atom in your body. I he structures o f both types o f matter are dependent upon organization for their existence. It can therefore be realized that Universal Intelligence gives force to both organic and inorganic matter. (Principle 16)

the cause

There is but one cause of incoordination in the body, the body s inability to relate to itself or its environment. This lack of coordination is a perceptual relationship problem between the brain cell and the tissue cells under its influence. So, when patients request to feel better, the medical model is unbeatable. A medical practitioner can give a shot of some form of narcotic to eliminate perception in that patient before you can take a spinograph film . So, the question then becomes do you want patients to feel better or feel better? To feel better is to be rid of unpleasant sensation. To feel better is to better be able to perceive sensation. The difference is one of deadening or heightening self perception between the brain and tissue cells. If you take a drug to ward off the discomfort of a headache, you may feel better, but is the real problem gone? Are headaches caused by a lack of drugs in the bloodstream? Is the screeching smoke detector caused by the presence of the battery or the smoke? Removing the battery is analogous to the drug and the ability to hear the alarm is the ability to perceive warning signals from your body. Your body may offer that warning to cause you to put sunglasses on while in the bright sun or to get more rest, it may also cause you to consider getting glasses to decrease eyestrain. The headache may cause a patient to contact your office to get checked for a vertebral subluxation. All of those warning signs may also be alleviated, temporarily by drugs. The larger point is that you must consider the concept of the cause for the smoke alarm, not merely the noise itself.

Momentum

There w ill rarely be a clinical presentation that is as uncomplicated in its course as it seems subjectively to the patient. Your body is constantly striving to adapt you to your environment. Clinical manifestations include not only damage incurred thus far. but also the adaptations made to attempt to meet those circumstances. There is a concept called momentum that aids in understanding clinical expectations. Health is the responsibility of the individual patient; it is not yours to provide or deny them. Imagine that health is a balance sheet. You can choose to add or subtract from this balance sheet by making positive or negative choices. The decision has been made to have a diet drastically lacking in the nutrients that meet your individual requirements. You also rarely get rest as needed and have a poor mental attitude. As a hobby, boxing at a local gym has caused much physical Punishment over your years. You have never considered the idea of eeing a Chiropractor to be checked for vertebral subluxation. Aside from that gastrointestinal symptoms have been a problem for many years and the daily aches and pains have been kept at bay by the medications you have taken for years. Upon strolling into a Chiropractor you expect health to be quickly restored. The spinal analysis reveals ankylosed vertebrae and reversed cervical curvature with several degenerated discs. What direction would you feel the momentum of health has been heading in this patient's case? How would that affect the response to the Chiropractic adjustment? Does it seem feasible that a patient with a negative health momentum will not hold an adjustment well? The frequency that they need to be seen would logically be higher in relation to another case where better choices have been made and less chronicity exists.

calorific

Thermal energy is produced as a derivative of cellular activity. This is not always as a Primary Function. More frequently this heat is a side- effect of the cell performing its Primary Function. Glandular tissues which provide the thermostatic functions of the body are considered calorific. The sweat glands and blood vasculature within the skin would be an example of such. Any other tissue cells Innate Intelligence uses for thermoregulation of the body, no matter the extent would be considered in calorific function. Fever may be either adaptive or pathologic in nature. Though most commonly adaptive, there are rare instances where a defect in the thalamus or a spinal cord injury cause an inability to regulate temperature. Through experiments performed to eliminate the influence of the sympathetic nerve system in animals, it was discovered that if animals were surgically deprived o f the neurologic supply for flight-or- flight response, they could survive only if kept in a suitable climate.69 They were no longer able to control and coordinate their body temperature. Neurologic control of thermal regulation is the basis for spinal skin temperature findings presented in Chapter 30. CASE STUDY: Claudia D., a 61-year-old woman entered our office for care. Throughout her life she had been subjected to a constant state of having the palms of her hands and soles of her feet had constantly sweat profusely. Days after beginning her course of Chiropractic care, she reported that the sweating had completely ceased. She had been to many medics and specialists over her life to attempt to find the cause of her lifelong problem. The sweat glands require a proper autonomic balance to function in a coordinate manner. A simple, but specific Chiropractic adjustment is what her body required to restore proper calorific function.

chiropractic use of thermography

Thermography has been a subject o f study in Chiropractic since D.D. Palmer first began to include this type of analysis in April 1904.106 Dossa Evins, DC provided the first device that measured both sides of the spine simultaneously and in 1924 it was introduced to the profession this neurocalometer or NCM had bilateral thermal probes to measure each side of the dermamere and a needle gauge that offered illustration of thermal variance between the opposing sides. the needle on the dial would deflect away from the side of lower temperature. In 1936 this meter was coupled to a graphing unit—the neurocalograph (NCGH).108 Built for B.J. Palmer by his engineer Otto Scherienbeck, the neurocalograph provided two new important functions. It plotted a graphical representation of thermal findings and also offered a permanent printed record for comparison. This knowledge gave way to pattern work. Chiropractic researchers followed patients graphs visit by visit and soon found that predictable patterns appeared in each individual patient. Once they established the pattern present when a particular patient was subluxated they were able to use this information to determine the need for delivering a Chiropractic adjustment. Although various forms of thermal assessment have evolved of the years, they have all shared commonalities with the principles of physics and science of the original NCM. In the 1980's an engineer named Roger Titone developed an instrument that measured these findings of the dermamere using computerized infrared technology.109 His instrument provided a computerized data system for such measurement. You will often see clinically that the side of neurologic loss of a paired dermamere will display a significantly lower temperature. While you are cautioned not to make a clinical deduction on this singular finding, it has been a well-documented phenomenon. Although Dr. Marshall Himes had written on the subject hypothesizing on this unilateral shift of proximal dermamere and its neurological meaning over 30 years ago, modem medical science has only more recently found agreement with his explanation.110 Nerve root irritation is manifest by an ipsilateral temperature decrease in the corresponding dermatome. In peripheral nerve injuries, although an acute nerve injury results in a temperature increase in the area of nerve distribution, the area becomes colder during later stages of the injury. The area of thermal abnormality remains confined to the area of distribution of the injured nerve.111 The loss of ability to react to the internal and external environment suggests the diminished neurologic function and the accompanying interference to the flow of mental impulses has led to such. As a Chiropractor you are seeking information to suggest the existence of this fourth component, the interference to the flow of mental impulse supply. Such an analytical tool is not only quite logical and relevant, but also completely non-invasive and incapable of harming your patients. While this method of analysis is purely objective, it is not intended to be considered as the sole evidence of vertebral subluxation in your practice, h is to serve here only as a philosophically-sound model of objective analysis for determination of the third and fourth components of vertebral subluxation.

other means of spinal analysis

Thermography is but an example of a means to measure neurologic assessment and the adaptational function of your patients. These factors represent the third and fourth components of the vertebral subluxation. There are other means used in Chiropractic including, but not limited to, leg length inequality, heart rate variability, surface EMG, and/or functional muscular findings. The purpose of this text is not to teach all methods of spinal analysis, but to highlight the importance of the clinical quest for the four components of the vertebral subluxation in your practice. It is left to you to seek philosophically-sound means to determine the presence or absence of vertebral subluxation in your patients. The quality of care you can deliver to your patients is determined largely by your ability to perform a proper and thorough search for the presence and character o f the vertebral subluxation. It is only after such determination that an adjustic thrust can be applied to the most appropriate and exacting standards.

the cycle that started chiropractic

These cycles are important in not only your everyday practice, but also in the very founding of Chiropractic by Dr. D.D. Palmer over a century ago. There have been many cases of each of these special senses being adversely affected by vertebral subluxation. It is only through a full comprehension of the intricacies of Chiropractic philosophy that theories may be advanced and shown as scientifically supported, like the afferent nerve once theorized by Dr. B.J. Palmer and now part of commonplace anatomical scientific knowledge.

the fabled curse of chiropractic

These first two attributes blend into each other and we w ill discuss them together. The lack o f comprehension o f these statements caused some confusion within the profession from at least one author due to removing Stephenson's words from his written context.87 In his 1927 text, Stephenson makes the point that his students were often initially under the impression that when the flow o f mental impulses is interfered with by vertebral subluxation, they are "dammed back" as flowing water might be. It was his contention that a student believing that the flow of mental impulses being dammed back was the curse of Chiropractic.88It was wrongly reported that Stephenson was implying that a vertebral subluxation does not interfere with the flow of mental impulses.8) The factual viewpoint of our philosophy is that the vertebral subluxation interferes with the flow of mental impulses in a comparable analogy to a light switch. When a switch is flipped to the off position, electricity is not dammed back behind the switch, flooding the light with a surge of pent-up electricity when turned on again. Wafter-flow views of the mental impulse supply lead students to see the interference to mental impulse supply from vertebral subluxation as being "piled up" behind the vertebral subluxation. Elimination of the vertebral subluxation would cause a flood of mental impulses into the tissue cells.

Does all matter express intelligence?

This concept again provides reiteration of the theme of organization. This may seem to be repetitious in some ways, but is there reason behind the method? What does this principle offer to your flow of logic? Before you examine these questions, it may be prudent to first consider the term life in the broadest sense.

what makes them so special?

This cycle is different from others in that it begins in the periphery. Foi your purposes here you w ill be considering the route o f a single stimulus from the receptor to the brain and back through this special sense cycle. it is also distinctive in that the afferent nerve was described by Dr. Stephenson as being theoretical, not physical, as the afferent nerves, noted in the previous cycles had been at that time. Until very recently, scientists and anatomists had a lack o f understanding and were unable to identify the neurologic afferent pathway. It was a scientific mystery how information of cellular activity was known in the brain. Dr. Palmer and his contemporaries knew that there had to be such a pathway, but determined it best to leave it labeled as theoretical until science was able to explain phenomena o f this nature. The exception to this necessary theoretical label was one category of afferent nerves that were well-described scientifically at that time— specifically, those that offered data o f the external environment. By the end of the 19th century science had well identified pathways for the five known senses. For that reason, the tissues involved with stimuli from the environment were considered in the special sense cycles. Science was at a comfortable point with knowledge related to these functions of sight, taste, smell feeling and sound. Most of these are obvious by their name, but feeling includes hot, cold and tactile sensation. These five senses are known as exteroception, being triggered by stimuli to the external body.

What about fetuses causing harm to the mother?

