Chapter 1 - Introduction to nursing
master's
A nurse wishes to pursue a degree as a nurse practitioner. What is the minimal degree needed by the nurse?
16th century
*animism *role of physician and nurse separate *physician - medicine man *nurse - mother
11-13th centuries
hospitals built in
nurse practice act
law established to regulate nursing practice
Dorothea Dix (1802-1887)
was a pioneering crusader for the reform of the treatment of the mentally ill
Harriet Tubman (1821-1913)
A nurse and an abolitionist; active in the underground railroad movement
It is the role of nursing to provide a caring relationship that facilitates health and healing.
A nurse educator is discussing the role of nursing based on the American Nurses Association (ANA). Which statement best describes this role?
1896
ANA was founded as the Nurses' Association Alumnae of the US and Canada
burnout
cumulative state of frustration with the work environment that develops over a long time; (2) behaviors exhibited as the result of prolonged occupational stress
The science of nursing is
the knowledge base for the care that is given
licensure
to be given a license to practice nursing in a state or province after successfully meeting requirements
Activities to restore health
range from early detection of a disease to rehabilitation and teaching during recovery
standards
rules or guidelines that allow nurses to carry out professional roles, serving as protection for the nurse, the patient, and the institution where health care is given
Leader
self-confident practice of nursing when providing care, effecting change, and functioning with groups
Nurses prevent illness primarily by
teaching and personal example
RN education
1- Diploma 2 - associates 3 - bachelors
state nurse practice act (NPA)
A medical-surgical unit manager intends to have licensed practical nurses (LPNs) in the unit administer intravenous push (IVP) medications. What source would the manager contact to include this procedure in the LPNs' practice?
licensed or vocational nursing program
A prospective student needs to be employed in a full-time position quickly due to economic hardship. What type of nursing program would best suit this student?
health
A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being
1973
ANA publishes the first Standards of Nursing Practice
nursing process
Assessment Diagnosis Planning Implementation Evaluation
Mary Eliza Mahoney
Attracting minorities to the profession of nursing is an important consideration for the future of nursing. Which key historical nursing figure set a precedent in this area?
Jane Addams (1860-1935)
Cofounder of Hull House; 1931 Nobel Peace Prize Women's rights
Clara Barton (1821-1912)
Established the Red Cross 1882
Nora Gertrude Livingston (19th Century)
First 3 year training program in North America
The American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC, 2014)
Nursing specialty certification is given by which group?
Mary Agnes Snively
One of founders of Canadian Nurses Association
Florence Nightingale
The nurse is documenting the client's response to a medication. This action reflects a practice that was started by which key figure in nursing's history?
Lillian Wald
Who established the first public health service for the sick and poor?
ANA Nursing's Social Policy Statement (2010)
describes the social context of nursing, the knowledge base for nursing practice, the scope of nursing practice, standards of professional nursing practice, and the regulation of professional nursing
compassion fatigue
loss of satisfaction from providing good patient care
the crusades (11th-13th centuries)
male and female nursing orders were founded during
Born 1820
Florence N
She promoted the publication of books about nursing and health care.
Florence Nightingale was a nursing pioneer who challenged prejudices against women and elevated the status of all nurses. Which statement accurately describes one of her accomplishments?
Factors affecting Health
Genetic Inheritance, Cognitive Abilities, Educational Level, Race and Ethnicity, Culture, Age and Gender, Developmental Level, Lifestyle, Environment, Health literacy, and Socioeconomic Status.
ANA
Organization that has established standards that help the nurse determine which clinical actions fall under the scope of nursing practice?
Mary Ann Bickerdyke (19th Century)
Organized diet kitchens, laundries, and an ambulance service, and supervised nursing staff during the Civil War
The American Journal of Nursing
The first nursing journal owned, operated, and published by nurses was:
World War II
The need for university-based nursing education programs was brought to light during which important historical time?
Collaboration
The nurse asks the family members to describe how the accident occurred. The nurse is implementing which ANA standard?
It helps identify nursing as a profession.
The nurse discussing the importance of professional nursing organizations setting standards should include which statement?
health promotion
The primary aim of the Healthy People 2020 initiative is:
AACN believes
a bachelors degree should be the minimum degree to enter the nursing feild
wellness
an overall state of well-being or total health
Collaborator
effective use of skills in organization, communication, and advocacy to facilitate the functions of all members of the health care team as they provide patient care
EBP
evidence based practice
secondary traumatic stress
feeling of despair caused by the transfer of emotional distress from a victim to a caregiver, which often develops suddenly
Sojourner Truth (1797-1883)
freed slave, fought for women rights
Elizabeth Smellie (20th Century)
organized the Canadian Women's Army Corps during World War II
Researcher
participation in or conduct of research to increase knowledge in nursing and improve patient care
reciprocity
process allowing a nurse to apply for and be endorsed as a registered nurse by another state
nursing
profession that focuses on the holistic person receiving health care services and provides a unique contribution to the prevention of illness and maintenance of health
Advocate
protection of human or legal rights and the securing of care for all patients based on the belief that patients have the right to make informed decisions about their own health and lives
caregiver
provision of care to patients that combines both the art and the science of nursing
applying for a reciprocal license in the new state
A nurse is considering relocating to another state to practice nursing. Which is the most appropriate action by the nurse to ensure ability to practice in the new state?
