Chapter 1: Introduction to Nursing
The nurse is conducting a class for nursing assistants. One of the students asks the nurse why blood pressure, pulse, and temperature are called "vital signs". Which of the following explanations would the nurse offer the student? "They are called vital signs because they are the first things the nurse does when admitting a patient to the hospital." "They are called vital signs because the blood pressure is very important." "The term has just evolved over time without a clear definition for why." "Because significant deviation from normal is not compatible with life."
"Because significant deviation from normal is not compatible with life." Temperature, pulse, respirations, and blood pressure are considered the vital signs because significant deviations from normal ranges are not compatible with life.
The nurse is caring for a client who ascribes to the theory of animism. When attempting to explain this theory to other staff members, the nurse should state which of the following? "Everything in nature is alive with invisible forces." "The physician is viewed as a god-like figure." "The nurse is the handmaiden of the physician." "Pets can help heal clients."
"Everything in nature is alive with invisible forces." The theory of animism attempts to explain the cause of mysterious changes in bodily functions. This theory was based on the belief that everything in nature was alive with invisible forces and endowed with power.
The nurse is caring for a client who ascribes to the theory of animism. When attempting to explain this theory to other staff members, the nurse should state which of the following? "Everything in nature is alive with invisible forces." "The physician is viewed as a god-like figure." "The nurse is the handmaiden of the physician." "Pets can help heal clients."
"Everything in nature is alive with invisible forces." The theory of animism attempts to explain the cause of mysterious changes in bodily functions. This theory was based on the belief that everything in nature was alive with invisible forces and endowed with power.
The registered nurse is teaching a community health class about illness prevention. Which of the following statements reflects understanding of this concept? "I will take my medication for hypertension every day." "My family will call hospice for an evaluation." "It is important to enroll in a smoking cessation class." "If I am injured, I will call an ambulance."
"It is important to enroll in a smoking cessation class." Enrolling in a smoking cessation class is an example of illness prevention. It will prevent conditions such as asthma and COPD. A hospice evaluation is for someone who is terminally ill, hypertension is already a disease entity, and an ambulance for injury does not denote illness prevention.
Which nursing actions demonstrate the aim of nursing to facilitate coping? (Select all that apply.) Teaching a class on the nutritional needs of pregnant women Changing the bandages of a patient who has undergone heart surgery Teaching a patient and his/her family how to live with diabetes Assisting a patient and his/her family to prepare for death Starting an intravenous line for a malnourished elderly person Providing counseling for the family of a teenager with an eating disorder
-Teaching a patient and his/her family how to live with diabetes -Assisting a patient and his/her family to prepare for death -Providing counseling for the family of a teenager with an eating disorder Coping is another important broad aim of nursing. Nurses facilitate client and family coping with altered function, life crisis, and death. Examples of coping would be teaching a client and the client's family about how to live with diabetes. Another example would be assisting a client and the client's family to prepare for death. A third example would be providing counseling for the family of a teenager with an eating disorder. Changing bandages, starting an IV, or teaching a class on an expected healthcare issue or need would not be examples of the aim of facilitating coping with disability or death.
In what time period did nursing care as we now know it begin? Pre-civilization Early civilization to 16th century 16th to 17th century 18th to 19th century
18th to 19th century From the middle of the 18th century to the 19th century, social reforms changed the roles of nurses and of women in general. It was during this time that nursing as we now know it began, based on the beliefs of Florence Nightingale.
The nurse is describing the role of the nurse entrepreneur. Which of the following statements best describe this role? A nurse who manages a health-related business A nurse responsible for adminstration of resources A nurse who manages personnel involved in client care A nurse who teaches in a clinical setting
A nurse who manages a health-related business The nurse entrepreneur usually has an advanced degree and manages a clinic or health-related business, conducts research, provides education, or serves as an adviser or consultant to institutions, political agencies, or businesses.
The nurse is attempting to provide anticipatory guidance for the parents of an eighteen-month-old boy. Which of the following would be the best statement for the nurse to make? "Keep all medications in a locked cabinet." "Does he have nightmares often?" "He is in the 95th percentile for weight." "Do not give the child a bottle now."
