chapter 1

What fraction of the world's population does NOT have access to clean water? a. 1/8 b. 1/6 c. 1/4 d. 1/3

1/6

How much water does the average human require daily to meet basic domestic needs? a. 10-15 liters b. 20-50 liters c. 50-75 liters d. 75-100 liters

20 - 50 liters

The loss of trees and forest organisms to deforestation accounts for as much as ____ percent of the world's CO2. a. 10 b. 30 c. 50 d. 75

30

Which statement is NOT an example of a geographic inquiry? a. How did a group of people come to occupy a particular place? b. How have people modified the physical aspects of a place to suit their needs? c. How have people contributed to a particular environmental problem? d. All of the above are examples of geographical inquiry.

All of the above are examples of geographical inquiry.

Which organization is a regional trade bloc? a. United Nations (UN) b. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) c. International Monetary Fund (IMF) d. Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)

Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)

Which premise BEST supports the theory of plate tectonics? a. Earth's surface is made up of large plates that float on molten rock. b. Large plates formed when meteors struck Earth 65 million years ago. c. Present-day plates resulted from the erosion of the supercontinent Pangaea. d. The land surface of Earth is rooted on large oceanic plates.

Earth's surface is made up of large plates that float on molten rock.

Reasons for concern regarding the use of GM crops do NOT include that: a. GM crops could cause catastrophic crop failure. b. GM seeds are much more expensive than traditional seed. c. GM crops could cause unintended environmental degradation. d. GM seeds are widely used in Europe.

GM seeds are widely used in Europe.

Which problem is NOT among those that arise from the use of gross domestic product (GDP) as a measure of societal and human well-being? a. It overemphasizes social aspects of well-being at the expense of economic aspects. b. It does not reflect the distribution of wealth in a given population. c. It does not account for differences in purchasing power across the world. d. It does not include the goods and services produced in the informal economy.

It overemphasizes social aspects of well-being at the expense of economic aspects

Suppose that Country A has a TFR of 4.5 and Country B has a TFR of 1.3. Which statement BEST summarizes the population trend in these countries? a. There is a higher birth rate in Country B than in Country A. b. More people are migrating from Country A than from Country B. c. The rate of natural increase in Country A is higher than in Country B. d. More babies are being born in Country A than in Country B.

More babies are being born in Country A than in Country B.

According to the textbook, which statement is TRUE about racial differences among humans? a. Race has been used as a justification for exploitation in many different regions of the world. b. Racial markings are significant in explaining the internal biological differences among humans. c. Racism originated in present-day England, and the ideas spread through colonization. d. Race determines the many different subspecies of the human race.

Race has been used as a justification for exploitation in many different regions of the world.

Which statement is TRUE concerning multinational corporations? a. They replace free trade blocs as the key institution in the development of the global economy. b. They design systems that utilize highly skilled, highly paid labor resources. c. They possess the ability to influence the political affairs in countries where they operate. d. They expand trade among cities within country borders while blocking international trade across borders.

They possess the ability to influence the political affairs in countries where they operate.

Which occurrence is typical of a shift from a subsistence to cash economy? a. Education becomes less important to one's income-earning potential. b. Birth rates increase because parents can support more children. c. Young children become an economic drain on the family. d. Children are increasingly depended on to provide care for the elderly.

Young children become an economic drain on the family.

An unintended effect of a society's preference for boys over girls can be: a. fewer artists in the society. b. a loss of family traditions. c. a weakened educational system. d. a shortage of marriageable women.

a shortage of marriageable women

The center of Pangaea is thought to have been modern-day: a. Africa. b. North America. c. South America. d. Australia.

africa

Developing nations are usually characterized by _____ economies, while developed nations are usually characterized by the presence of _____ industries. a. agricultural; service b. industrial; service c. service; agricultural d. industrial; knowledge-based

agricultural, service

Suppose you are on the beach at night, and you experience a breeze blowing from the land out to the ocean. This breeze is caused by: a. carbon dioxide being pushed out of human dwellings at night. b. excess nitrogen in the air. c. evaporated water seeking a place to condense back into liquid water. d. air flowing from the cooling land onto the relatively warmer water.

air flowing from cooling land onto the relatively warmer water

In nearly all societies, families prefer boys over girls. Reasons for which this phenomenon is true do NOT include that boys: a. are easier to raise and considered more easy-going. b. will have greater earning capacity as adults. c. will perpetuate the family name. d. will have more social power as adults.

are easier to raise and considered more easy-going.

