Chapter 1: Introduction

Define Dependent variable.

the result/ outcome of the manipulation of the independent variable.

For a study to be considered an experiment, it must have...

a manipulation

Define Independent variable.

a variable that the researcher manipulates

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of experiments? a) Manipulations b) Representative groups c) Laboratory setting d) Biological measures

a) Manipulations

The respondent's gender is typically recorded as a(n) _____ variable. a) nominal b) ratio c) ordinal d) interval

a) nominal

A question that asks a person how strong their motivations for religious participation are using a 1-7 rating scale is at the _____ level of measurement.

interval

If the number of games a team has lost in a season is subtracted from the number of games that they won in that season, the resulting variable would be at the _____ level of measurement.

interval

Temperature in celsius or Fahrenheit (but not Kelvin) is measured at which level of measurement?

interval

Which is bigger: a sample or a population?

population

A bivariate analysis typically focuses on... a) the association of two variables. b) two participants at a time. c) causal inference. d) symmetrical distributions.

a) the association of two variables.

Inferential statistics are typically contrasted with _____ statistics. a) hypothesized b) null c) representative d) descriptive

d) descriptive

A question that asks how many times a person attends religious services each year is at the _____ level of measurement.

ratio

The amount of time that a person spends on social media each week in minutes is a(n) _____ variable.

ratio

The highest level of measurement (i.e., the one that contains the most information) is the _____ level of measurement.

ratio

The number of students enrolled in a school each year is an example of which level of measurement?

ratio

What level of measurement has a true zero point?

ratio

In an experiment that looks at the effect of different teaching methods on student learning, the independent variable is...

teaching method

What are the 2 branches of statistics?

Descriptive statistics and Inferential statistics

Define Inferential statistics.

Infer or draw conclusions about a population using a sample

A sample is a part of a larger...

Population

Define Descriptive statistics.

Summarize, organize, and make data understandable

The variable that is measured as the outcome in an experiment is called the _____ variable.

dependent

In an experiment, the variable that the researcher manipulates is called the _________ variable.

independent

A question that asks a person which religion (if any) they identify with is at the _____ level of measurement.

nominal

A variable that classifies people into racial or ethnic groups is what level of measurement?

nominal

If a person's sex is coded as Male = 0 or Female = 1, then that variable is at the _____ level of measurement.

nominal

If a person's sex is coded as Male = 1 or Female = 2, then that variable is at the _____ level of measurement.

nominal

If a person's sex is recorded as "Male" or "Female," then that variable is at the _____ level of measurement.

nominal

The only level of measurement that does not place scores or categories into order (and is therefore the lowest level of measurement) is the _____ level of measurement.

nominal

If a researcher is able to survey 99% of all students enrolled in statistics classes at a college, then that researcher has gathered data from a(n)...

sample