Chapter 1, Anthropology Exam 1, Chapter 2, Anth 101: Quiz 1 (Midterm Prep), Anthropology Quizes, Anthro exam

Cultural Anthropologist

An anthropologist is studying ethnic religious conflict in contemporary Sri Lanka. What type of anthropologist is this?

Theory

An explanation supported by reliable data is known as what?

Phenotype

An organisms evident traits, its "manifest biology" is known as what?

Material Remains

Anthropological archaeologist study what?

Both time and space

Anthropology is a holistic discipline in that it studies human biological, cultural, and linguistic variation across what?

Ancient Languages

Biological anthropologist do not study what?

Archaeology

Cultural resource management is an example of applied what?

Human Conflict

Empathy, putting ourselves in their shoes, value diversity are all good strategies to avoid what?

More Contact with other cultures

Growth in globalization equals what?

Star Wars written using:

Joseph Campbell's writings on mythology as a guide

technology in cultural evolution

MAIN driving force

Physical

Molecular anthropology, paleoanthropology, biocultural, forensic anthropology, and primatology all go under what type of anthropology?

Kottak draws between culture and society

People share society organized life in groups with other animals, but culture is distinctly human is the distinction that?

Human Populations

Phenotypical variation between what? involves gradual shifts across different geographic zones, rather than sharp breaks indicative of discrete races.

Human Variation

Physical anthropology looks as humans as biological organisms, evolution, and what other thing?

Cultural Adaption

Pressurized cabin of an airplane flying at high altitudes provides an example of what?

biological variations

Rather than attempting to classify humans into racial categories, biologist and anthropologist are seeking to explain why specific what occurs?

Abelam Pig hunt Papau, New Guinea

Scaglion was sent with women for he was too loud, tried to explain gravity and the round earth, but they didnt think it was round bcuz people would fall off.

Genetic Adaption

Tendency of people living in the Peruvian Andes to develop a voluminous chest and lungs for life at very high altitudes provides an example of what?

Ethnology

The comparative, generalizing aspect?

Ethnography

The firsthand, personal study of local setting is known as what?

Adaption

The processes by which organisms cope with environmental forces and stresses is known as what?

Paleocology

The study of interactions among past living things in a past environment is known as what?

Applied Anthropology

The use of anthropological findings, concepts, and methods to accomplish a desired end is known as what?

Anthropologist

These types of people describe and explain reality which would be ideal versus real culture, formulate and test hypothesis, and develop and test theories?

Holistic Perspective

This type of perspective is the fundamental principle, various parts of culture viewed in the context, and it studies all aspects, which type of perspective is this?

Misunderstandings

Too much conflict and loss of human life due to what?

False

True or False. Academic anthropology refers to the use of anthropological knowledge and methods to identify and solve social problems.

False

True or False. Anthropologist use the term society to refer to customs and traditions passed from generation to generation through learning.

True

True or False. Anthropology is unique in that it is both holistic and cross-cultural.

False

True or False. Anthropology's biocultural approach entais finding evolutionary explanations for all human behaviors.

True

True or False. Culture is not itself biological, but it rests on certain features of human biology.

True

True or False. Folate aids in the production of sperm.

True

True or False. Higher amounts of melanin in the skin inhibit the body's ability to manufacture vitamin D.

True

True or False. Linguistic anthropologist study how languages vary in time and space, and how language and culture influence each other.

False

True or False. Natural selection is the process by which the forms least fit to survive and reproduce in a given environment do so in greater numbers than others in the same population.

True

True or False. Racial classifications do not accurately represent the wide diversity of skin colors and other biological traits present among human populations.

False

True or False. Rickets is caused by an overabundance of vitamin D in the body.

True

True or False. The destruction of folate is caused by UV radiation.

False

True or False. The experience of hyperventilation upon reaching a high altitude environment illustrates a long-term physiological adaptation to high altitude.

True

True or False. The term enculturation refers to the process through which children learn culture.

Comparative and Biocultural Perspective

What allows the inclusion of both biological and cultural approaches to comment or solve a particular issue or problem is anthropology's what?

Biological, linguistic, cultural, and archaeology

What are the four main sub disciplines of anthropology?

Hypothesis

What is a tentative explanation called?

Applied Anthropology

What is another name for practical anthropology?

It has an exclusive focus on contemporary cultures

What is not a distinctive feature of four field anthropology?

Culture

What is the road map for survival?

Ultraviolent Radiation

What plays a role in determining skin color?

Archaeology

What studies past human behavior?

Applied

What type of anthropology is used to solve practical problems?

Physical

What type of anthropology studies fossils and living primates to reconstruct the ancestry of humans?

Cultural

What type of anthropology studies the customary patterns in human behavior, thought and feelings?