Arguments against free trade do NOT include that free trade: a. leads to job loss in more developed countries. b. causes greater migration from wealthy countries to developing countries. c. leads to an increase in global wealth disparity. d. causes companies to manufacture products in countries without environmental regulations in order to lower costs.

causes greater migration from wealthy countries to developing countries

When plates slip past each other, the result is a(n): a. volcano eruption. b. earthquake. c. mountain. d. lake.

earthquake

Which statement is NOT a positive ripple effect of developing countries investing more resources in the education of females? a. Educated women are more likely to migrate to another country. b. The children of educated women are more likely to finish secondary school. c. The children of educated women are healthier. d. Educated women have fewer children, which helps the family financially.

educated women are more likely to migrate to another country

The globe is divided into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres at the: a. International Date Line. b. equator. c. Tropic of Cancer. d. Tropic of Capricorn.

equator

In a country with traditional gender roles, men are more likely to serve as _____, while women serve as _____. a. government leaders; farmers b. executives; homemakers c. farmers; hunters d. caregivers; farmers

executives, homemakers

(T/F) A nation's GDP per capita reveals how quickly it is consuming its natural resources.

false

(T/F) Bottled water in the United States is held to high levels of quality by the government.

false

(T/F) Despite gene flows through migration, most modern ethnic groups possess a discrete set of biological characteristics.

false

(T/F) European colonization prevented the spread of Roman Catholicism.

false

(T/F) GDP per capita statistics take the informal economy and unpaid labor into account.

false

(T/F) Gender roles that designate females as second-class citizens are rare in societies outside of North America.

false

(T/F) Highly resilient cities, such as New York, are not vulnerable to the impacts of climate change.

false

(T/F) Informal religions are characterized by a central doctrine and a firm policy on who may practice the religion.

false

(T/F) It is easy to agree on all of the features of a culture, such as American culture.

false

(T/F) Most world regions are defined by the same set of indicators.

false

(T/F) Oceanic plates are thicker and less dense than continental plates.

false

(T/F) Regardless of their location, Kurds share a specific way of life.

false

(T/F) Scientific evidence points to the fact that certain races have particularly high mathematical ability.

false

(T/F) Subsistence economies are more likely to have good health care than cash economies.

false

(T/F) The United Nations possesses the world's largest standing army.

false

(T/F) The processes of plate tectonics are external processes that form landscapes, whereas the processes of weathering and erosion are internal processes that further shape landforms and landscapes.

false

(T/F) The sharp boundaries shown on climate maps point to the sharp differences in climate as one moves gradually from west to east, or north to south.

false

(T/F) The textbook draws fundamental distinctions between a cultural group and an ethnic group.

false

(T/F) The theory of global warming suggests that levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are decreasing and preventing the release of reflected solar heat.

false

(T/F) The volume of water that a person directly uses in a year is called virtual water.

false

What term describes rainfall caused by the interaction of large air masses of different temperatures and densities? a. orographic precipitation b. shadow precipitation c. convergence precipitation d. frontal precipitation

frontal precipitation

Which statement is NOT true of cities? a. They are centers of innovation, culture, and jobs. b. Growth of jobs in cities cannot keep up with the in-migration of rural residents. c. Many slum areas are plagued by poor housing, out-of-date infrastructure, and inadequate access to food, water, and education. d. Good urban planning worldwide has resulted in little unplanned growth in cities.

good urban planning worldwide has resulted in little unplanned growth in cities

The prime meridian runs from the North Pole to the South Pole through: a. New York City, USA. b. Berlin, Germany. c. London, England. d. Greenwich, England.

greenwich, england

Food security would NOT be diminished by: a. the price of other resources, such as oil. b. improved methods of sustainable agriculture. c. economic disruptions. d. overproduction in rich countries.

improved methods of sustainable agriculture.