"Keep all medications in a locked cabinet." Anticipatory guidance provides the parent with information that the child will need as the child continues to grow and develop to promote his health. The best example of this is telling the parents to keep all medications in a locked cabinet, as the eighteen-month-old can climb and reach for medications that were placed high where the parents thought the child could not reach. This could prevent accidental medication overdose.
A client asks asks an RN to prescribe a medication for pain. Which of the following is the best answer by the nurse? "No nurse can prescribe a medication." "Only advanced practice registered nurses have prescriptive authority." "Take two ibuprofen every 4 to 6 hours." "Take one acetaminophen every 4 hours."
"Only advanced practice registered nurses have prescriptive authority." The best answer by the nurse is that only advanced practice registered nurses have prescriptive authority. The registered nurse who is not an advanced practice nurse should not prescribe medications, even over-the-counter medications, such as ibuprofen and acetaminophen.
A student nurse understands that the primary aim of the Healthy People 2020 initiatives is health promotion. illness prevention. health restoration. coping with disability.
health promotion. Healthy People 2020 establishes health promotion guidelines for the nation as a whole. The guidelines contain 12 Leading Health Indicators, which are used to measure the health of the nation over a 10-year period. Illness prevention, health restoration, and coping with disability are components of the Healthy People 2020 guidelines, but are not considered as the primary goal of the initiative.
A nurse is providing care for clients in a long-term care facility. Based on the definitions of nursing in the textbook, what should be the central focus of this care? the nursing actions provided by the nurse the client receiving the care the nurse as the caregiver nursing as a profession
the client receiving the care The client receiving the care is always the central focus of the nursing care provided. The central focus is not the nurse, the nursing actions, or nursing as a profession.
Why are nursing organizations important for the continued development and improvement of nursing as a whole? to provide socialization and networking for members to regulate work activities for members to set standards for nursing education and practice to provide information to nurses about legal requirements
to set standards for nursing education and practice Professional organizations set educational and practice standards for nursing education and practice. They also are concerned with current issues in nursing and health care, and influence health care policy and legislation. Although professional organizations may provide outlets for networking, regulate work activities, and provide information about legal requirements, setting standards for education and practice is a primary focus.
Although all of the following are nursing responsibilities, which one would be expected of a nurse with a baccalaureate degree? providing direct physical care using research findings to improve practice administering medications as prescribed collaborating with other health care providers
using research findings to improve practice Nurses with baccalaureate degrees are expected to use research findings to improve practice. Graduates from vocational, diploma, and associate degree programs do not have coursework in nursing research and are not expected to independently use it in clinical practice. Nurses from all levels of education provide direct care, administer medications, and collaborate with other health care providers.
Which advanced nurse practitioner is best qualified to provide prenatal care for a pregnant client? A nurse-midwife A nurse anesthetist A clinical nurse specialist A nurse educator
A nurse-midwife A nurse-midwife provides prenatal and postnatal care as well as delivers babies for women with uncomplicated pregnancies. A nurse anesthetist carries out preoperative visits and assessments; administers and monitors anesthesia during surgery; and evaluates postoperative status of clients. A clinical nurse specialist is considered to be an expert in a specialized area of nursing; carries out direct client care; consultation; teaching of client, families, and staff; and research. A nurse educator teaches in educational or clinical settings, theoretical knowledge and clinical skills, and conducts research.
Which organization has established standards that help the nurse determine which clinical actions fall under the scope of nursing practice? American Nurses Association National League for Nursing International Council of Nurses State Board of Nursing
American Nurses Association The American Nurses Association (ANA) has established standards of clinical nursing practice that define the specific and unique activities of nurses. Standards serve as protection for the nurse, the client, and the institution where health care is given. The other organizations provide valuable services that differ from those of ANA.
The Nurse Corps of the United States Army was established by whom? Dorothea Dix Lillian Wald Florence Nightingale Isabel Hampton Robb
Dorothea Dix Dorothea Dix established the Nurse Corps of the United States Army.
