Chapter 1

B2B

(business-to-business).

B2C

(business-to-consumer)

electronic data interchange

(eDI). EDI enabled computer-to-computer data transfer, usually over private telecommunications lines.

A horizontal system is a system

, such as an inventory or payroll application, that can be adapted for use in many different types of companies.

stakeholders.

People who have an interest in an information system

data consists of

basic facts that are the system's raw material

The purpose of the systems analysis phase is to

build a logical model of the new system.

To sketch complex models, analysts can choose computer-based tools that use

business process modeling notation (BPMN). BPMN includes standard shapes and symbols to represent events, processes, workflows, and more.

An information system

combines technology, people, and data to provide support for business functions such as order processing, inventory control, humanresources, accounting, and many more. Some information systems handle routine dayto-day tasks, while others can help managers make better decisions, spot marketplace trends, and reveal patterns that might be hidden in stored data.

enterprise applications

company-wide applications, include order processing systems, payroll systems, and company communications networks.

Product-oriented firms manufactured

computers, routers, or microchips,

enterprise resource planning (eRP) systems provide

cost-effective support for users and managers throughout the company. For example, a car rental company can use ERP to forecast customer demand for rental cars at hundreds of locations.

Information is

data that has been transformed into output that is valuable to users. An information system has five key

A vertical system is

designed to meet the unique requirements of a specific business or industry, such as a Web-based retailer, a medical practice, or an auto dealership.

Examples of user productivity systems include

e-mail, voice mail, fax, video and Web conferencing, word processing, automated calendars, database management, spreadsheets, desktop publishing, presentation graphics, company intranets, and integrated mobile computing systems.

A business process model (BPM)

graphically displays one or more business processes

radio frequency identification (RFID) technology uses

high-frequency radio waves to track physical objects,

legacy systems.

how a new system will interface with older systems, which are called

System software

manages the hardware components, which can include a single workstation or a global network with many thousands of clients.

A mission-critical system is

one that is vital to a company's operations.

Transaction processing (TP) systems

process data generated by day-to-day business operations. Examples of TP systems include customer order processing, accounts receivable, and warranty claim processing.

Application software consists of

programs that support day-to-day business functions and provide users with the information they need.

Agile methods typically use a spiral model, which

represents a series of iterations, or revisions, based on user feedback.

A system is a

set of related components that produces specific results. For example, specialized systems route Internet traffic,manufacture microchips, and control complex entities like the Hubbell Telescope,

Groupware programs enable users to

share data, collaborate on projects, and work in teams. Novell's GroupWise and Google Docs are two popular examples of groupware.

Systems analysis and design is a

step-by-step process for developing high-quality information systems.

Most large firms and government agencies use

supply chain management (SCM) software

(SDLC),

systems development life cycle

Information technology (IT) refers to

the combination of hardware, software, andservices that people use to manage, communicate, and share information.

systems development life cycle (SDLC) -

to plan, analyze, design, implement, and support an information system.

A systems analyst is a

valued member of the IT department team who helps plan, develop, and maintain information systems.