This is an issue that often is wrongly determined onemotions and personal belief systems. Chiropractically,this is not a discussion of "when life begins," but a deductive exercise using gathered evidence. Having its own Innate Intelligence, the developing child w ill work toward its own best interests, even if they are contrary to the mother's. Since the developing infant can produce fetal antigens, for example, that cause harm to the mother you deduce that the fetus has its own Innate Intelligence. It is rare that your logic and reasoning processes w ill not bring clarity to issues of philosophic uncertainty. It remains clear that the forces of Innate Intelligence never injure or destroy the structures in which they work. (Principle 25)

what is a special sense cycle

This is the complete story of your body's relationship to its external environment through sensors specifically designed for detecting occurrences in its surroundings. When you come upon a scent, sight, taste, sound or tactile stimulus, it is perceived and acted upon through special sense cycles. The Special Sense Cycle has a tremendous importance in Chiropractic in both clinical and historical importance. In 1895 a man named Harvey Lillard that owned a janitorial service, was the recipient of the first Chiropractic adjustment. By removal of the interference of the vertebral subluxation, Mr. Lillard's hearing was restored.100 As such, this cycle plays a major role in the founding of your profession of Chiropractic.

a chiropractic simple cycle

This is the most basic view of the communication of a brain cell with a specific tissue cell under its control. Any misunderstood concepts here will cause additional confusion through any and all cycles discussed within our philosophic framework. You are advised to have a thorough and complete working knowledge of this cycle before moving forward in the text. The simple cycle has been a staple classic of Chiropractic education for over 100 years. This is a philosophic tool which provides an easy way to learn the basic concepts of Chiropractic. The simple cycle is also known as the safe typing cycle due to its shape, as you see in the diagram on the following page. The top circle of the safety-pin represents the Brain Cell (BC) and the lower circle is a dependent Tissue Cell (TC). The side of the pin without the clasp is the afferent nerve of the cycle. The side with the clasp is the efferent nerve that serves as the conduit for mental impulses. There are several reasons for this designation of the placement of the "clasp" in the illustration. As you already understand, the result of vertebral subluxation is an interference to the mental impulse supply. Mental impulses originate from the BC end of the cycle. Since mental impulses are only transmitted on the efferent side, the vertebral subluxation will, by necessity, be considered in this portion o f the cycle's route. The two sides o f the simple cycle are the communication lines between the brain and body, afferently and efferently. The afferent pathway is the means by which an Innate Intelligence gathers information concerning the status of the body and the environment to the brain cell. Mental impulses produced are sent to the tissue cell via the efferent nerve.

chiropractic defined

This may seem like a rhetorical question. After all, who would initiate a career in a profession whose definition was ambiguous or vague? How can you be expected to devote the next four decades o f your life to an ill-defined existence? Is it up to the Chiropractor to decide what Chiropractic is? Does each architect, dentist and mechanical engineer decide what their profession is, or are there standards of theory and practice that define them as members of their individual groups? In order to explore the intricacies of Chiropractic philosophy it is essential that we define our terms. This first chapter discusses this issue in detail.

is it cause or only correlation

This phenomenon often leads to confusing a simple correlation with a causal relationship. The mistakenly defined cause could actually be a secondary effect of the real cause. You must also remember that just because some event precedes a second event, it may not necessarily be the cause. A patient has been medically diagnosed with having a stomach ulcer. It is natural for him/her to ask the MD what caused the ulcer. Researchers have found Heliobacter Pylori bacteria in many such ulcers.32 The patient is told that the bacteria have caused the ulceration, and the use o f an antibiotic w ill eliminate the bacteria and therefore the ulcer w ill heal. The real question is, " Are the bacteria truly the cause, or are they a secondary effect of the true cause?" Taking into consideration that the opposing walls o f the stomach w ill contact each other when the stomach is empty, why is there not an ulceration on the opposing surface? This is a logical question for you to consider. If you take a Petri dish with an established colony of bacteria and using a second bacteria- free Petri dish of similar composition touch the surfaces together momentarily, what will happen? The second Petri dish will, with a very high degree of probability, begin to grow a colony of the bacteria. Why does this not occur in this case of an ulcer? You could argue that this is a special variety of Heliobacter Pylori only able to grow on the dorsal surface of the stomach wall. A second and strangely common consideration is that instances of this sort are based upon luck. This, while hardly scientific, is heard often and strangely accepted in matters °i health. In such an instance, the laws o f cause and effect are subverted. " Sorry, you are just unlucky!" This is a far more common excuse for loss o f health than most recognize. Tissues o f the body do not suddenly malfunction without a cause. The other option is that the neurologically controlled immune defense function is diminished in a particular area of tissue, making it ripe for bacterial growth. The weakness provides an avenue of infiltration into that tissue.

does vertebral subluxation effect special sense cycles

This question is important for several reasons. One of the points raised by skeptics is that the sense of taste, smell, sight and hearing are contained completely within the skull. Given that theory, how can vertebral subluxation have an effect upon these functions? It is only through foil understanding o f the functional anatomy that this fallacy o f logic can be seen. The purpose of this text is not to serve as an anatomy text, but it is known that the origination of many cranial nerve nuclei at the level of the atlas in the brainstem.102Distortion of form or shape interferes with function. There are several theories of vertebral subluxation involving torsion and other mechanical strain upon the cord that may play a role in such cases.103 Vertebral subluxation affecting special sense cycles may also be a subject of autonomic dystonia. By interfering with the sympathetic nerve system originating from the upper thoracic spine and traveling cephalically to the brain, a vertebral subluxation may interrupt function of these senses. An interruption of this autonomic tone may therefore be responsible as well. The special sense of feeling may easily be understood to be under the possible influence of vertebral subluxation. These fibers arise from all surfaces of the body. There are many outside the cranial vault. It is commonplace to hear of patients with a loss or increase of sensation over a dermatome. Having alterations of perceptions to heat and cold are also relatively routine. Sensations of temperature and pressure from the outside world are widely accepted to be interfered with by vertebral subluxation. Of the special sense cycles, thermoregulation is by far the most easily understood, but the neural science o f today fully supports models for the other special senses as well.

growth

This sign of life is defined as the ability to expand to maturity according to an intelligent plan. There exists within each and every organism an innate control of growth. This quality determines the parameters of growth in both amount and direction. Proliferation of cellular outgrowth below or above the innate plan may suggest a lack of coordination within the body. Either of these mentioned alterations may develop due to other factors. As growth is intimately linked to assimilation, any deficiency or excess of assimilation could be the factor involved in alterations of growth.

failed adaptation of force

Though the mental impulse is designed for the purpose of causing the cells of the vertemere to adapt the invasive force, the tissues may be overcome due to their inherent structural capabilities. Without this proper organized reinforcement the supported position cannot be maintained and the positional displacement of vertebrae may occur. When the concussion of invasive and resistive forces at the vertemere results in a failure to adapt the invasive universal force, vertebral subluxation occurs.

interference of neural integrity

Thus far what you have covered in the previous three steps may be viewed with some degree o f accuracy as a simple neuropathy. It is not until the information transmitted via the nerve system is considered that the fourth component is found— interference to the flow of mental impulses. Scientists have for generations put forth doctrine under the guise of definitive science to describe communicative function within the body. It is still the common practice to elaborate upon the classic theory of nerve membrane polarization/depolarization. Neurophysiologists and physicists alike agree that this long held theory holds little scientific validity in explaining the speed of neural function; there is much left unexplained by science.83 The delays inherent in current neural theory far exceed neurologic reality of known speed of intrabrain communication. This is not to say that these membrane theories hold no validity whatsoever. They simply cannot fully account for brain-body communication at this time. Chiropractors recognize the intelligent process of communication using the term mental impulse. Remember, mental impulse is not considered as part of the nerve impulse either. This w ill be elaborated upon in subsequent chapters.

disrelationship of continguous spinal structures

To determine the specific relationship of spinal segments you must first have consideration of where they should be. While you have an understanding of spinal anatomy, what determines vertebral position? What is normal? There is a range of motion that can be seen from study of a bare spine. One noticeable distinction is seen from the inferior articulation of the C2 vertebra down through the sacral plateau. Each of these included intervertebral relationships has interosseous locks that limit motion. Above this area, Occ-Cl-C2, there are no osseous facets to limit motion in such a manner. Vertebral subluxation exists within the osseous ranee of motion. H that were not true, vertebral subluxation would necessitate fracture oi the articular locking mechanisms. Spinal anatomy is of the utmost importance to the practicing chiropractic. It is up to the individual student to consider the vertebral subluxation as she/he learn the anatomical structure o f the spine and the structural integrity of the muscles, ligaments, and cartilaginous and other supporting tissues throughout the differing vertemere levels. For any vertemere, there are factors beyond the osseous structure that determine the alignment of the vertebrae. There are also misalignments that play a role in maintaining integrity of the relationship between vertebrae.

trauma

Traumatism is a word used by D.D. Palmer at that time to describe a physically traumatic event. This type of stress typically requires the least effort for the student to understand. It seems quite logical to deduce that a physical invasive force may be responsible for a vertebral subluxation. You have certainly had occurrences where you received a force through a fall, car accident, striking your head or countless other instances where this feasibility seems quite apparent. What about other forces of the physical world, such as gravity? Do your patients relate their spinal structure over time to gravity? Most certainly they do. Their body will cause lateral curvature to the spine in compensation to a laterally wedged vertebra. In such a case this is normal and intelligent response to such circumstances. When the force exerted upon their body becomes too great to adapt, vertebral subluxation may occur.

order of chaos

U illustration of this point, consider a simple food web seen in nature. Kelp beds off the Western coast of America are fed upon by sea urchins. Sea otters live among these beds and feed upon the sea urchins keeping Ihe growth of kelp beds in equilibrium. This system, under natural circumstances, functions smoothly. In recent years this has been upset by over-fishing in the costal waters. Due to a decreased supply of fish to feed upon, sea lion and seal populations fishing in the open waters drop. Orcas. or killer whales, are forced to move into the shallower coastline and feed upon sea otters. As the sea otter numbers dropped the sea urchins in turn overpopulated and the kelp beds began to disappear. In this instance, as in many others, man has upset the delicate balance in nature.

the afferent nerve and vertebral subluxation

Until this recent time Chiropractic philosophy alone held that there was a path for the retrieval of cellular status from the periphery (tissue cells) to the center (brain cell). This now brings forth a new question. Could the vertebral subluxation also deform the afferent nerve? Now that a pathway has been determined, it would certainly seem possible. However, it must involve the efferent nerve to be a vertebral subluxation as the mental impulse flow must experience interference. By interfering with the structure of the afferent nerve, a less than needed amount of vibrational cellular data can be drawn to the brain cell. Since Innate Intelligence of your body is perfect, the mental impulses created are perfect as well. It is impossible to have improper quality of mental impulses. The only recourse for Innate Intelligence, deprived of bits of needed data, is not to create mental impulses for those missing bits of data. This also causes interference to the flow of mental impulses along the efferent nerve back to the tissue cell. What this means is that no matter which side of the pathway of communication is interfered with, the end result is an interference to the flow of mental impulses on the efferent side o f the cycles.

