Chapter 1 - hlth 231

Which of the following statements about mindfulness is true? -The practice of mindfulness emerged in the United States in the 1970s. -Research linking mindfulness to improved health is inconclusive. -Mindfulness is a religious practice in which the individual contemplates the divine. -An essential component of mindfulness is awareness of oneself and one's environment.

An essential component of mindfulness is awareness of oneself and one's environment.

Missy is motivated to lose weight. She has begun taking a 30-minute walk every morning, has worked with a nutrition counselor to design a new diet, and on Monday will begin following new eating plan. According to the transtheoretical model of behavior change, Missy is in a stage of -precontemplation -contemplation -maintenance -action

action

Beth works part-time as a waitress and receives no health insurance benefits from her employer. She purchased insurance under the Affordable Care Act, but the policy has a $5,000 annual deductible. Beth -has equitable access to health services. -is likely to delay care that she needs. -is overinsured. -is uninsured.

is likely to delay care that she needs

Washing your hands before eating is an example of disease -prevention -treatment -intervention -screening

prevention

The science that views negative health events as resulting from individuals' interactions with their physical or social environment is ________ -disease prevention -medicine -public health -immunology

public health

Jim was successful at meeting his exercise goal and rewarded himself by taking a three-day vacation at a golf resort. This is an example of a -covert behavior. -manipulative behavior. -negative behavior. -reinforcing behavior.

reinforcing behavior

Which of the following contributed to increased life expectancy in the early twentieth century? -vaccinations and antibiotics -more doctors in metropolitan areas -advances in heart and brain surgery -advances in genetic testing

vaccinations and antibiotics

The achievement of the highest level of health possible in each of several dimensions is -motivation. -wellness. -fitness. -recovery.

wellness

Jason is frustrated because he has three projects due at the same time next week and he doesn't believe it's possible to get all three finished. His solution is to forget about the projects and meet up with friends for a night out. Jason has -an external locus of control. -an internal locus of control. -self-confidence. -self-efficacy.

an external locus of control

Which behavior change model involves six distinct stages and is also known as the stages of change model? -social cognitive model -health belief model -transtheoretical model -shaping model

transtheoretical model

All of the following are basic mindfulness skills EXCEPT -tuning out a noisy student in the library. -acknowledging your disappointment at a poor grade. -cultivating compassion for a friend with financial problems. -acknowledging that you are not perfect.

turning out a noisy student in the library

The positive aspects of a person's life, such being satisfied with life in general and having positive emotions, determines one's sense of __________ -health -progress -change -well-being

well-being

Major public health achievements of the twentieth century include -mental health counseling. -workplace safety. -lower birth rates. -pharmaceutical products.

workplace safety

An appraisal of the relationship between an object, action, or idea and some attribute related to it is a(n) -belief. -attitude. -analysis. -motivation.

belief

Going out for dinner at your favorite restaurant as a reward for finishing a big project is an example of a -consumable reinforcer. -social reinforcer. -manipulative reinforcer. -possessional reinforcer.

consumable reinforcer

Emotional health can best be described as being able to -maintain satisfying interpersonal relationships. -adapt to various social situations. -feel and express emotions appropriately. -think clearly, without emotional influence.

feel and express emotions appropiately

Effective health promotion programs -focus on improving selected negative behaviors. -have the most measurable results when implemented in schools. -don't attempt to change individual attitudes about health. -focus on encouraging behaviors known to support good health.

focus on encouraging behaviors known to support good health

Spiritual health can best be described as -establishing and maintaining fulfilling relationships. -having a sense of meaning and purpose in one's life. -not as important as other factors to overall wellness. -holding to religious beliefs learned in childhood.

having a sense of meaning and purpose in ones life

Differences in cancer mortality among specific populations are an example of -risk behaviors. -biological determinants. -medical malpractice. -health disparities.

health dispartites

Which strategy is used by many athletes to visualize the attainment of goals? -imagined rehearsal -vicarious performance -athletic imagery -coaching

imagined rehearsal

Healthy People 2020 is a plan designed to -update FDA regualtions on the manufacture and sale of drugs in the US -extend health insurance coverage to millions more Americans -increase payments to doctors who serve medicaid and medicare patients -improve the quality of life and years of life for all americans

improve the quality of life and years of life for all americans

Health promotion -includes policies, programs, and financial support for initiatives that promote health. -involves social justice efforts aimed at achieving health care for all Americans. -refers to fundraising campaigns for health-related organizations. -focuses on curing the most prevalent diseases.

includes policies, programs, and financial support for initiatives that promote health.

Manuela joined a group exercise class. Her instructor, who was formerly inactive and overweight, participates with the class and also shares personal fitness strategies. In class, Manuela tries to emulate her instructor's moves, and she has also become more physically active as part of her daily routine. Which technique is Manuela using to reach her goal of becoming more fit? -shaping -visualization -reinforcement -modeling

modeling

A person's bone structure is an example of a(n) -epigentic factor -nonmodifiable determinant -environmental influence -behavioral choice

nonmodifiable determinant

An adolescent smoker might think lung cancer happens only to old people. This is an example of which factor of the health belief model? -perceived benefits -perceived seriousness -perceived susceptibility -perceived barriers

perceived susceptibility

The dimension of physical health encompasses the ability to -protect yourself from hazards in your environment. -analyze information. -perform activities of daily living. -reason objectively.

perform activities of daily living

Gavin downloads a new workout song every time he completes his week's exercise goal. This action is an example of -an intrinsic reward. -shaping. -countering. -positive reinforcement.

positive reinforcement

Having unprotected sex is considered a -health disparities. -health promotion. -risk behavior. -medical treatment.

risk behavior

The thought, "I don't have enough time!" is an example of -self-talk. -punishment. -enabling. -shaping.

self-talk

Based on a recent cholesterol screening, Marlon decided that he has to stop eating so much fast food and get more exercise. Between work and school, his free time is limited, but he is determined to lower his cholesterol level and improve his overall health. The best way for Marlon to stay motivated to improve his diet and work out regularly is to -set and ambitious goal and chart daily and weekly progress using online tools -depends on his friends to keep him friends to keep him away from his favorite fast food resturants -set reasonable short - and long-term goals and reward himself for meeting them -make weekly resolutions for how many times to work out and chastise himself if he hasnt accomplished his planned goal

set reasonable short - and long-term goals and reward himself for meeting them

Life expectancy in the early 1900s was largely determined by a person's -susceptibility to infectious disease. -family history. -hygiene habits. -occupation and location.

susceptibility to infectious disease

People with an internal locus of control believe that events turn out as they do based on -environmental factors. -fate and luck. -their own actions. -previous disappointments.

their own actions

Brenda is going on a ski trip over spring break and has 12 weeks to get in shape. She purchased an elliptical trainer and started working out on it for 10 minutes each day. Each week, she will increase her workout by 10 minutes until she can exercise for one hour. If she finds that is too rigorous, she will only add 5 minutes to her workout each week. Which of the following behavior-change techniques is Brenda using to get in shape for her trip? -visualization -shaping -modeling -self - talk

shaping

Jill has many friends, is respected by her coworkers, and maintains a great relationship with her boyfriend. Her ability to interact with others is an example of which dimension of health? -social -emotional -physical -intellectual

social