Which factor is NOT a result of fair trade policies? a. elimination of profits for intermediaries/middlemen b. improved working conditions for laborers c. increased investor profits d. living wages for workers

increased investor profits

A problem with the concept of culture is that: a. it is not a term commonly used by geographers. b. the United Nations has questioned its validity. c. it is applied to large groups that share only the most general of characteristics. d. it is considered racially divisive and old-fashioned in an era of increased tolerance.

it is applied to large groups that share only the most general of characteristics

The rising levels of greenhouse gasses (e.g., carbon dioxide) in the atmosphere are attributable to: a. subsistence agricultural practices. b. increasing rate of seawater evaporation. c. large-scale burning of fossil fuels. d. global reforestation efforts.

large-scale burning of fossil fuels

Large Kurdish populations are found in Syria, Iraq, Iran, Turkey, and: a. St. Louis, Missouri, USA. b. Toronto, Canada. c. London, England. d. Auckland, New Zealand.

london england

A city that is NOT home to the new middle class of educated urban residents is: a. Cape Town, South Africa. b. Mumbai, India. c. Shanghai, China. d. Mexico City, Mexico.

mexico city, mexico

According to the theory of plate tectonics, continental drift is caused by: a. climate change in the upper atmosphere. b. molten rock flowing from hot regions deep inside Earth to cooler surface regions and back. c. the smashing together of oceanic plates. d. the collision of an oceanic plate with a continental plate.

molten rock flowing from hot regions deep inside earth to cooler surface regions and back

Possible results of global warming do NOT include: a. multinational corporations abruptly pulling out of developing nations. b. the disappearance of animal and plant species. c. more chaotic and severe weather. d. human populations displaced from coastal areas and low-lying islands.

multinational corporations abruptly pulling out of developing nations

Water is now the third most valuable commodity in the world, after: a. oil and electricity. b. diamonds and gold. c. corn and wheat. d. exchange rates and crop yields.

oil and electricity

Through which ocean does the longitude line at 180° run? a. Atlantic b. Pacific c. Indian d. Arctic

pacific

Which activity does NOT contribute to increased levels of greenhouse gas emissions? a. electricity generation b. photosynthesis c. large-scale raising of pasture animals d. automotive vehicles

photosynthesis

Geography as a discipline links the _____ with the _____. a. city; state b. physical sciences; social sciences c. study of biology; study of sociology d. people; government

physical sciences, social sicences

Experts agree that certain factors must be present for democratization to flourish. These factors do NOT include: a. political dynasties and inherited wealth. b. broad-based prosperity. c. an educated population. d. the presence of social institutions that encourage a sense of unity and purpose.

political dynasties and inherited wealth

The leading cause of death among girls between the ages of 15 and 19 worldwide is: a. food poisoning. b. lack of drinking water. c. pregnancy. d. heart disease.

pregnancy

What is the key goal of multinational corporations? a. the development of world trade b. environmental protection c. increased employment in host countries d. profit

profit

Cartographers solve the problem of showing the spherical Earth on a flat piece of paper by using: a. lines of latitude. b. projections. c. globes instead of flat maps. d. degrees, minutes, and seconds.

projections

Between 1945 and 2015, Earth's population: a. roughly doubled. b. roughly tripled. c. remained mostly constant. d. decreased dramatically.

roughly tripled

____ refers to the biological category of male or female, while ____ refers to the differences between the sexes as defined by a particular social group. a. Gender; sex b. Sex; gender c. Sex; discrimination d. Gender; sex roles

sex, gender

Which factor does NOT impact a place's vulnerability to climate change? a. size b. resilience c. sensitivity d. exposure

size

The 2007 spike in world corn prices was brought about by: a. a switch from corn production to wheat production. b. the increase in global prices of oil. c. speculation in alternative energy sources. d. decreased demand for corn as a food staple.

speculation in alternative energy sources

Which factor is NOT an example of a human resource? a. a body of knowledge b. brainpower and analytical thinking c. skills such as building and design d. steel

steel

Water scarcity is NOT the result of: a. population growth. b. increased per capita demand for water due to modernization. c. inequitable allocation of water. d. sustainable farming initiatives.