thermal representation of adaaptation

Using the high degree of predictability of nerve supply to the proximal dermamere seems logical, but how can function here be measured? What functions does the skin of the dermamere provide? Skin is physically protective against the external environment; it provides waterproof separation to the outside world. Skin also provides a Perceptive function through the presence of receptors within it. It has several excretory functions as well. But all these mentioned functions are not reliably accessible in a Chiropractic setting. One other function is calorific regulation. It is the regulation of temperature in the body that provides the window to the adaptational state that you seek. Your body regulates its temperature through the skin by the precise control of vascular beds of the related dermis. These vascular beds are innately controlled by the hypothalamus through autonomic control. The shift of autonomic function decreased sympathetic influence, or toward from parasympathetic dominance, causes increased vasoconstrictive tone of vasculature in the dermatome. This results in decreased heat elimination of the dermamere. It is not a point of scientific contention that the neurologic control of thermoregulation of the dermamere is both measurable and reliable.104If you measure the temperature at a single level o f the neuromere to what can you compare this data? It has been established nearly a century ago through Chiropractic study, and more recently by medical science that a similar measurement of the opposing proximal dermamere provides a comparative site for analysis.10^ This means that you can take thermal measurements bilaterally along the spine and gain valuable insight as to function o f various spinal levels.

vertebral subluxation and the efferent nerve

We recognize that the intelligent action of the brain cell is necessary in creating harmonious action of the cells of your body. This intelligent function is one of efferent supply. Given the necessity for the vertebral subluxation to interfere with the flow of mental impulses along the efferent nerve, it follows that the interference must compromise this efferent path. This concept is fairly straightforward. Vertebral Subluxation & the Afferent Nerve? The afferent nerve function o f proper transmission o f accurate data is vital for an inborn or Innate Intelligence to create proper instructions for altering tissue cell function. Using an analogy of a mirror as the afferent nerve's function, what would occur if the mirror were mechanically malformed? Let's assume that the reflection in the mirror now resembled the bent and misshaped form as a warped circus mirror. Could an accurate assessment be made o f the tissue cell function being reflected in the mirror? Is it possible to know what you would need to perfectly alter the mental impulse for the current situation, or would the resulting attempt be imperfect? You know from your previous study of the Chiropractic principles that the Innate Intelligence of your body is incapable of less than perfect expression and function. You also know that the expression of Innate Intelligence is the mental impulse. The mental impulse would always be perfectly suited for the situation at hand. If the mental impulse were not perfect in quality, by definition, it would not be a mental impulse. This topic is one that requires you to put together many pieces of what you have learned thus far. To simplify this, consider the following analogy. You have a job that peoples' lives depend upon the accuracy of your work. You have been assigned to piece back together an important letter that has been shredded and determine a course of action from the completed page. I his is a difficult task, but the data it contains is vital to your job. As you carefully begin to put a picture together, you soon realize that there are a sizable number of pieces missing. It is now impossible for you to make an accurate determination without the missing data. Knowing this you will create instructions that are likely flawed. You determine that unless the missing pieces are discovered, the 173 page is useless, so you set this aside and continue with other tasks. In this analogy the bits o f paper are the impressions o f vibrations, the data reflecting tissue cell status and function. If there has been a deformation o f the conduit for data retrieval, the afferent nerve, there is an associated failure o f perfect function. This is why there are missing bits of paper in your letter. In your body, Innate Intelligence can make only perfect mental impulses. W ith absent pieces o f the complete picture this task is not possible and mental impulses that pertain to the missing bits of the page cannot be made. It can be reasoned that some mental impulses can be created that pertain only to portion of the page that has been received, but the full complement of mental impulse creation would still be hampered. Parting thought...W hat does this mean? This means that a vertebral subluxation directly affecting the afferent data transmission toward the brain cell thereby affects the mental impulse flow through the efferent nerve. In that context, impediment to the flow of mental impulse supply can result from either efferent or afferent nerve interference. The creation of a mental impulse and the interference from the vertebral subluxation and the restoration to health will be discussed more fully in Chapter 27— The Practical Cycle.

the route of the simple cycle

We will begin our discussion where the simple cycle would logically begin. An Innate Intelligence has to first determine the momentary status of the body to create an appropriate mental impulse. To achieve this, information of cellular function is drawn up to the studio of Innate Intelligence so that appropriate action may be taken. Now consider the communication going toward the brain cell by way of afferent nerve. If you walked a patient outside into a cold windy rain without telling them, they would still know it wouldn't they? What if you blindfolded their eyes and put earplugs in their ears? They would still know—of course. 1heir brain gets information on the environment from cells in their body. The hairs on their arms would be bent by the wind, the temperature sensing cells in their skin would pick up the cold, pressure sensitive cells in the skin would register information that droplets were hitting them and running over their body. All this occurs without even consciously guiding it. This also occurs with the internal environment. You have cells in your carotid arteries that monitor blood pressure. You have other cells that provide the brain cell constant data of glucose levels in your bloodstream. If a foreign particle such as ragweed or bacteria enters your body, that inform action is instantly relayed from the cells o f your body to your brain. Immediately, your Innate Intelligence causes changes to your body's functions. The internal environment may be altered in calorific function by raising body temperature, or you may have an increased eliminatory function shown by causing vomiting or diarrhea. At the same time countless other functions are being constantly regulated. Data is being gathered by your brain concerning the contents of your last meal. The release of different enzymes to break down foods is controlled to meet the presence of certain constituents in that meal. All of this and much more occurs without the educated interruption of your consciousness. Everything going on right now in your body is happening through this cycle. Are you thinking, "...all right liver, let's do another 100,000 chemical reactions in the next second"...? No, but your Innate Intelligence, through your brain controls all of this at once completely above your conscious level. Once messages reach the brain cell, your brain considers all this information constantly and determines the best way to adapt to these conditions reported by your tissue cells. If you are running a foot race, digesting lunch is becomes less vital and energy is shifted toward your leg muscles. Also blood vessels to your legs are dilated and your breathing rate is increased to send more oxygen to the muscles involved in running. The coordinative action Innate Intelligence provides the tissue cells of your body is orchestrated constantly through your brain cells, awake or asleep. Your brain is faster and more complex than any computer on earth. When bacteria enter your system, your brain gets the message and may decide to raise the body temperature to make your body more unpleasant for the bacteria, stopping growth and spread of bacteria. But in this day and age there are ways of stopping the normal functions of coordination. The television commercials have trained your patients that fever, pain and other uncomfortable symptoms are the enemy and must be eliminated. When your brain makes these decisions the information is sent as mental impulses down the efferent side of the cycle to the tissue cells of your body. Changes in tissue cell function take place immediately, following the exact specifications of the mental impulses from the brain. This is how the health of your body is maintained. The bottom circle, the tissue cell, is an inconsistent and variable part of the cycle. You know from earlier chapters that Innate Intelligence is perfect and its product, mental impulses, are perfect as well. The material side of your patients' bodies is far from perfection. What your patients bring you is years of accumulated damage. These are the results of years of life's experiences— good and bad. Many things in every day life will cause your tissue cells to weaken. The food you eat, the air you breathe, the rest you get or don't get, all may play a role. as a child you fell from swing sets and bicycles, not to mention the unintentional damage from the typical daredevil life o f a youngster. You would get up, brush off and do it all over again. These things all caused subtle damage to the structure of your body's tissues. Then, o f course, there are the things you couldn't help. Every day from the day you were born damage occurred as a by-product of living. In each cell of your body there are free radicals produced from cellular metabolism. They have to occur, you have no choice. these free radicals cause degrees of irreparable damage to the DNA of the cells. If that's not bad enough, the DNA, which is a blueprint used in creating you, was only as good as your parents gave you. The DNA blueprint is combined from both your parents and you are saddled with a degree of limitation from the start. To this point the Brain Cell (BC), Afferent Nerve, Efferent Nerve and the Tissue Cell (TC) have been discussed in general terms. You also realize the inherent weaknesses of the tissue cell in this model. You know from previous reading that the mental impulse is always perfect and that an interference to flow must therefore be a quantity issue and not a quality weakness. Having this introductory information of the main four components of the Simple Cycle, you need to understand the relevance o f the clasp on the safety pin. This represents the most critical part of this cycle for a Chiropractor. In your body when vertebral subluxation occurs, a tremendous loss to the process of health and healing is established. Your brain is trying to transmit the battle plans of health, but your tissue cells can no longer receive the proper information. When this happens there is no pill, powder, ointment, therapy, voodoo, witchcraft or anything else that will change this until the interference is removed through an application of force, such as in a Chiropractic adjustment. The force provided is used by the Innate Intelligence of your body to remove the obstruction in order to restore the transmission of mental impulse supply to the tissue cells.

what does pain mean?