Helps prevent rickets

Why do human populations living in temperate, northern climates generally have light skin?

Because race is socially constructed not biologically determined

Why is it important to understand human racial categories are based upon perceptions of phenotypic features and not on genotypes?

sedentary

a style of living characterized by permanent or semipermanent settlements.

cultural text

a way of thinking about culture as a text of significant symbols-words, gestures, drawings, natural objects-that carries meaning.

political capital

access to info, access to gov., freedom of expression

industrial revolution

agriculture changed to industrial goods, urbanization and factory system.

domain of experience

an area of experience in which people gather meaning of which they apply to another experience.

Kwa' and hunger

associate hunger food and eating with the soul. eating provides nutrition and frees the soul. Kwa place dead on scaffolds for ravens to devour. soul will enter into salmon. once that salmon is eaten, the soul moves into a newborn child. MASKS of animals, transformation.

social capital

consists of social networks, community and family functions.. ex. child care, education, entertainment

factory system

consists of spinners, weavers and others together to produce cloth.

secondary elaboration

construct problems with ritualistic process and try to explain inconsistencies with belief. EX. oracles with poison chickens

market externalities

costs or benefits of economic transactions that are not included in prices. political, environmental or social consequences.

ritual

dramatic rendering of meanings shared by a specific body of people that makes them seem correct or true.

cannibalism among Wari

eat the dead to rid of them completely, burn all possessions and land that relate to the dead person in order to rid of their memories.

Hog Hotels

ex. of small family farms being taken over by large corporate owned facilities.

Ona

exposed to first encounters with european settlers and got syphilis and measles and TB, were hunted and enslaved.... extinct in 100 years of europe settlers

Balinese Cock Fighting

fights are all about status, owner, family and village involved. "followers" are people who bet on the cocks, whose social fate falls onto the winner or loser of the fight.

anthropological fieldwork

firsthand or direct immersion and observation of the people or culture a researcher is trying to understand.

natural capital

forests, water, minerals, air

Cannibal Dance (KWA)

four day spectacle, hamasta is cannibal dancer, goes into woods and "craves" human flesh, then the cannibal society calls him into village, trying to lure him into the house and get him to eat normal food, baiting people to lure him, finally bathe him in smoke of bark soaked in menstrual blood, he goes in and eats normal food, the members rid him of his cannibal craving and has been tamed.

hunger=

greed

twinkies

hidden costs: sugar costs, diet pills, weight loss programs, producing, distributing, water management infrastructure for sugarcane, military to keep regulation and trade

people who hoard food=

hoard souls, preventing return of new souls

relativistic fallacy

idea that it is impossible to make moral judgments about the beliefs and behaviors of others.

Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

idea that there is a specific link between the grammar of language people speak to the culture they live in.

Game of Chess

involves social order, hierarchy, war, rank is power

WTO

major watchdog of free trade

Crow

no life after buffalo died out, Fort Laramie Treaty was beginning of end,

fiat money

paper used as evidence of claim to value, but not redeemable.. ex. paper money

magic and witchcraft metaphor

planes and levels

World Bank

promote economic development, by loaning out money to countries in need post-war times

free trade

removal of barriers to free flow of goods and capital between countries by eliminating import and export taxes or subsidies paid to farmers

virginity testing in turkey

sheets searched for blood after honeymoon. blood- virgin. no blood on sheet- had pre-marital sex and not acceptable.

interpretive drift

slow, unacknowledged shift in someone's manner of interpreting events as they become involved with a particular activity.

Holiness Church

snake handlers, holy spirit within, comes out in tongues

commodity money

substance was of some value.. ex. gold coin

neoliberalism

synomymous with globalism, minimal gov. involvement in economy and greatly accelerated economic growth, FREE TRADE, globalization on steroids

ethnocentrism

tendency to judge the beliefs and behaviors of other cultures from the perspective of one's own culture.

participant observation

the active participation of a researcher or observer in the lives of those being studied.

relativism

the attempt to understand the beliefs and behaviors of other cultures in terms of the culture in which they are found.

culture change

the change in meanings that a people ascribe to experience and changes in their way of life.

ethnographic method

the immersion of investigators in the lives of the people they are trying to understand and, through that experience, the attainment of some level of understanding of the meanings those people ascribe to their existence.

ethnocentric fallacy

the mistaken notion that the beliefs and behaviors of other cultures can be judged from the perspective of one's own culture.

population density

the number of people living in a given area

culture

the system of meanings about teh nature of experience that are shared by a people and passed from one generation to another.

capital conversion

transfer of something that has no monetary value to something that can be sold in the market

totemism

use of symbol, generally animal or plant, as a physical representation for a group, clan.