Making organized visits to the sick
A nurse practicing in the early Christian period might perform which nursing action characteristic of this era?
Healthy People 2020: Leading Health Indicators
Access to health services Clinical preventive services Environmental quality Injury and violence Maternal, infant, and child health Mental health Nutrition, physical activity and obesity Oral health Reproductive and sexual health Social determinants Substance abuse Tobacco
AACN
American Association of Colleges of Nursing
The 16th century shortage of care led to
Convicted woman made nurses instead of jail time
out patient facilities
Due to the rising cost of health care services, many procedures and treatments are being delivered in what type of setting?
caused a civilian nursing shortage
During World War II, nurses were actively recruited and enlisted in the military. What effect did this have on the nursing profession?
caregiver
What is the primary role of the nurse
WWII
What led to a knowledge explosion in the 19th and 21st centruy?
Obtain continuing education credits.
What might a nurse need to do to ensure the continuation of his or her nursing license?
Lack of Educational Standards
What was one barrier to the development of the nursing profession in the United States after the Civil War?
Advanced nursing education was established
Which advancement in the nursing profession occurred immediately after World War II?
deaconesses
Women with some educational background who were selected by the church to provide care to the sick.
Lavinia Dock (1858-1956)
instrumental in the Constitutional amendment giving women the right to vote
counselor
therapeutic interpersonal communication skills to provide information, make appropriate referrals, and facilitate the patient's problem-solving and decision-making skills
Mary Breckinridge
The nurse going back to school for nurse midwifery can trace education for nurse midwifery to which nursing leader?
"Everything in nature is alive with invisible forces."
animism
Practical and Vocational Nursing Education
LPN/LVN 1 year program bedside care
Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) project competencies
1. patient-centered care, 2. teamwork and collaboration, 3. quality improvement, 4. safety, 5. EBP 6. informatics
health literacy
a person's capacity to learn about and understand basic health information and services, and to use these resources to promote one's health and wellness
4 aims of nursing
1. To promote health 2. To prevent illness 3. To restore health 4. To facilitate coping with disability or death
The American Nurses Association (ANA) defines nursing as
"the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, facilitation of healing, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, groups, communities, and populations"
International Council of Nurses (ICN) definition of nursing
* autonomous and collaborative care of individuals *promotion of health, *prevention of illness *care of ill, disabled, and dying people *advocacy *safety *research *creating policies *education
Mary Adelaide Nutting (1858-1947)
* first professor of nursing in the world * published the four-volume History of Nursing
Ancient Greece
* temples center of medical care *nurses practice in home, community and nurse midwives
Florence Nightengale's contributions:
*Identifying and meeting patient needs *standards for hospital management *respected occupation *2 components of nursing: health and illness *nursing is separate and distinct from medicine *occupation therapy *continuing education *accurate record keeping, and beginning of nursing research
Linda Richards (1841-1930)
*US first trained nurse *started practice of keeping records and writing orders
As a caregiver, the nurse becomes
*communicator *teacher *counselor *leader *researcher *advocate *collaborator
The knowledge base for nursing practice includes
*diagnosis, *interventions, *evaluation *integration and application * facilitate health and healing
Margaret Sanger
*first birth control clinic * Founder of Planned Parenthood education
Isabel Hampton Robb (1860-1910)
*organized the nursing school at Johns Hopkins Hospital *limited work hours *first president of the Nurses Associated Alumnae of the US and Canada (now ANA)
Louise Schuyler (19th Century)
*recommended standards for nursing education * organized the NY Charities Aid Association
Healthy People 2020 guidlines
1. Attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death. 2. Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups. 3. Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all. 4. Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all life stages.
WHO's definition of health
a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
19th to 20th century
In what time period did nursing care as we now know it begin?
"It is obtained by a 24-month program at a hospital."
How long is a nursing diploma program?
a critical thinking method used by nurses to provide nursing care that is individualized and holistic.
The nursing process is:
Florence Nightengale
The registered nurse is performing a nutritional assessment to ensure that the client's diet is optimal for wound healing. The nurse's intervention can be traced back to which key contributor to nursing?
provide a caring relationship that facilitates health and healing.
The role of nursing based on the American Nurses Association (ANA).
teacher/educator
The use of communication skills to assess, implement, and evaluate individualized teaching plans to meet learning needs of patients and their families
American Nurses Association (ANA)
Which nursing group provides a definition and scope of practice for nursing?
profession
an occupation that meets specific criteria including a well-defined body of specific and unique knowledge, a code of ethics and standards, ongoing research, and autonomy
mindfulness
capacity to intentionally bring awareness to present-moment experience with an attitude of openness and curiosity; mindfulness promotes healing as you pause, focus on the present, and listen
Communicator
communication skills to establish and maintain helping relationships with patients of all ages in a wide variety of health care settings
16th century
shift from religious orientation to warfare, exploration, and expansion of knowledge
The art of nursing is
the skilled application of that knowledge to help others achieve maximum health and quality of life