What about the "pain" of the patient mentioned earlier? What is the purpose of pain? Is it an abnormal manifestation to be rooted out, or is it a signpost of transgression from health? Pain is the body's way of applying the brakes to conscious behavior. Two men run jackhammers on a road crew. The first enters a medical office and is examined using a medical philosophy. The medic recognizes the man has pain. To alleviate the pain the allopath prescribes a "pain-killer" . The man now has a decreased level of pain and returns to work. Over time he doubles his medication as the pain intensifies. You can see where this medical philosophy leads. This is purely palliative care. The second man speaks with a Chiropractor who explains that the pain is a warning system within the body to restrict activity while healing is taking place. Which approach uses logic and reason, not to mention sound scientific principle? How you determine your approach to patient care is purely a function of whether you work to build the strong philosophical knowledge of a Chiropractor or focus upon the philosophy of medicine that pervades our society. Your patients can get alleviation from symptoms in many mainstream venues. They come to you for a reason. They seek Chiropractic care because you offer something different, unique—the sound logical rationale driven by a philosophy of health, not a philosophy o f disease.

the gold standard

What did Dr. Crowder mean in his opening remarks about man being the gold standard o f the universe? Was he saying you are as good as it gets? In a sense, it would seem he was. When we consider the adaptability of living things it is the superiority of function of the educated mind that separates us from the rest of the animal kingdom. You are able to build tools, make fire, grow and cook food, rationalize and solve life- threatening situations. Humans have turned raw materials into manufactured goods. They have the ability to make clothing and weapons to protect themselves from the environment. Yet consider the cockroach or the lowly bacteria. Because of man's attempts to eradicate bacteria with antibiotics, there are now antibiotic-dependent bacteria that have mutated in response to man's aggressive attacks. With all the abilities some living things have to innately adapt, it might be better to consider man the gold standard o f the universe in educated intelligence.

researching phenomena

What do we need to prove? This question was at the center of David Hume's"problem of induction." He questioned that even though the sun has come up every day since recorded history began; there was no logical reason to believe it was guaranteed to do so tomorrow. He felt there was no way to prove a trend would continue. Roughly two hundred years later, Karl Popper answered him by stating that we do not need to prove it will rise again. We need instead to prove that it will not. Dr. Peter Singer, Professor of Bioethics at Princeton University, has shown that Hume's original question has not been answered by Popper, but rephrased into a more desirable question for Popper to answer.30 Hume desired to know whether passing the test of falsification by the fact that the sun rose today prevented the need of falsification yet again tomorrow. Induction is not justifiable. That a theory has been corroborated in the past 'says nothing whatever about future performance. ' The best corroborated theory may fall tomorrow. So jettisoning the inductive assumption makes nonsense of Popper's own theory o f the growth o f scientific knowledge. While it is true that on Popper's view induction is not a means of scientific discovery, as it was for Bacon. It remains indispensable, and the logical problem of induction is no nearer to solution than it was before Popper tackled it.

zooming in closer

What is interesting comes from closer observation of these specimens. Comparing the two close-up views, notice the scoliosis on the right has a major curvature and near the apices o f the lateral curvatures the vertebrae have remodeled their shape to become quite wedged side-to- side. The vertebral end plates appear free of what would be referred to as 'pathologic findings'. There is no spurting or eburnation. The 'straighten spine, on the left, has high degrees of spurring and shows ravages throughout its vertebral endplates. In several areas the vertebra appear almost melted and dripping boney exostosis from their surfaces and endplates. It is the why of such occurrences that should engage your philosophic interest. Why is it that the spine under the greatest gravitational strain shows the least amount of aberrant growth? Even though the scoliotic spine has had adaptations to growth take place as well, it would appear to have been more systematic and coordinate adaptation taking place in this spine as compared to the 'straighten spine. By this point in your study, you should be able to begin to rationally consider such examples.

costs vs benefits

What occurs if the cost of following a flawed hypothesis is too great? Is there a point where a failed paradigm must be overthrown so that new theories can be placed in an arena of higher significance? Science stagnates when shackled to a flawed premise. Normal science suffers even more when it is considered untouchable and to abandon failed scientific theory is sacrilegious.

normal complete cycle

What occurs if there is an ideal state of coordination? How would you describe the "normal" operation of the body? This cycle is an illustrative depiction of ideal communication and function within the body. It is the philosophical relationship between a single brain cell and a single tissue cell, as in the simple cycle, but in a more detailed account. It is far more important for the student to be able to comprehend and explain the steps of the cycle in total than to memorize the numbers of the 31 steps contained within. In philosophy the theory and the information supporting the theory is far more important than being able to recite steps of cycles by number. This cycle is a crucial part of the student's philosophic development and the student should be able to explain the entire flow of this cycle from beginning to end using a completed diagram.

does this mean all matter is alive?

What you see with the example of the hydrogen atom is true of all matter. If organization of any matter is lost, it to w ill cease to exist as it had previously. So it would follow that a form of life is present in all matter. It is a matter of deduction to see the organization of all matter by the action of intelligence. Can you think of forms of matter with a higher level of organization? Or is all matter expressing intelligence on the same level? Is there a difference in the consideration of life of a hydrogen atom versus that of a simple plant?

disharomony in the cell

When considering these primary functions, it is important to recognize that all incoordination can be simplified by noting too much or too little function taking place in the cells involved. A fever is an increase in calorific function, where a paralysis is decreased motor function. A cell provides a primary function and in this measure can only perform this in three ways. It has to be either a case of over-function, under-function or proper function.

chiropractic culture

When the Olympics take place each country proudly marches out behind its unique flag wearing clothing distinctive o f its culture. The individuals of a culture know what the clothing means to their people. To another group in the procession the costumes of some countries may seem quite strange and even senseless. Cultures are dependent upon customs, views, and especially language to both bond them and define them as being separate and distinct from other cultures. When invaders take over a country, they outlaw the language of that culture. As an example, the following is a description of what occurred when Ireland was invaded. Throughout the 17th and 18th centuries, the English invasion ofIreland displaced most of the remaining Gaelic tribes, with most of the tribes either wiped out by warfare or starvation, sold into slavery in the WestIndies and Americas, or forced into the Donegal and Galway regions of Western Ireland. Gaelic language, religion, traditions, dress, art, music and any other cultural or religious items were outlawed by the English on pain of death. Likewise, the English forced the surviving Gaels from their lands, seizing them and giving them to English landlords. Stripped from their lands, which are integral to their culture, the Gaels began to lose touch with their traditions and their roots. Thus began the Diaspora. "18

upon strong foundation, tall buildings are created

While at first glance, there may appear some redundancy of information Stained within the principles presented in this section, the buttressing they provide will become ever more evident as you progress. Each of these principles of Chiropractic study contributes to a foundation for further discovery.

scientific method

While discussions of what needs to be proved have shifted since the origination of the Empirical Method, the central theme of the methodology remains largely unaltered. In the 1800's John Stuart M ill put forth a model c empirical research. He proposed that you were to make all things equal between two subjects with the exception of one variable, and then observe manifestations of inequality between the two subject' single difference was required to determine the variable was the cause.31

reproductive

While expansion as a primary function refers to reproduction of tissue cells, reproductive function refers to the reproduction of the body as an entirety. The production of a single cell is the goal. This cell contains one-half of the blueprint from which the production of a new human being will be made. Propagation of the species is the end result. Aberrant function may bring about alterations in women's cycles or sterility in men and women. CASE STUDY: Karen P., a 32-year-old woman had been unable to become pregnant after many years of effort. She had paid over $72,000 in personal out-of-pocket expense for medical therapies to become pregnant to no avail. She received a specific adjustment after a Chiropractic analysis located the vertebral subluxation. Five weeks later she found she was pregnant. She referred a second woman from her office who had not had a menstrual cycle since she was 20 years old. She was now 28 and also could not become pregnant. In the same manner, the vertebral subluxation was identified. Three days alter her first adjustment she had her first cycle in eight years and became pregnant seven weeks later. Without the Chiropractic adjustic force applied to your cases, women accept that there is nothing more that can be done. Innate Intelligence knows what needs to be done to properly produce the egg cell filled with possibility. It is when your patient's I communication system for that information is interfered with by vertebral subluxation that reproductive failure may occur.

healthy choices over a life time.

While it is impossible to prognosticate outcome for any patient, this concept is important to explain that your patient's need for care is not one-time event. Reggie Gold, DC, PhC used an analogy to help make this point about accumulative health and momentum. His analogy would ask if you ever had a meal where you knew it was a healthy smart decision that was beneficial for your body. Did you ever do it again? Yes? Why? Because making good healthy choices is the intelligent thing to do. The Chiropractic adjustment is no different. Any rational person knows that health is largely a matter of attention to choices. The vertebral subluxation is a detriment to healthy function of your body. Logic would see Chiropractic care as being a lifetime commitment to healthy momentum. From Albert Einstein's statement in the beginning o f this chapter, you can also infer that there are processes to build health or lose health, and neither can be instantaneous.

expansive

While many cells are capable of simple mitosis, it is not their primary function provided for coordination. Some tissues are specifically used to provide new cells for use in the body. These cells are found in focal developmental centers around the body, such as bone marrow, boney growth plates, and the spleen. Between 1908 and 1909 B. J. Palmer developed his Chiropractic Theory of Cell Expansion: ...from the time of impregnation of the ovum, the possibilities of all the cells of the body which are to be used in the development and in the maintenance o f its structure are contained in that one cell.72 That single cell divides over and over until the neural tube and neural plate are formed. This is the beginning of the brain, spinal cord and nerve system. From the delicate fibers of the spinal nerves develop cells that form the organs o f the body. Within that initial single cell is the blueprint for such differentiation to occur. There is a plan within this cell of both growth and maintenance. The Innate Intelligence of your body is ever-watchful so that new cells are available only when needed. Any alteration from this plan, as in incoordination, will produce pathology. CASE STUDY: Rose F. was a 67-year old woman who had been medically diagnosed with low red blood cell counts and lupus erthythematosis. She had her blood counts taken every other month for six years without any significant increase in her RBC count. She had actually had decreases in her counts over the past ten months. The medical community had determined it was due to poor bone marrow function and her condition would continue to deteriorate. The expansive function of her bone marrow to develop sufficient RBCs had been seriously decreased. After her Chiropractic analysis she was adjusted and stayed under care for the next six weeks until her next blood tests were performed by her medic. Her medical doctor had no explanation for her sudden increase in RBC levels except to believe the test must have been an error. A second test was done and showed the same positive results. It is the communication lines through which Innate Intelligence sends its directives to the tissue cells o f the bone marrow, like all other tissues, that suffer under the ravages of vertebral subluxation. Restoration of communication within the body must be the goal of any successful Chiropractor.

certainly not the simple cycle

While the Practical Cycle is a complex study in Chiropractic philosophy, it describes the clinical view through a Chiropractic mentality. You may find some concepts difficult to comprehend initially, but with study the logic becomes clear. The greater the breadth of your Chiropractic mentality becomes, the clearer the interaction and care of your patients will be in the future. As Bowen stated in the opening remarks, it is the quest of mankind to reveal the intricacies of the nature of our own existence. The search for plausible explanations led to this topic—the Practical Cycle.

the downside of deduction

While the nature of form al logic is deductive, most reasoning you engage in is not through the use of syllogisms. While a useful tool, they offer no new information in their conclusions. The terminology you use must be well-defined. Most reasoning today contains ambiguity and therefore does not lend itself to formal deductive reasoning. As you already know, deduction brings information into new perspectives. This is an important and practical utility as we are led by the constraints of what we hold to be factual in order to bring forward continued reasoning. If we start or include a premise that is not true, all results garnered from the ensuing deductions will be incorrect as well. All continued thought is hinged upon previous deduction from the premise or premises above them. At the same time, if your premise is correct all deductions that follow are also correct. How this is important to Chiropractic philosophy will be seen in later discussion of the thirty-three principles.

educated intelligence during sleep

While you are asleep, educated intelligence is shut down, with the exception of dreaming. In a dream state your conscious educated brain may play flights of fancy, but there are chemicals released during such times that have a paralytic effect upon voluntary movement.7 This innately controlled phenomenon is protective to your body. It prevents you from acting out your dream state and causing possible physical harm to yourself At other times of sleep, your educated brain is removed from service, allowing the greatest amounts of repair and healing to take place under the undivided auspices of Innate Intelligence.

