Chapter 1 Bio Test

A student is investigating the effect of different environmental factors on the growth of a certain species of bean plant over a period of 30 days. Which factor would not function as a variable in this investigation? A) species of bean plant B) soil moisture content C) amount of light D) atmospheric temperature

A

A student read that liquid extracted from an Aloe vera plant promotes the healing of burned tissue. She decided to investigate the effect of different concentrations of Aloe vera extract on the regeneration (regrowth of lost or damaged tissue) rate in planaria. Planaria are small flatworms known for their ability to regenerate. The student used a sterile scalpel to cut each of 30 planaria in half. This gave her 10 heads and 10 tails for each of three experimental groups. The planaria were kept in separate Petri dishes in the same amount of water and at the same temperature. Group 1 received 0% Aloe vera extract, Group 2 received a 20% concentration of the extract, and Group 3 received a 40% concentration. On days 7, 10, and 14, she recorded the amount of tissue regeneration in all three groups. She observed that the group with 20% Aloe vera added regenerated more slowly than the group with 40% added. A reasonable inference based on these results would be that A) Aloe vera affected the rate of cell division, resulting in an increased rate of regeneration B) the control group, which received no Aloe vera, did not regenerate C) if she applied 30% Aloe vera to a group, it would regenerate

A

After digesting the nutrients from a meal high in carbohydrates, the body A) releases insulin to return the blood sugar levels to normal B) secretes enzymes to absorb starch into the intestines C) produces water to maintain dynamic equilibrium in the blood D) maintains homeostasis by increasing wastes produced in muscle cells

A

An experiment is carried out to determine how different pH values of soil will affect the growth of tomato plants. In this experiment, the dependent variable could be the A) height of the tomato plants B) pH of the soil C) specific variety of tomato plants used D) pH of enzymes in tomato leaf cells

A

An investigation was designed to determine the effect of ultraviolet light on mold spore growth. Two groups of mold spores were grown under identical conditions, except one group was exposed only to ultraviolet light, while the other group was grown in total darkness. In this investigation, the group of mold spores grown without receiving any ultraviolet light is known as the A) control B) hypothesis C) dependent variable D) limiting factor

A

Experiments in mice show that a guardian gene that protects against type 1 diabetes can be altered by exposure to antibiotics during development. The exposure alters the gut bacteria, leading to a loss of the guardian gene's protection. The loss of this protection most directly interferes with A) homeostasis B) excretion C) reproduction D) respiration

A

Fighting the Flu A new technique to attack flu virus antigens is being tested on mice. Normally, antibodies attack the "head" portion of antigens on the surface of the flu virus. Since the "head" portions mutate frequently, the antibodies do not provide protection for very long. The new technique is to develop antibodies that attack the "stem" portion of the antigen. Since the "stem" regions do not mutate very often, the effectiveness of the vaccine should last longer. This technique is represented below. Which statement describes an observation that would best support the continued study of using antibodies produced by this new technique against the flu? A) A group of 50 mice with flu antibodies formed using the new technique were exposed to mutated forms of the flu. None of the mice became ill. B) The use of these antibodies in mice stopped mutations that occur in flu viruses. C) Chemical tests showed that the stem antibodies attached to the heads of some flu viruses and destroyed them. D) Blood tests showed that only "stem" antibodies attacking the stem of flu antigens can cause the flue in mice. Those attacking the "head" did not.

A

In Texas, researchers gave a cholesterol-reducing drug to 2,335 people and an inactive substitute (placebo) to 2,081. Most of the volunteers were men who had normal cholesterol levels and no history of heart disease. After 5 years, 97 people getting the placebo had suffered heart attacks compared to only 57 people who had received the actual drug. The researchers are recommending that to help prevent heart attacks, all people (even those without high cholesterol) take these cholesterol-reducing drugs. In addition to the information above, what is another piece of information that the researchers must have before support for the recommendation can be justified? A) Were the eating habits of the two groups similar? B) How does a heart attack affect cholesterol levels? C) Did the heart attacks result in deaths? D) What chemical is in the placebo?

A

In an appropriately designed experiment, a scientist is able to test the effect of A) a single variable B) multiple variables C) the hypothesis D) scientific observations

A

Species Present in Two Ponds Ecosystem: Plant Species Microorganisms Species Pond A: 10 20 Pond B: 11 5 Based on the information in the chart, how does the biodiversity present in pond A compare to the biodiversity present in pond B? A) Pond A has greater biodiversity than pond B because there are more species present. B) Pond B has more biodiversity than pond A because there are more plants present. C) Both ponds have the same levels of biodiversity because there is a variety of species present. D) The biodiversity cannot be determined without also identifying the abiotic factors present.

