Chapter 1

have an advanced degree in psychology (MD and PhD or PsyD) with a specialty in understanding and helping people with psychological problems

Clinical Psychologist

means thought and knowledge

Cognition

compares the behavior of people from different cultures

Cross-Cultural Psychologist

Every behavior has a cause according to..

Determinism

the idea that everything that happens has a cause that someone could observe or measure

Determinism

study how behavior changes with age

Developmental Psychologist

attempts to facilitate the operation of machinery so that ordinary people can use it efficiently and safely

Human Factors Specialist

the systematic study of behavior and experience

Psychology

The first laboratory for psychological research was founded in 1879 by

Wilhelm Wundt

The field of psychology broke away from philosophy when psychologists began to

collect and evaluate evidence scientifically

Mary Calkins, a memory researcher in the early 1900s, is an important person in the history of psychology because she

illustrates the barriers faced by women in the early days of psychology

Industrial/Organizational psychologists study

people at work

the belief that behavior is caused by a person's independent decisions

free will

Which approach to psychology was advocated by William James in the late 1800's?

functionalism

The main difference between a psychiatrist and a clinical psychologist is that psychiatrist

has an M.D. instead of a Ph.D.

A clinical psychologist specializes in

helping people with psychological disorders

provides advice and consultation to police, lawyers, and courts

Forensic Psychologist

A cognitive psychologist studies?

thinking and acquiring knowledge

tries to explain behavior in terms of the evolutionary history of the species, including why evolution might have favored a tendency to act in particular ways

Evolutionary Psychologist

similar to a clinical psychologist but with different training

Clinical Social Worker

studies thought and knowledge

Cognitive Psychologist

help people with educational, vocational, marriage, health related, and other decisions

Counseling Psychologist

the psychological study of people at work

Industrial/Organizational Psychology

What do psychologists and philosophers mean by the term mind-body question?

Is the mind separate from or identical with the physical brain?

Who is the recognized founder of behaviorism?

John Watson

how behavior depends on the outcomes of past behaviors and current motivations

Learning and Motivation

specialists who provide services to the military

Military Psychologist

a branch of medicine that deals with emotional disturbances

Psychiatry

Therapy providers who rely heavily on the theories and methods pioneered by the early 20th century Viennese physician Sigmund Freud and later modified by others

Psychoanalysts

specialists in the psychological condition of students usually in k-12

School Psychologist

studies how an individual influences other people and how the group influences an individual

Social Psychologist

Sigmund Freud, the Austian psychiatrist, attempted to help his paitents by

analyzing patients' dreams and tracing current behavior to childhood experiences

Wundt collected data by

asking people to report on their subjective experiences

Psychology is best defined as the study of

behavior and experience

developmental psychologists study

behavioral changes over all ages, including the elderly

Which type of psychologist is most likely to investigate the principle of learning?

behaviorist

explains behavior in terms of biological factors, such as activities of the nervous system, the effects of drugs and hormones, genetics, and evolutionary pressures

biopsychologist

The mind is separate from the brain but somehow controls the brain and therefore the rest of the body

dualism

A biopsychologist tries to relate behavior to

electrical and chemical activities in the brain

The main interest of social psychologists is

how behavior is influenced by other people

The nature-nurture issue can best be defined as the study of?

how differences in behavior relates to differences in heredity and environment

The primary difference between a clinical psychologist and a counseling psychologist is that a counseling psychologist is more likely to deal with a person who

is dealing with an important life decision

the philosophical question of how experience relates to the brain

mind-brain problem

the view that conscious experience is inseparable from the physical brain

monism

how do differences in behavior relate to differences in hereditary and environment?

nature-nurture issue