Does Chiropractic allow optimal expression of Innate Intelligence?

While you will likely hear this phrase or something like it from time to time, is this logically accurate? Is your role as a Chiropractor to aid in optimizing the expression of Innate Intelligence? Is improving the expression a logical goal? The first step in any logical process is properly defining your terms. You already know that the expression o f Innate Intelligence is always 100% perfect. Knowing that, it is impossible for Chiropractic care to make any difference whatsoever in the level of expression. Perfection of expression is a given. Just what does Innate Intelligence express? Is it the measurable ramifications expressed through the matter of the tissue cell? If it were it would always be perfect, but it is not. The expression of Innate Intelligence is the mental impulse, the instantaneous directive to provide adaptive instruction to the tissue cell. As the 100% normal product of Innate Intelligence, the mental impulse can be no less perfect. A mental impulse, therefore, cannot suffer diminished quality. This is a philosophic impossibility. It can however be interfered with in the quantity of its flow. What may be more accurate is to say, " Chiropractic seeks to remove interference thus allowing optimal expression of Innate Intelligence in the tissue cells."

does medicine have philosophy

Why do we as Chiropractors need a philosophy? After all, medicine does not have a medical philosophy guiding their thoughts and actions in patient care. That statement could not be more wrong. Medicine most certainly has a dictum of the heroic application of care applied to the patient, from the outside-inward.11 When they view the data gathered they view this through their medical lens. The medical mentality of heroic application to achieve normals colors every decision they make. If a patient has a blood pressure of 150/92, a 'fever' of 100 F, a radiating pain in their arm or has developed seizures, it is the medical viewpoint that determines what must be done. The high blood pressure must be 'normalized' with drugs—to the textbook 120/80. The fever must be returned to 98.6 F. The arm pain must be deadened with some particular pain-removing drug. The seizures must be stopped with an anti convulsant. The philosophy of Chiropractic defines not only the parameters of the profession, but also provides a system of thought through which Chiropractors consider further innovations of science. The role of philosophy is to not only ask the questions for science to investigate, but also to explain and integrate resulting data provided by science. You must remember that Chiropractic philosophy is not a classical philosophy in the sense often studied.12 It is a position from which you consider manifestations presented in patients that seek your care. Some who find confusion in the understanding of Chiropractic may have arrived at this position from a misunderstanding derived from using a model of classical philosophy to view Chiropractic. To illustrate the glaring differences in the application of these two methods of thought, a simplistic analogy may be helpful. This not only provides a simple philosophic demonstration of the conceptual divergence, it is also easy for the patient to understand what it means to think Chiropractically

do we need our own words

Why does Chiropractic need to have its own terminology? That is a very good question and one many students consider. Before you begin, it may be fruitful to contemplate the effect proper use of terminology has upon Chiropractic as a culture.

the alternative syllogism

With the alternative syllogism you are offered options. "Either I will study or go to the student union therefore it can be said if you did not go to the student union you must have studied. therefore you went to the student union, these two instances reflect and exclusive alternative syllogism. Could both occur? Could you both study and go to the student union? Most certainly that possibility exists. In such a case it would be not an either/or, but both option. This is referred to as a nonexclusive alternative syllogism. The alternative syllogism may be either exclusive or nonexclusive in nature. Choices between two or more antecedents are offered and deductions are anticipated from the conditions o f the choice made.

can atheists agree with our major premise?

Would an atheist and a theist draw differing concepts of a Universal Intelligence? Would it be impossible for these polar opposites to find agreement within the realm of Chiropractic philosophy? To the untrained it will likely seem obvious that these two would find no agreement within our philosophical concept of a Universal Intelligence. Through discussion within this chapter the truth w ill become evident. Whether a deity exists is not a concept of direct observation. Such would be beyond our perceptive reach. One may only know o f a deity through perceived activities of orderly nature. A cause seems warranted to account for the nature o f things. To fully grasp the comparison of a deity to a Universal Intelligence we must first characterize what constitutes a deity.

i am feeling with my brain

Yes. It is the perception that is the key, not the stimulus. How can it be perceived otherwise? Consider the old riddle of the forest: 'If a tree falls in the woods and there is nothing there to hear it, does it s till make a noise?' If your cochlear mechanism is contacted by the pressure waves and the data is interpreted by your brain, the perception you have is the sound of a tree falling. If you were not there to have this intellectual process take place, there would be no sound, only pressure waves. This age old riddle is really no riddle at all. It is simply a matter of perception.

cascade of health or Dis-ease

You already know that the function of a tissue cell is to contribute to the coordination effort for the betterment of your entire body. coordination refers to the successful performance of all Innate toward that goal under the direction and oversight of an innate Intelligence. Harmony of all body functions results from coordinated control through the continued flow of mental impulse supply Equally, the failure of transmission of mental impulses from vertebral subluxation will bring about disharmony or dis-ease. The failure of function in the affected tissue cells w ill cause limitations to other tissues dependent upon their function, which has now faltered. The interconnected functional goal o f health can no longer be achieved. This failed process may cascade through various tissues of the body. Consider pancreatic cells in the Islets o f Langerhans. If these cells fail to produce proper amounts of insulin, there are far reaching effects cascading from the initial cause of interference. This patient would be medically diagnosed as being diabetic. Due to the failed function of those cells this person would likely heal poorly, have increased risks of heart problems, kidney dysfunction and visual disturbances; and a myriad o f other possible tissue cell dysfunctions. These systemic effects all originate from the failure of the pancreatic cells to produce their function for the betterment of the entire body. To maintain health of your body, the principle o f coordination must be met. Or, in other words, coordination is the principle of harmonious action of all the parts of an organism, in fulfilling their offices and purposes. (Principle 32)

can educated intelligence cause harm?

You can decide to light a cigarette and breathe in the smoke. This is obviously not an action that would be endorsed by your Innate Intelligence. Yet consciously you can easily perform such action. This is because your educated intelligence can usurp the best intentions of Innate Intelligence. Poor education of the detriments of such behavior may cause you to feel smoking is appropriate. You can likewise choose to take drugs, dive off the roof, drive recklessly and a myriad of other dangerous activities.

our perception of life?

You encounter the manifestations o f life exteroceptively through touch, taste, scent, sight and sound. This is both a gift and a limitation at the same time. This ability allow for us to engage in the environment around us. It is hard to imagine what an existence might be without these sensory inputs. Life would be certainly far more challenging if even any one sense is lost. consider the example of seeds found in the pyramids of Egypt. They had been observably dead for thousands of years, yet when planted they grew. How can that be? They had no observable signs of being alive in any way. Dr. R.W. Stephenson points out in his seminal text on Chiropractic philosophy, that the signs of life may be so latent that they seem absent to our limited perceptions.52 Not admitting your limits of perceptive ability that makes many concepts not overtly observable difficult to understand.

chiro analysis boney disrelationship

You have considered the concept of assessing the presence neural interference and also an adaptational deficiency due to the lack of mental impulse supply. Given you have found such in your analysis, you must now determine the additional components. These require further reaching methods of analysis.

neurological assessment and the flow of mental impulses

You have learned previously that the purpose of the mental impulse is to provide information to adapt you to your internal and external environment. What tests might provide a window into the functional capacity of the body's ability to adapt? Without such a determination you can consciously provide nothing more than manipulative therapy for reduction o f a neuropathy.

the elephant man 63

You have likely heard the story of Joseph Merrick from the 1800's. His body became grossly deformed due to overgrowth of his body's tissues. Scientists have more recently determined that Joseph Merrick did not have a genetic condition that caused his tremendous and grotesque deformities, but they have more recently medically diagnosed him with Proteus Syndrome. This condition is one where his body has uncoordinated growth of the skin, skull and other bones. It had been wrongly diagnosed as having neurofibromatosis for nearly 100 years after his death. The incoordination is quite rare having only fifty reported cases worldwide. Scientists have determined that the condition is not genetic. There is no evidence as to whether a vertebral subluxation may or may not have been involved in his case, but it is an interesting question.

the adjustment with the extra something

You have likely heard the term, 'the adjustment with that extra something'. Dr. B.J. Palmer stated that this referred to giving an adjustic thrust based upon perfect instrumentation procedure, perfect spinograph placement and reading, perfection in all analytical components, perfect patient placement and relaxation, and perfect depth, direction and timing of thrust.112 Often you may hear this related to mental state or intent of the Chiropractor, but this is an inaccuracy. Obviously focus and concentration are key, but the insinuations made of a spiritual or psychic component were never mentioned historically by any of the Palmers. Dr. Palmer speaks of an analysis perfectly performed. From the patient placement for the spinographs, to the line of correction and patient relaxation, all is exact. This constitutes Palmer's adjustment with that extra something. Mental concentration is certainly necessary for this process. To apply science to perfection through the art of the Chiropractic adjustment, focus must always be maintained. It is obviously unlikely that a haphazard sloppy approach to patient care will result in optimal outcome in the removal of vertebral subluxation. To be adapted by the body, the adjustic thrust you give needs to be given at the proper location, at the proper time of patient relaxation and in the most adaptable and useful direction. To achieve such, the Chiropractic analysis and the information gleaned from it must be as complete as possible. While it is of obvious importance to deliver the optimal adjustment for each vertebral subluxation, it is impossible to do so without the emphasis on the Chiropractic analysis. The Chiropractors ot our history who were known as the best saw the importance of the analysis and became thorough analytical experts.

things natural

You have likely seen the paid advertisements in Chiropractic periodicals proclaiming that a product is "100% Natural". In a day and age where there is an abundance of artificiality, the sales pitch of "natural" has a far different meaning than the Palmer s intended in their use of the term things natural. Dr. B.J. Palmer explained that the use of "things natural" was to separate and delineate Chiropractic from religious practices. "The words "things Natural" are designedly used to exclude and eliminate any intervention of a supernatural or divine character. In other words, to exclude miracles in the strict sense of the word; to distinguish Chiropractic from ®on or any healing of a miraculous kind."2 things natural never intended to include heat- cold- light and vibration as cursory understandings may lead you to believe it was intended to separate what you do as a chiropractor from the supernatural . your patient response to the adjustment of the vertebral subluxation is the return of proper function. this is not miraculous occurrence beyond scientific expectations, nor is it a supernatural phenomenon. You fully expect an improvement in function by the removal of the vertebral subluxation. Your belief in what you do as a Chiropractor needs recognition as being based upon scientific fact. You must remember that the roots of medical care are reflected even today in a mystical context. What is still widely seen today in medicine that calls for a blessing upon a healing potion? The symbol Rx was, originally intended as a tribute to the Roman god Jupiter to bestow a blessing on the doctor's elixir.3 While medicine today would not publicly promote such a religious relationship, Dr. B.J. Palmer sought to set forth in the defining of the profession that Chiropractic is not related to religious doctrine.

what happened to the compensatory cycles

You have one last issue that needs to be resolved. Other tissues were called into action in an attempt to make up for the loss of function of the tissue cells along the affected neuromere. The cells supplied by the affected neuromere have now recovered function. The corresponding vibrations of the tissue cell are impressed upon the afferent pathway and are drawn to the brain cell through the process of transmission. At the afferent brain cell they are received into the abstract mental realm and through the process of interpretation each vibration is judged. The resulting sensation is combined with other judgments and these multiple sensations present the completed picture or ideation. Knowledge of improved neuromere cell function is now fully comprehended. The Innate Intelligence is the intellect that judges all impressions, brings together the ideation and sets corresponding plan (Intellectual Adaptation) into motion— constantly striving toward active organization.