sustainable farming initiatives

Which statement is TRUE regarding the Cold War and its effects? a. During the Cold War, the United States and the USSR both promoted capitalism. b. The Cold War had little effect on the internal and external policies of countries other than the United States and the USSR. c. The Cold War became a race to attract the loyalties of unallied countries and to arm them. d. Post-Cold War geopolitics allowed many southeastern European countries to resolve their political conflicts peacefully, embracing the diversity in their countries.

the cold war became a race to attract the loyalties of allied countries and to arm them

Given the differential heating and cooling rates of land and water, which land area is more likely to experience the MOST extreme change in temperature and air pressure over a year? a. the interior of a vast landmass b. a small island c. a long, narrow peninsula d. a wide river delta

the interior of a vast landmass

Which statement does NOT describe the current state of world languages? a. A few languages have become dominant. b. There are fewer than 1000 spoken languages left on Earth. c. Some languages are spoken by only a few dozen people. d. Many languages have several dialects. Feedback

there are fewer than 1000 spoken languages left on earth

Suppose that a country's population pyramid is truly pyramid shaped, with a wide band at the bottom and a much narrower band at the top. What is the BEST description of the population of this country? a. There are many more women than men in the country. b. There are many more very young people than very old people in the country. c. The country's total fertility rate is probably about 1.5. d. The country is experiencing a low rate of migration.

there are many more very young people rather than very old people in the country

(T/F) A capitalist system is one based on the private ownership of capital and is driven by the profit motive in a competitive marketplace.

true

(T/F) A country has a growth rate of zero when its birth rate and death rate are equal.

true

(T/F) All projections entail some distortion.

true

(T/F) Data indicate that the twentieth century was the warmest century in 600 years.

true

(T/F) Despite lacking biological justification, race has acquired enormous social and political significance over time.

true

(T/F) Geographers like to use region as a conceptual model because it offers a reasonable way to divide the world into manageable parts.

true

(T/F) Human activity such as agriculture, forestry, and damming rivers can contribute to external landscape processes.

true

(T/F) In general, people tend to live where resources such as food and water are available.

true

(T/F) In general, the developing nations are more vulnerable to the effects of global warming than the developed nations.

true

(T/F) In most societies for most of history, men have been expected to play public roles and women have been expected to play private roles.

true

(T/F) In the textbook, the argument is made that the boundaries between regions are rarely, if ever, distinct and certain.

true

(T/F) Lines of longitude (also called meridians) run from pole to pole; lines of latitude (also called parallels) run parallel to the equator.

true

(T/F) Nearly 90 percent of Earth's population lives north of the equator.

true

(T/F) Poor migrants to some cities usually find themselves living in a favela or tent village.

true

(T/F) Race is a biologically meaningless concept.

true

(T/F) Racism has often been used to justify enslavement of groups or the theft of land and resources.

true

(T/F) Regions with slow population growth tend to be more affluent.

true

(T/F) Suppose a Burger King Whopper costs $4.79 in the United States. If we estimate the cost of a Whopper in India as equivalent to $1.83, we have used the concept of purchasing power parity to make the comparison.

true

(T/F) The United Nations Human Development Index (HDI) considers education and life expectancy in addition to income in determining the social well-being of a particular population.

true

(T/F) The climate of an area in a rain shadow is dry.

true

(T/F) The last major global climate change took place about 15,000 years ago, when the glaciers of the last ice age began to melt.

true

(T/F) The moral codes of various world religions, such as Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism, are part of culture.

true

(T/F) The normal ratio worldwide is about 95 females born for every 100 males.

true

(T/F) The population pyramid for a population that is getting younger would be wider at the bottom than at the top.

true

(T/F) The so-called Cold War involving the United States and the Soviet Union provides an example of geopolitics.

true

(T/F) The spread of a particular religion can often be seen along historical trade routes.

true

_____ refers to short-term changes in temperature and other factors, while _____ is a long-term balance of temperature and precipitation. a. Climate; weather b. Weather; climate c. Meteorology; weather d. Global warming; climate change

weather, climate

Through which landscape process is rock broken down into smaller pieces? a. mass wasting b. deposition c. weathering d. erosion

weathering

Which question is MOST commonly asked by political ecologists? a. What is the best form of government for this particular country? b. How can the voting systems of this particular nation be improved? c. Who benefits most from economic development projects? d. How can a nation increase its GDP per capita through educational initiatives?

who benefits most from economic development