A man age 61 years is distraught because he has just learned that his most recent computed tomography (CT) scan shows that his colon cancer has metastasized to his lungs. Which nursing aim should the nurse prioritize in the immediate care of this client? Facilitating coping Preventing illness Restoring health Promoting health
Facilitating coping This client's care in the coming weeks or months will likely encompass all of the four foundational roles of the nurse. However, because the client has just recently received bad news and is emotionally distraught, helping the client cope is an appropriate priority in his immediate care.
The nurse notes the initials APRN after a nurse who is ordering a client's medications. According to ANA standards of nursing practice, which of the following is the correct action by the nurse? No action is needed. This is within the ANA standards for APRNs. Report the nurse to the state board of nursing. Ask the nursing manager what APRN means. Contact the client's physician for medication orders.
No action is needed. This is within the ANA standards for APRNs. According to the ANA standards of practice, APRNs provide consultation and use prescriptive authority and treatment so there is no action needed by the nurse, and there is no need to contact the client's physician for additional medication orders.
The registered nurse communicates with the physical therapist that a client is now on strict bed rest due to bradycardia. Which statement best explains the standard exemplified by the nurse? The RN coordinates care delivery. The RN identifies outcomes. The RN analyzes client data. The RN collects client data.
The RN coordinates care delivery. The standard exemplified by the nurse is 5a: Coordination of Care: The RN coordinates care delivery.
Together the nurse and a client with hypertension set a goal that states that the client will be able to identify foods to avoid on a low-sodium diet. The nurse completes this action as a part of which American Nurses Association Standard of Care? The RN identifies client outcomes. The RN implements the client's care. The RN promotes healthy blood pressure. The RN prescribes diets for clients.
The RN identifies client outcomes. By setting client goals, the RN is identifying expected client outcomes for a plan of care, standard 3: Outcomes Identification. This is not an example of implementing a plan of care. While the RN does provide diet education, this is not a standard of care. The physician or advance practice nurse prescribes the diet, not the RN.
The nurse conducts a home safety assessment for a client. Which statement best explains the standard of care being implemented? The RN promotes a safe environment. Th RN identifies client outcomes. The RN educates about preventing falls. The RN develops a plan of care.
The RN promotes a safe environment. The standard of care being exemplified is Standard 5b: Health teaching and Promotion: The RN employs strategies to promote health and a safe environment.
A nurse is considering relocating to another state to practice nursing. Which of the following is the most appropriate action by the nurse to ensure ability to practice in the new state? asking the current state to transfer the license applying for a reciprocal license in the new state taking the new state's licensing exam No action is needed by the nurse.
applying for a reciprocal license in the new state Nurses gain legal rights to practice nursing in another state by applying to that state's board of nursing and receiving reciprocal licensure.
A nurse is considering relocating to another state to practice nursing. Which of the following is the most appropriate action by the nurse to ensure ability to practice in the new state? asking the current state to transfer the license applying for a reciprocal license in the new state taking the new state's licensing exam No action is needed by the nurse.
applying for a reciprocal license in the new state Nurses gain legal rights to practice nursing in another state by applying to that state's board of nursing and receiving reciprocal licensure.
Nursing has evolved throughout the ages. Nurses in the 21st century face a variety of challenges, and technology is in the forefront of the profession. Which force affects the current nurse most? the use of electronics (such as a vital signs machine) to monitor clients Computerized Physician Order Entry (CPOE) challenges the identification of super bugs (such as MRSA) that potentially harm the client client privacy issues within the social media realm
client privacy issues within the social media realm Technology allows nurses to connect to clients in new ways, but it also provides new challenges such as maintaining client privacy and developing human connections with clients we may never see face-to-face.
The nurse is caring for a postoperative client. The physician has written orders for a pain medication, and the order gives a dosage range for the amount the nurse may give depending on the severity of the client's pain. This type of functioning within the health care team is called: authoritative functioning. independent functioning. assistive functioning. dependent functioning. collaborative functioning.
collaborative functioning. Nurses manage collaborative problems using both nurse- and physician-prescribed interventions to reduce the risk of complications (Carpenito-Moyet, 2009).