Does matter matter?

You have studied the function of intelligence and the function of force, but what about matter? Earlier you learned that the bond of force links intelligence to matter. What is the purpose of matter in this equation? Chiropractic philosophy would deduce that matter must be present as a medium through which the manifestations of force can be expressed. Think of this relationship as being analogous to a building being constructed. The plans are drawn, but there would be no perception of the physicality o f the building without the plans being expressed. The finished building is to the architect's plans as matter is to intelligence. The organizing influence of intelligence causes matter to be realized. It is easy to draw the conclusion through formal logic that the function of matter is to express force.(Principle 13)

building the foundation

You now know that these thirty-three principles were the result of decades o f effort and consideration. It is also now clear that they were not first written by Dr. Stephenson. As a matter of fact, most of these principles are contained in other language in D.D. Palmer's 1906 and 1910 texts, long before Dr. Stephenson's well-known effort. Now the focus will turn towards building a working knowledge of these basic tenets of Chiropractic philosophy. In time it will become evident that when confronted with a confusing concept, these principles serve as a standard against which other concepts can be measured. That realization will come in due course with further exploration in the following chapters. The list is printed here, as it was in Dr. Stephenson's 1927 text, and the discourse can begin.4 In the following chapters each principle will be considered in order as they appear below. It is within the intricacies of their meaning that Chiropractic philosophy is truly found.

is it all innate intelligence?

You now should have a working knowledge of the concepts of both Universal Intelligence and Innate Intelligence. Innate Intelligence works constructively for the betterment of your body, constantly, every second of your life. But aren't there phenomena that seem difficult to attribute to the function of Innate Intelligence? You have the ability to make voluntary movements. You can pick up a pencil and draw a stick figure. How does this complete the function o f Innate Intelligence?

What does the future hold?

You realize now that science has confirmed much of what had been the result of deductive formal logic in Chiropractic philosophy. What about future scientific discoveries? What may lie around the comer to aid in illuminating the darkened recesses of reality? Science is constantly reforming opinions of former dogmatic scientific models of neurologic communication. As Stephenson commented in his 1927 text, our philosophic abstract of the mental impulse will be updated as science determines how communication can occur at the apparent speeds and routes that obviously exist. Until such a time in the future, the mental impulse w ill remain an abstract consideration.

What about " autoimmune" issues?

You w ill certainly have patients begin care who have been medically diagnosed with autoimmune issues. They may inform you ofmyasthenia gravis or rheumatoid arthritis for example. To many, with only a passing knowledge of our philosophy, it may seem to falsify your philosophy as a C hiropractor to have such cases exist. Autoimmune refers to the body not relating to its internal environment. In myasthenia gravis acetylcholine receptors on muscle cells are attacked by the body's immune system as though they were foreign to the body.77 This is deductively a self-recognition problem. Given proper communication within the body, how can this happen? Quite simply it cannot and does not. All professions of health would conclude there is but one cause to all disease—the body's inability to relate to itself or its environment. It is counterproductive for an Innate Intelligence to cause harm to the very structure through which it operates. It is deductively considered to be an issue of failed communication of the transmission from Innate Intelligence to the tissues involved. On the Internet tens of thousands o f web pages discuss Chiropractic and myasthenia gravis. Individuals with this medical diagnosis have often found resolution while under Chiropractic care. Why? Chiropractic seeks to remove the interference due to vertebral subluxation so that optimal transmission of the forces of Innate Intelligence can be restored. Turning on the electrical bleaker does not cause electricity to occur; it merely removes an obstruction so that the flow can resume. It is not your aim as a Chiropractor to treat myasthenia gravis or any medically-diagnosed disease. It is your purpose to remove the obstruction to self-recognition and self-communication— the vertebral subluxation. The psychologist recognizes this inability to relate to the internal and external environments as does the medical doctor. The psychologist uses suggestive therapy to implant thought, as the medical doctor would use drug therapy to manipulate body chemistry.

chapter 6

a list of 33 principles

need for objective assessment

all four of the components should be found objectively. Consider whether you could be erroneously led to a false conclusion by a patient. could what they describe to you influence your analysis? It is always necessary to perform a complete spinal analysis to determine whether the need for Chiropractic care exists. The mere presence or absence of subjective symptoms should never lead you to conclude whether a vertebral subluxation is present. The Chiropractic adjustic force you deliver is not beneficial to the patient who has no vertebral subluxation. On the contrary, it would be merely an additional universal force that his/her body must defend itself against. Using objective means to determine the presence of vertebral subluxation will allow such instances to be avoided.

enter the chiropractor

as Innate Intelligence strives towards health, the desire and effort to correct the subluxation is constant. The Innate Intelligence of your body is always prepared to adapt universal forces for its own purposes. As a Chiropractor you provide a force, an adjustic force, in the most specific manner possible with the goal of providing the necessary force for Innate Intelligence to use in a corrective way. When a proper adjustic force is offered, this invasive force is met with a resistive force. This concussion of forces occurs at the vertemere tissue cell level, as the adjustic force is delivered to the spinal segment. Having a force applied to the tissue cells o f the vertemere through your adjustic thrust changes the form of the vertemere cells and therefore its function reflected vibrational characteristics. A penetrative vibration occurs from the function of the vertemere cell to reflect the functional and metabolistic vibration of the tissue cell.

the big questions

as a chiropractor your recognize the existence, of an innate intelligence within The living person, but for what purpose?Why would such order be necessary within us?What quantity of the innate intelligence do we have? What does it do? Developing an understanding of the characteristics of Innate Intelligence necessitates having such questions resolved.

innate forces- good, bad or indifferent

as you know from Principle 23, the function of Innate Intelligence is to adapt universal forces for use in the body, maintaining active organization. Active organization refers to the ability to adapt to internal and external environments. Innate Intelligence provides constructive forces to perform its crucial role of preserving adaptive organization within the matter it animates. Devoid of Innate Intelligence and its forces, living matter would be broken down to its smallest units of existence.

first cause

cause o f all things or the universe itself is not indicative of a deity. This is a point of divergence for many whom claim areligious nature to the Major Premise. At this juncture of afirst cause the atheist and theist are in agreement.48

No. 17. Cause and Effect. Every effect has a cause and every cause has effects.

chapter 12

Mental Impulse

chapter 24

chapter 4

clinical reasoning methodology

cont'd

creation is defined in this sense as the act of bringing something into ordered existence in a new state. The Innate Intelligence creates an assembly of force units (foruns) in the brain cell from the universal forces adapted for use in maintaining function in the tissue cells. The Brain Cell is an organ used by Innate Intelligence for the assembly of forces. It is analogous to an artist's workshop. In the next step, thoughts are changed to a specific force. Transformation allows the foruns to be converted to a type of energy that can affect matter. The energy is now in the form of a mental impulse. A mental impulse is a specific unit designed by Innate Intelligence for a specific moment in a specific tissue cell. As such, it cannot be stored or dammed back. This mental impulse is ALWAYS constructive in character. A new mental impulse is required for each and every circumstance o f adaptive challenge. Through the effort of propulsion the mental impulse is dispatched to the tissue cell. The mental impulse has now left the brain cell for the first time. Innate Intelligence uses the efferent nerve for the purpose of conducting the mental impulse in route to the tissue cell. Being material in nature, the efferent nerve is susceptible to interference. There is no interference considered in describing the Normal Complete Cycle. This passage of the mental impulse from the brain cell to the tissue cell is referred to as transmission. A tissue cell's function is characterized as the duty it performs for the mutual benefit of all tissues of the body. Chiropractic looks at the observable product of intelligence which occurs within the tissue cell. The tissue cell is without coordinative intellect and therefore has no ability to function on its own accord. Reception is the contacting of the tissue cell by the mental impulse. If a tissue cell has no enacted limitations, it may act immediately upon the plans contained within the mental impulse. A tissue cell that is not of sound character can neither receive nor act properly in relation to the dental impulse. The adaptation that occurs is in proportion to the level of organization within the cell. he physical result of the mental impulse is physical personification. This is the tangible outcome of creation. It can be compared as the architect is to the finished structure. Expression refers to the actions expressed by the tissue cell as a result of creation in the brain cell. This is an indication of an intelligence at work. Expression is the function of Innate Intelligence seen through intellectual adaptation. The cooperative reason for the tissue cell's existence is function. As expression is what Innate Intelligence does, function is what a tissue cell does. This harmonious action of cooperation between tissue cells is termed coordination. This process is fully synchronized by Innate Intelligence.

just keep studying Chiropractic principles; in time you may be able to comprehend its philosophy. "

d.d. palmer

forces meet

f an external invasive force encounters your body it must be met by opposing forces within your body to counteract, adapt or even nullify this destructive force. This is accomplished by the use of internal resistive forces. When an unadapted invasive force encounters an internal resistive force there is a concussion of forces. The concussion of forces is an attempt to adapt the universal forces for the purposes of the body. You might consider this in relation to the use o f the attacker's momentum in Judo. The attacker's energy is used and adapted by the defender to alter the intended purpose of the attacking force. The forces meet at the tissue cell level of the vertemere. The vertemere includes the vertebra, intervertebral discs, and tissues that support the position of the vertebra and thereby protecting the nerve system. The muscles, tendons and ligaments would be considered such supporting tissues.

cycles of demand and supply

from the study of economics, you know that they supply and demand are intimately related If the demand increases and supply does not there is a shortage of product. If demand for the product decreases and supply increases, there is a surplus of product. If the demand increases and supply meets the demand, the marketplace is kept healthy. A healthy marketplace meets the demand perfectly, neither over nor undersupplying product.

the economical body

he function of the body is one of economy of function. There is no elaboration or waste of effort permissible in perfection. As such, the function of tissue cells in an ideal state is also perfect. As you are by now well aware, the matter of the tissue cells is capable of imperfection. It is illogical that functional inconsistencies occur in tissue cells without a cause. A determination of diminished adaptability in the tissue cells of a neuromere would suggest that the flow of mental impulses may be compromised.

incoordination spreads

he tissue cells supplied by the neuromere will exhibit an increased/decreased function in relation to the needs of the community of cells within the body. This type of interference caused by a vertebral subluxation brings about incoordination (dis-ease) of cells of the neuromere. The equivalent vibrations mirror circumstances of the abnormal function within each affected cell supplied by the neuromere, as they were in the vertemere cells. These accurate reflections o f the cell status are impressed upon the afferent pathway and via transmission are retrieved by the brain cell and received into the mental realm. Failed Function is Recognized by Innate Intelligence The equivalent vibrations are appraised individually through interpretation. The Innate Intelligence of your body determines the character o f each impression o f vibration and interprets a value. The individual portion o f inform action gleaned from each vibration is a sensation. As the sensations are gathered and combined they form the complete conceptualization of the cell's status, the ideation. The Innate Intelligence o f your body serves as the judge in this process.