A

the information below and on your knowledge of biology. An experiment was carried out to answer the question "Does the pH of water affect the growth of radish plants?" Two groups of ten radish plants were set up. One group was watered with water having a pH of 3.0, and the other group was watered with water having a pH of 7.0. Both groups of plants received the same amount and intensity of light, the same amount of water, and they were grown in the same type of soil. The heights of the radish plants were measured every 2 days for a period of 2 weeks. Which activity might help to increase the validity of this experiment? A) repeating the experiment several times B) using two different types of radish seeds in each group C) using the same pH for both groups of plants D) placing one set of plants in sunlight and one in darkness

A

use the information below and on your knowledge of biology. A student designed an experiment to determine if air temperature had an effect on the rate of photosynthesis in corn plants. The independent variable in this experiment is the A) air temperature at which the corn plants were grown B) amount of carbon dioxide used by the corn plants C) volume of oxygen produced by the corn plants D) number of corn plants used

A

ATP is a compound that is synthesized when A) chemical bonds between carbon atoms are formed during photosynthesis B) energy stored in chemical bonds is released during cellular respiration C) energy stored in nitrogen is released, forming amino acids D) digestive enzymes break amino acids into smaller parts

B

In an investigation designed to determine the effect of the amount of water on plant growth, two groups of equal-sized bean plants of the same species were grown under identical conditions, except for the amount of water they were given. One group was watered with 200 milliliters of water once a day, while the other group was watered with 400 milliliters of water once a day. After several days, the heights of the plants were measured. It was determined that the plants watered with 400 milliliters of water once a day showed more growth. The variable in this investigation is the A) type of bean plants used in the experiment B) amount of water given the plants each day C) type of soil the bean plants were growing in D) group of bean plants watered with 200 ml of water

B

Viruses are considered an exception to the cell theory because they normally reproduce A) by binary fission B) only in a host cell C) sexually by forming seeds D) asexually by forming spores

B

Viruses are exceptions to the cell theory, but they have some characteristics of living things. What is one of these characteristics? A) They are made up of many specialized cells. B) They contain genetic material. C) They reproduce by mitosis. D) They contain chlorophyll.

B

What is the most likely reason for the variation in the dissolved oxygen levels in the pond over the 24-hour period? A) The increased light during the day decreases the oxygen produced by photosynthesis. B) Photosynthesis produces more oxygen during the day than is used by respiration. C) Respiration is reduced at night, so the oxygen produced by photosynthesis increases. D) More producers are active at night, so the dissolved oxygen increases.

B

Which process is represented by the arrow in the diagram below? Energy Stored in Food ---> Energy Available for Use by Living Organisms A) growth B) respiration C) regulation D) excretion

B

Which statement best describes cellular respiration? A) It occurs in animal cells but not in plant cells. B) It converts energy in food into a more usable form. C) It uses carbon dioxide and produces oxygen. D) It stores energy in food molecules.

B

A student wanted to investigate the effect of varying concentrations of tryptophan on a bacterial culture. Several cultures of the same bacterial species were grown on media, each with a different amount of tryptophan. The cultures were then incubated at 37°C. At the end of 24 hours, the cultures were examined. As a control, the student should have used a culture that A) contained no bacteria B) was incubated at 25°C C) contained no tryptophan D) was not incubated

C

An experiment was carried out to determine whether drinking caffeinated soda increases pulse rate. The pulse rates of two groups of people at rest were measured. Group A was then given caffeinated soda and group B was given caffeine-free soda. One hour after drinking the soda, the pulse rates were measured. The participants in the experiment were all the same age, and they were all given the same amount of soda. What is the dependent variable in this experiment? A) type of soda given to each group B) amount of soda given to each group C) pulse rate of each group D) age of participants in each group

C

How does the CONTROL GROUP setup in an experiment differ from the other setups in the same experiment? A) It tests a different hypothesis. B) It has more variables. C) It does not receive the experimental treatment (Independent Variable). D) It utilizes a different method of data collection.