Which of the following are the best examples of the role of the nurse as a communicator? Select all that apply. Telling a client their blood pressure Calling a physician about a client's blood pressure Informing the physical therapist that client's therapy was discontinued Telling a friend about something that happened to a client that day
-Telling a client their blood pressure -Calling a physician about a client's blood pressure -Informing the physical therapist that client's therapy was discontinued When acting in the role of communicator, the nurse is using effective interpersonal and therapeutic communication skills to establish and maintain helping relationships for clients. Examples include telling a client their blood pressure, calling a physician regarding a client condition, and communication pertinent information with members of the allied discipline team, such as the physical therapist. Telling a friend something that happened to a client that day is not the role of the nurse as communicator, in fact it may be a violation of the client's privacy and confidentiality.
Which of the following are the best examples of the role of the nurse as a communicator? Select all that apply. Telling a client their blood pressure Calling a physician about a client's blood pressure Informing the physical therapist that client's therapy was discontinued Telling a friend about something that happened to a client that day
-Telling a client their blood pressure -Calling a physician about a client's blood pressure -Informing the physical therapist that client's therapy was discontinued\ When acting in the role of communicator, the nurse is using effective interpersonal and therapeutic communication skills to establish and maintain helping relationships for clients. Examples include telling a client their blood pressure, calling a physician regarding a client condition, and communication pertinent information with members of the allied discipline team, such as the physical therapist. Telling a friend something that happened to a client that day is not the role of the nurse as communicator, in fact it may be a violation of the client's privacy and confidentiality.
A newly hired nurse consults the nurse practice act affecting her new facility. What are examples of the realm of authority of a nurse practice act? Select all that apply. defining the legal scope of nursing practice enforcing federally regulated nursing legislation excluding untrained and unlicensed individuals from practicing nursing enforcing rules and regulations defined by the nurse practice act establishing the criteria for the education and licensure of nurses Defining legal requirements and titles for RNs and LPNs
-defining the legal scope of nursing practice -excluding untrained and unlicensed individuals from practicing nursing -establishing the criteria for the education and licensure of nurses -Defining legal requirements and titles for RNs and LPNs Nurse practice acts are laws established in each state to regulate the practice of nursing. The nurse practice act of a state would define the legal scope of nursing practice, exclude untrained and unlicensed individuals from practicing nursing, and define legal requirements and titles for RNs and LPNs. The nurse practice act of a state would also establish the criteria for the education and licensure of nurses. The nurse practice act would not enforce federally regulated nursing legislation or enforce rules and regulations defined by the nurse practice act.
The nurse is evaluating client health. Which of the following clients should the nurse determine to be exhibiting the most signs of health? A client with diabetes who is in denial of the diabetes and refuses to take insulin A client in acute emotional distress due to husband's death A client with a leg amputation that performs activities of daily living with a prothesis A client with depression who refuses to get out of bed
A client with a leg amputation that performs activities of daily living with a prothesis As defined by the World Health Organization, one's health includes physical, social, and mental components and is not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Health is often a subjective state—a person may be medically diagnosed with an illness, but still consider himself or herself healthy. The client with an amputee is performing activities of daily living, thereby demonstrating healthy behaviors.
The nursing process is: A critical thinking method used by nurses to provide nursing care that is individualized and holistic. A mechanism for increasing the knowledge and skill of the nurse through programs of education. The promotion of health, prevention of illness, and the care of ill, disabled, and dying individuals. An approach for identifying and analyzing the best available scientific evidence for nursing care.
A critical thinking method used by nurses to provide nursing care that is individualized and holistic. The nursing process is a critical thinking method used by nurses to provide nursing care that is individualized and holistic. Continuing education and in-service education programs increase the knowledge and skill of the nurse. Evidence-based practice involves the identification and analysis of the best available scientific evidence for nursing care. Nursing includes the promotion of health, prevention of illness, and the care of ill, disabled, and dying individuals.