The philosophy of one century is the common sense of the next.

henry ward beecher

the adaptation limited?

if innate intelligence is always 100% of the required amount how can adaptation be limited? at first glance this may seem illogical, but consider the perfection of the triune from principles 4 and 5. you have already determined that intelligence and the forces it creates always have the capacity to be perfect in quality and quantity. so, what then is the component that may be lacking?

sublata causa tollitur effectus

in Chiropractic philosophy lts lack of health is governed by that same premise, the coordinative effort of an Innate Intelligence is the cause of health. the public has been indoctrinated by the drug factory advertising health is absence of disease and disease is merely the presence of symptoms. to change this attitude is one of the great educational tasks you will face daily. the conversation over this latin phrase offers you an opportunity to educate patients to the chiropractic principle the english translation of Sablata causa tollitur effectus is the effect will leave when the cause is removed. his seems common sense in day-lo-day life. If the light bulb is glaring in your eyes you adjust the cause and flip the switch off. But, what about health care? What do most people do for a headache or other health concern? They take a drug to eliminate the symptom. Does that work? If so, then it would seem the cause of their concern is a lack of drugs in the bloodstream. Consider this illustration. If you were awakened by the shrill scream of your bedroom smoke detector, what would you do? You would reach over to the phone and dial the fire department. The local fire department would come to your house knock down the front door and run up the stairs to the source o f the alarm. One fireman would pull a chair under the alarm while another jumped atop the chair and smashed the smoke detector flat, silencing it with his fire axe. At this point he would jump down from the chair declaring, "Wow! That was a close one! You folks have a good night." Leaving you wondering what just happened, out the door they go. How long would you leave your family at risk in that community before you seek a safer place to live? That is exactly what the drug companies have trained your patients todoabouttheirfamily'shealth. All you need to bring little Timmy's temperature down to normal is one of our drugs that w ill yank the nine-volt battery out o f his alarm system and silence indications o f any potential problem. ' Is that the way their child should be viewed to be healthy? Of course you see the logical flaw of this argument. But, why does the public ho it then? If patients understood this concept fully and were able to apply it to examples of health in their own circumstances, they would begin to see the logic for themselves. All Chiropractors want their patients to live a life of bountiful expressive health. If you are not offering them that opportunity you are doing them and the profession a disservice.

kuhn's paradigm normal science

in Thomas Kuhn's, the structure of scientific revolution, he describes the methods and purpose of what is referred to normal science. normal science applies, hones, and enlarges the reach of theoretical information of a discipline. The process is to state a hypothesis and test its nature. Through observation probability can be established. You can then deem the hypothesis supportable or not supportable. Another hallmark of normal science is the explanation of anomalies.37 Anomalies are those results that do not fit the hypothesis where others may have. As much as normal science tries to anticipate variables between subjects and conditions, it is deceitful to make claims of the specific for the whole where human subjects are concerned. When the scientists are unable to define a variable, anomalies occur. As an example, a drug company may perform tests of a proposed drug to determine both efficacy and safety. The scientific method may offer a result found to be satisfactory in both counts. At some point after it is approved and marketed a number of anomalies may be exhibited of a dangerous or deadly nature, causing the drug to be removed from the marketplace. Often claims are made by drug companies that these anomalies were not discovered in their testing. You would call into question sample size and other possible variables that could be responsible for finding the effects not found originally. How big of a sample size would take into account all existing variables of all humans? It is not a question that can be answered exactly. While normal science depends upon probability, it is not vital to do so and effects caused outside the anticipated result range are referred to as side-effects. Since no two individuals are alike, it is impossible to use such a method to determine the consequence. There are discoveries using normal science, but you must weigh costs.

you must begin at the end

in business market, which drives the cycle? Does supply drive demand demand, or does demand drive supply? If the supply is offered irrespective of demand it will lead to storages or overabundance. Neither is the best for the economic system- It is an economical fact that demand provides the stimulus for supply.94 Demand is not a constant and may vary based upon market conditions. Supply is altered to meet the needs demand. Your body is no different. You realize now that to be 100% healthy. Innate Intelligence must supply the exact mental impulses required to meet the demands of adapting to the internal and external environment. How is it that the demand is filled to the necessary degree? The answer is little different from the principles that drive the economic cycle. It is all about demand— not so much the demand in the sense of a request, but in the sense of an altered status in the tissue cells. Think of it this way. You are driving in high winds and pass a semi-truck. As you pass the truck, you feel the car lurch to the side as the wind that was being blocked by the truck now pushes against your car. You automatically adjust the forces you are using to keep the car in the appropriate lane at appropriate speed in response to the winds of the external environment upon your car. It is akin to the model of demand and supply in this principle. Just as you adjust the forces to direct the car, your Innate Intelligence adjusts forces to direct your tissue cells, thereby creating harmonious function. This is why the founders of your Chiropractic philosophy used the term Law ofDemand and Supply instead ofLaw ofSupply and Demand. The emphasis in the former is far more accurate than the latter, even though you have been exposed countless times to the idea of "supply and demand" . As you know from Chapter 3 it is vital that you be careful of the way terms are used. They should always be used in their best form to create the clearest meaning.

chapter 16

innate intelligence

chapter 22

interference and dis-ease

how vast is universal intelligence

is there the opportunity for less than perfect function of intelligence in providing for matter? As you have done on earlier occasions, you will again look to the Major Premise in consideration o f this question. You will note that the term "Universal" is used in this premise. By this, it is to infer qualities of being without boundary or limitation. Its manifestations are everywhere, and it is limitless in ability as well as function.

the chiropractic analysis

it is a simple observation that these four components of the vertebral subluxation must be present. Clinical expediency and degree of potential detriment would suggest that you begin with less invasive steps first. If these findings eliminate the possibility of vertebral subluxation, there is no need to perform further tests. The crux of your analysis is the determination of interference to the flow of mental impulses. Without this type of interference being present you have only three qualifications remaining. These first three qualifications absent of the fourth are not a vertebral subluxation, but a simple neuropathy. What your goal is as a Chiropractor is to determine the presence and character of a vertebral subluxation, provide a specific Chiropractic adjustment and then determine that the vertebral subluxation has been eliminated. Galen Price. DC, PhC, stated it this way in 1989: "Is it responding improperly because there is an interference with the normal nerve supply into it? This is the first thought that should enter your mind with every patient visit. ... The most vulnerable place for nerve interference is the spine."

It is the lot of man to share in the deeper aspirations of the universe around him and to share his own destiny as well as that of the universe, now by adjusting himself to its forces, now by putting the whole of his energy to his own ends and purposes. "

muhammad iqbal.

cycles of function

n this text you are given the opportunity to study the Chiropractic philosophical perspective of what occurs in both an ideal coordinated state and in the incoordinated presence of vertebral subluxation. These form the basis of our philosophic cycles of harmonious function in the body. The first was the Simple Cycle, the simplified model having only four steps to consider. The Practical Cycle that followed, in contrast, is a complicated cycle describing the transformation into and out of the vertebral subluxation. This chapter focuses upon the intricacies of normality of functional communication in greater detail. The Normal Complete Cycle is a thirty-one step breakdown of the philosophical processes involved in the basic coordination model between one brain cell and one tissue cell.

what is the second half of the cycle

nterpretation has taken place, and the plan of Intellectual Adaptation has been defined and drawn. The issue that presents itself now is that additional brain cells that control necessary functional responses must be called into play to complete the cycle. Utilizing the forces provided by Universal Intelligence (16) the plans previously designed in the afferent brain cell are used by Innate Intelligence (17). Through the process of creation (18) in the efferent brain cell (19), these forces are transform ed (20) into the necessary m ental impulses (21). These mental impulses are propelled (22) down the efferent nerve (23) through the process of transmission (24) to be received at the new tissue cell. From this point forward the efferent and subsequent afferent routes to the secondary tissue cells follow the same flow as in the normal complete cycle.

testing a variable

on the surface this may seem somewhat reliable. it may very well be that two inanimate objects can be make equal with the exception of a ingle variable. Two blocks of aluminum of same composition, size and weight may be tested in such a manner to determine tensile strength under thirty-five degrees Celsius versus two-hundred degrees Celsius. The difference in tensile strength under differences of temperature would likely be ascertained with some level of certainty.