C

Which change is an example of maintaining dynamic equilibrium? A) A plant wilts when more water is lost from the leaves than is lost by the roots. B) A plant turns yellow when light levels are very low C) Insulin is released when glucose levels in the blood are high. D) A person sweats when the environmental temperature is low.

C

Which procedure would most likely provide valid results in a test to determine if drug A would be effective in treating cancer in white mice? A) injecting 1 mL of drug A into 100 white mice with cancer and 0.5 mL of drug X into 100 white mice without cancer B) injecting 1 mL of drug A into 100 white mice with cancer and 0.5 mL of drug X into another group of 100 white mice with cancer C) injecting 1 mL of drug A into 100 white mice with cancer and 1 mL of distilled water into another group of 100 white mice with cancer

C

Which statement describes the best procedure to determine if a vaccine for a disease in a certain bird species is effective? A) Vaccinate 100 birds and expose all 100 to the disease. B) Vaccinate 100 birds and expose only 50 of them to the disease. C) Vaccinate 50 birds, do not vaccinate 50 other birds, and expose all 100 to the disease. D) Vaccinate 50 birds, do not vaccinate 50 other birds, and expose only the vaccinated birds to the disease.

C

Which statement regarding respiration is correct? A) Respiration in autotrophic organisms occurs only during the day. B) Fungi and monerans carry out aerobic respiration only. C) All living organisms carry out some form of respiration. D) All autotrophs and heterotrophs require glucose and oxygen for respiration.

C

By which process is the potential energy of organic molecules transferred to a form of energy that is usable by the cells? A) digestion B) hydrolysis C) photosynthesis D) respiration

D

Sexually reproduced offspring have traits similar to their parents because they receive A) all of the proteins from each parent B) some of the proteins from both parents C) all of the genes present in both parents D) some of the genes present in each parent

D

The energy an organism requires to transport materials and eliminate wastes is obtained directly from A) DNA B) starch C) hormones D) ATP

D

Three human hormones most directly involved in sexual reproduction are A) estrogen, insulin, and progesterone B) testosterone, estrogen, and insulin C) progesterone, ATP, and testosterone D) estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone

D

To prepare for an experiment, ten different sources of food were sterilized and kept in a sterile container. Bacteria of the same species were placed on each of the ten different food sources and kept at 26°C for two days. During this time, bacteria grew in nine of the containers. Based on this observation, the scientist could conclude that A) all ten food sources used in the experiment are capable of supporting this species of bacteria B) the temperature varied greatly in nine of the containers during this experiment C) only the container that failed to grow any bacteria was prepared correctly D) this species of bacteria synthesizes enzymes needed to digest the food in nine of the ten containers

D

When a test tube of water containing elodea (an aquatic plant) is placed near a bright light, the plant gives off gas bubbles. When the light is placed at different distances from the plant, the rate of bubbling is affected. The experimental variable in this demonstration is the A) concentration of gas in the water B) type of aquatic plant in the test tube C) amount of water in the test tube D) distance of the plant from the light

D

Which compound that directly provides energy in living cells is being produced in every tube where cellular respiration is occurring? A) oxygen B) glucose C) DNA D) ATP

D

the information below and on your knowledge of biology. An experiment was carried out to answer the question "Does the pH of water affect the growth of radish plants?" Two groups of ten radish plants were set up. One group was watered with water having a pH of 3.0, and the other group was watered with water having a pH of 7.0. Both groups of plants received the same amount and intensity of light, the same amount of water, and they were grown in the same type of soil. The heights of the radish plants were measured every 2 days for a period of 2 weeks. Which sentence is a possible hypothesis that was tested in this experiment? A)Does the pH of water affect the growth of radish plants? B)Will the amount of water alter the heights of the radish plants? C)The temperature of the water will affect the heights of the radish plants. D)The pH of the water will affect the heights of the radish plants.

D

use the information and data table below and on your knowledge of biology. A student wanted to investigate the effect of light on the rate of ripening of tomatoes. She set up four pots of the same size with identical amounts of soil, water, and type of tomato plants. Each plant was exposed to a different intensity of light as shown in the table below. The independent variable in this experiment is the A) type of tomato plant B) amount of soil provided C) color of tomatoes D) light intensity

D

Levels of organization in humans

cells --> tissues --> organs --> organ systems --> organism

Skin, muscle, nerve cells are most similar in the

information stored in their DNA

A similarity between these systems is that they all

work together to maintain a stable internal environment