Which of the following is the best example of a nurse in the role of counselor? A nurse allowing a crying client to verbalize their fears of death A nurse telling a client the side effects of a medication A nurse providing the physician a client's test results A nurse ensuring that a client has follow-up care at a free clinic
A nurse allowing a crying client to verbalize their fears of death When the nurse is acting as a counselor, the nurse uses therapeutic interpersonal skills to facilitate the client's problem-solving and decision-making skills. The best example is the nurse allowing the client to verbalize their feelings, as verbalizing feelings lets the client gain a better perspective of their situation for problem solving and for coming to terms with the situation. Telling the client about the side effects of a medication is a form of teaching. Providing test results to the physician is communication, and ensuring a client has follow-up care at a free clinic is advocacy.
Which of the following is the best example of a nurse in the role of counselor? A nurse allowing a crying client to verbalize their fears of death A nurse telling a client the side effects of a medication A nurse providing the physician a client's test results A nurse ensuring that a client has follow-up care at a free clinic
A nurse allowing a crying client to verbalize their fears of death When the nurse is acting as a counselor, the nurse uses therapeutic interpersonal skills to facilitate the client's problem-solving and decision-making skills. The best example is the nurse allowing the client to verbalize their feelings, as verbalizing feelings lets the client gain a better perspective of their situation for problem solving and for coming to terms with the situation. Telling the client about the side effects of a medication is a form of teaching. Providing test results to the physician is communication, and ensuring a client has follow-up care at a free clinic is advocacy.
Which of the following nursing groups provides a definition and scope of practice for nursing? ICN AAN ANA The Joint Commission
ANA The American Nurses Association (ANA) describes the values and social responsibility of nursing, provides a definition and scope of practice for nursing, discusses nursing's knowledge base, and describes the methods by which nursing is regulated within its Nursing's Social Policy Statement (2003).
After hearing a presentation about the American Nurses Association (ANA), a nurse decides to join the organization based on the understanding that membership is open to all nurses in the United States. ANA aims at fostering high standards of nursing in the United States. Members include nurses, other health care providers, and lay people. ANA invites students showing excellence in scholarship to become members.
ANA aims at fostering high standards of nursing in the United States. ANA aims at fostering high standards of nursing in the United States. Membership is not open to all nurses in the U.S; only registered nurses (RNs) can become members. Members of the National League for Nursing, not the ANA, include nurses, other health care providers, and lay people. Sigma Theta Tau, not ANA, invites students showing excellence in scholarship to become members.
The first nursing journal owned, operated, and published by nurses was: American Journal of Nursing Nurse Educator Nursing Research Standards of Clinical Nursing Practice
American Journal of Nursing The American Journal of Nursing was first published in 1900 and was owned, operated, and published by nurses.
The nurse is caring for a client with a new diagnosis of cancer, and allows the client to verbalize fears relating to how to tell the children. The nurse's intervention reflects which aspect of nursing? Art of nursing Science of nursing Evidence-based practice Application of research
Art of nursing In this example, the nurse is utilizing a holistic approach to the provision of nursing care based on the knowledge of providing psychosocial interventions, such as allowing the client to verbalize feelings/fears. This application of knowledge is the art of nursing. The science of nursing is the knowledge base for the provision of care. Evidence-based practice and application of research are using research to make decisions on how to care for clients.
The nurse is caring for a client who cannot meet health needs independently. Which action made by the nurse depicts concern and attachment? Telling the client, "I will be back in 15 minutes to change your dressing." Asking the client, "How are you today? I am really worried about you." Talking about diabetes and teaching the client how to do foot care Organizing the work for the day and evaluating how the day went
Asking the client, "How are you today? I am really worried about you." Concern and attachment are the result of a close relationship of one human being with another. Thus, asking the client how the client is feeling and expressing concern exemplifies caring. Stability and security, communications and teaching, and organization and evaluation are physical care themes that are part of nursing care.