The Case of Kenneth W.; a Lesson in momentum

one day a retired gentleman sought Chiropractic care from us. He was a gentle sincere man who outwardly seemed to be in his mid-80s. He walked with a very short shuffling gait back to meet with me about his case. It was then I discovered he was actually only 65 years old. He had aged far beyond his years. After our initial introductions he said to me, "I want you to know something. My health is poor and 1did this to myself. 1 was a pharmacist for many years and whenever I felt slightly under the weather I took something. I had every imaginable drug at my fingertips and it was too easy for me to feel better. That may have made sense at the time, but I know what brings me to where I am today." He had many negatives at work in his body for decades and few positives. Ken was not typical in that he already understood health is the result of a lifetime of decisions. Now, a nearly decade later he has benefited from making different decisions about his health in many areas. Ken now walks erect and has an appearance far closer to his real age. His wife has made comments that since he turned his health around he is more like the man she married. Her use of the phrase, "turned his health around" is o f importance in our next exploration.

chapter 5

origins of chiropractic

.What may seem a limitation to Chiropractic is but an imaginary visible horizon because of our inability to perceive greater. " — Shegatoro Morikubo, DC, PhD (1906)

quote

specific vs ambiguous premises

syllogism is graphically represented in additionally doubtful and complex diagrams. You are saying that some hut not all "poker players" fit into the circle of " cheaters" . The circle of " depraved individuals" contains a portion of the " cheaters" . The problem ensues when you create the syllogism that " some poker players are depraved" . You don't actually know that this syllogism is correct. Deductively you can't tell if any "poker players" encompassed within the " cheaters" circle would be included in any way within the sphere of "depraved individuals". Bilaterally ambiguous premises rarely reveal in their syllogism anything stronger than a possible relationship between two premises. The way a properly composed premise is stated determines the categorical group. The use of terms such as a ll, always, every, no, none, and never, would lead one towards a universally inclusive or exclusive assignment. Use of words like some, sometimes, occasionally, and usually, will offer exceptions and therefore be partial in nature. Any of these categorical syllogisms are capable of use in deduction. You need not use a universal tone in a premise to elicit further deduction. Partial or universal, they are both of utility in the deductive process.

parting thoughts chapter 12

t would seem that you could back up from effect to cause ad infinitum. There is some truth to this. If a patient slips on a snowy sidewalk, does that make your job include walking in front of them removing the snow that caused the slip that caused the vertebral subluxation? The backtracking paths of such causes are innumerable and the tasks involved are impossible to attain. As a Chiropractor you must focus upon your singular task in removing an obstruction to the normal processes of healing— the vertebral subluxation.

chapter 3

terminology

it is about choices

the choice to work toward understanding our Chiropractic philosophy is to be made at this moment. It is not an option to be a spectator to Chiropractic philosophy and comprehend its depths. There will be moments in the study of this text, as well as others, that we must receive many pieces of the puzzle before it becomes clear what the picture will be. If students of Chiropractic philosophy bring an open mind and willingness to learn, they will be rewarded. to Chiropractors there is no solace taken in simply removing the battery from the alarm. It is the search for a deeper reason that w ill make you into a Chiropractor. Your patients will not choose a community where fires are fought by removing batteries from alarms. They will choose to se the reason, logic and science of Chiropractic if you can impart it to them. They truly seek a new philosophy of health. As Chiropractic courses through its second century, you will find that Henry Ward Beecher's words in this chapter's opening reflect those o f your patients.

chapter 21

the conduit of coordination

chapter 20

the forces of innate intelligence

no 21 the mission of innate intellegence

the mission of Innate Intelligence is to maintain the material of the body of a "living thing" in active organization.

the osteopathic assimilation

the profession of osteopathy today little resembles that founded by A.T. Still over 100 years ago. Dr. Still wrote of the dangers of losing their separate and distinct identity early in their existence. He admonished that osteopaths must never prescribe medications or perform surgery. He felt strongly the need to hold steadfast to the culture of osteopathy. The assimilation of osteopathy is chronicled in an article in the New england journal of medicine "The move toward assimilation became explicit in California in the early 1960s, when the California Medical Association and the California Osteopathic Association merged in what has been called the osteopathic profession's darkest hour. By attending a short seminar and paying $65, a doctor o f osteopathy (D. O.) could obtain an M. D. degree; 86percent of the D.O.'s in the state (out of a total of about 2000) chose to do so. The College o f Osteopathic Physicians and Surgeons became the University of California College of Medicine, Irvine. Many osteopaths feared that the California merger was the wave o f the future and that the profession would not survive. "

the 21st century and the afferent nerve

the state of science at the time of the founding of Chiropractic must be taken into consideration. While they knew of the existence of both efferent and afferent nerves, the extensive nature of the afferent function was noted only a few years ago.95 Early 20th century science knew that there had to be a way for information to be drawn back to the brain, based upon observation of function. From a philosophic perspective they described the afferent nerve as being theoretical, not actual. Dr. Stephenson noted in his text that the state of science had not sufficiently advanced to answer the questions of philosophy. "Every tissue cell has communication with Innate Intelligence in the brain by means of afferent nerves." " While the Afferent route is not definitely known; it is definitely known that there is an Afferent route. As Chiropractic grows older and people's knowledge of nerve physiology increases, more is known about the afferent nerves, and year by year the findings of the anatomist support the Chiropractic theories along this line." " Afferent nerves are those which begin at the tissues and lead to the brain. Anatomically, afferent nerves are not so well understood as the efferent,..."96 At the time he wrote his well-known text in 1927, the role of exteroceptive afferent neurology had been identified. The optic. acoustic, olfactory, and gustatory nerves were fairly well understood from both anatomical and physiological perspective. How you sense your external world through exteroception was very much accepted. It was not until the year 2000 that the greater role of afferent neurology began to become better understood.4 "Recent functional anatomical work has detailed an afferent neural system in primates and in humans that represents all aspects of the physiological condition o f the body." 98 Given that advances have been made to establish higher probabilities for communicative afferent pathways than what had existed when B.J. Palmer first authored 'Cycles', this text will offer views of Cycles based upon these newer revelations. As you study these models, recall again that in the past decade science has offered a physical tissue cell as the afferent nerve of our cycles. The predictions made a century ago, that science would one day validate the pathway for constant innate knowledge of every tissue cell of your body, have finally been realized. You will be exposed to the current scientific views of the afferent function that were not available when the original cycles were first described. Dr. B.J. Palmer first lectured on this subject over 100 years ago, in 1907. The purpose here is not to demean or lessen the importance o f his efforts, but to buttress your philosophic understanding using the more complete scientific understanding that Stephenson noted was lacking at that time. The alterations to the description o f the afferent nerve in this text do not change the original conclusions made by Dr. Palmer. It should be noted that the scientific conclusions of today support the Chiropractic cyclic theories. It may be judged harshly as decades pass and more data is unearthed.in an attempt to explain the human experience. That being said you should never be dissuaded in striving for a greater comprehension of the nature of our existence.

defining the vertebral subluxation

the vertebral subluxation diminishes the body's ability to adapt to itself and its surrounding environment. The clinical necessity becomes the identification and correction of the vertebral subluxation. The vertebral subluxation itself has four components: 1) Loss of juxtaposition to the vertebra above, below or both 2) Occlusion of a neural foramen 3) Compromised neural integrity or function 4) Interference to the flow of mental impulses

NO. 6 the principle of time

there is no process that does no require time.

the conditional syllogism

this syllogism contains if, then scenarios. That is to say if condition X occurs then condition Y w ill occur. You might say, "If I study for this test, then I will get an 'A'."This opens itself to many questions. Let's assume you did study for this test. Does that mean you w ill get an "A"? Then again, if you don t study, is it still possible to get an " A " on this test? Yes, it is.Logic would lead us to believe the likelihood would be far less in the second case than the first. The second possibility is just not developed in the premise. Let's say you received and " A " on this test. Does that mean it was caused by studying? Therein lays a common and dangerous false argument. You have seen this in research. For instance, a patient goes to a Chiropractor and months or years later has a cerebral hemorrhage. Just because a Chiropractic visit occurred chronologically before a second event does not establish a causal relationship. It might have been that this same patient watched "The Wizard of Oz" the very day before this hemorrhage occurred. This same logic could be used to say that watching "The Wizard of Oz" causes strokes. This is equally rational in theoretical logic inquiry' to the causal relationship concerning the visit to you as a Chiropractor. It is also unacceptable to accept the conclusion and deny the initial assertion. Could watching "The Wizard of Oz" cause this stroke? By the tools of logic, yes— although the probability is low given that most of us have seen the movie and have not suffered the consequence o f a stroke. It could also be that most of these individuals were married or exercised regularly. Would you then conclude that marriage or exercise causes stroke? These conditional syllogisms are not typically used to create fallacious arguments, but as a student of Chiropractic it is vital that you be aware o f the opportunity for such to occur. A conditional syllogism may also allow for the anticipated result not to occur, even if the precursor does occur. Take the same example again. If I study for this test, then I w ill get an 'A '." Can you study for this test and still not get an "A "? Absolutely. Just because a condition occurs there is no guarantee of the anticipated result. Again it may be, as in this case, that the result may occur at a higher probability if the precursor does occur.

the cause is obvious... isn't it?

ust because (B) occurs after (A), does not mean (B) was caused by (A). You need to recognize post hoc fallacy when using reasoning to develop such syllogisms. You studied this reasoning process in Chapter 4. Often in health care there are assumptions made upon findings after the cause has completed its effect. In that chapter, Dr. B.J. Palmer used several analogies to make this point. He related finding a decaying bird and making the assumption that the maggots found on the dead bird had jumped up in the air, grabbed the bird and killed it. The logical connection is analogous to many you will experience in the care of patients. Humans are complex living systems that cannot be easily reduced to a single variable as a cause that allows universal application.

chapter 23

vertebral subluxation

chapter 2

what is chiropractic philosophy

chapter 1

what is chiropractic?

can innate intelligence be overridden

you can make choices that defy the constructive efforts of Innate intelligence. You can decide to smoke cigarettes, eat dirt or broken glass, or jump off a tall building. How can this risky and even detrimental behavior be allowed? if the purpose of Innate Intelligence is to provide positive influence Within the body how can this be overridden? There is obviously more at work than has been considered to this point. These voluntary acts require coordination and intelligence to occur.

where do you go from here?

you have spent a considerable amount of time and effort studying the theories underpinning the practice of Chiropractic. There has been much to digest and thoughtfully consider in these thirty chapters. At times it is certainly confusing, but like all knowledge it slowly unfolds. As each lingering question was answered for you often two new questions would then take its place. So is the process of gaining knowledge. Certainly you can now explain the strengths of Chiropractic's views with greater vigor and confidence. You could explain the rationale for seeing the uniqueness of individuals where medical care compares them to averages or normals across populations. Additionally you know the strengths and weaknesses of logic, as well as the research and education models tied to them. The culture of Chiropractic is made more secure by having your new found understanding of the critical role the philosophy and lexicon of Chiropractic plays in its very existence. You learned details of the thirty-three principles that enable you to use them as a reference to solve most questions of Chiropractic philosophy. Use the Chiropractic philosophy you have learned in this text as the rationale of your patient care and you will reach the heights of Chiropractic success. As so many other fields in health care search for what you now know, may your patients find the answers they seek through your newfound knowledge.

" Chaos does not exist in nature, man creates chaos.

—Stephen Hawking, PhD