Which of the following is the best example of the nurse in the role of teacher/educator? Assessing if the client is able to perform a dressing change Teaching a first grader to read Communicating discharge status to home care agency Conducting research on dressing changes
Assessing if the client is able to perform a dressing change When in the role of teacher/educator, the nurse uses communication skills to assess, implement, and evaluate teaching plans to meet the learning needs of clients and their families. The nurse assessing if a client is able to perform a dressing change is assessing for the need for education on how to perform the dressing change. Teaching a first grader to read is an example of the nurse teaching, the teaching of children to read is not within the scope of nursing practice. Communication of discharge status is an example of the nurse as a communicator, and conduction of research is an example of the role of the nurse as a researcher.
The nurse graduated several years ago from a 2-year nursing program at a community college near the home city. Recently, the nurse has considered moving from providing direct client care into an administrative role, but recognizes the need for further education to be considered for such a position. The nurse most likely possesses which nursing qualification? Associate degree Baccalaureate Diploma Graduate degree
Associate degree An associate degree in nursing is typically a 2-year program that is offered at a community college or junior college. Such a degree allows a nurse to plan and provide care, but further education is often necessary for administrative positions. A diploma is often provided under the auspices of a hospital, while both baccalaureate and graduate degrees involve a minimum of 4 years of education; both degrees qualify a nurse to act in a supervisory role.
The nurse graduated several years ago from a 2-year nursing program at a community college near the home city. Recently, the nurse has considered moving from providing direct client care into an administrative role, but recognizes the need for further education to be considered for such a position. The nurse most likely possesses which nursing qualification? Associate degree Baccalaureate Diploma Graduate degree
Associate degree An associate degree in nursing is typically a 2-year program that is offered at a community college or junior college. Such a degree allows a nurse to plan and provide care, but further education is often necessary for administrative positions. A diploma is often provided under the auspices of a hospital, while both baccalaureate and graduate degrees involve a minimum of 4 years of education; both degrees qualify a nurse to act in a supervisory role.
Which of the following is the best example of a nurse attending an inservice program? Attending a hospital program on how to use a new IV pump Attending a continuing education program by a national organization Attending a conference on cultural diversity Taking an online course at a local university
Attending a hospital program on how to use a new IV pump Inservice education are programs designed by hospitals and other healthcare agencies to provide education and training for their employees, such as a program on how to use a new IV pump. Continuing education programs, conferences, and online classes furthering one's education are not considered inservice programs.
A nurse is planning to continue her education in the hopes of becoming an expert in geriatric nursing who carries out direct care. For which of the following expanded career roles is the nurse preparing? Clinical nurse specialist Nurse manager Nurse-midwife Physician assistant
Clinical nurse specialist Clinical nurse specialists are nurses with an advanced degree who are considered experts in a specialized area of care. They also provide direct care, consultation, and education of clients, families, and staff. Nurse managers do not normally provide direct care. Nurse-midwives specialize in obstetrical care. Physician assistants are not nurses.
What is the best nursing intervention to promote health in a client at risk for heart disease? Emphasizing a client's strengths to encourage weight loss Informing the client that he/she must lose weight Instructing client to adhere to a high-sodium diet Taking the client's pulse rate daily
Emphasizing a client's strengths to encourage weight loss Nurses promote health by identifying, analyzing, and maximizing each client's own individual strengths as components of preventing illness, restoring health, and facilitating coping with disability or death. Emphasizing the client's strengths to encourage weight loss will be the most effective weight to promote this client's health. Informing the client that they must lose weight will not help the client use his/her strengths to accomplish the goal. Low-sodium diets can prevent heart disease. Taking the pulse daily will not prevent heart disease.
Which of the following actions should the nurse implement when working with a medically homeless client? Encourage client to utilize the free healthcare clinic. Assist the client in finding housing. Encourage the client to utilize the emergency room when ill. Assist the client in finding a job.
Encourage client to utilize the free healthcare clinic. According to the Association of American Medical Colleges, many Americans are medically homeless and find it difficult to navigate the healthcare system. Encouraging the client to utilize the free healthcare clinic will help the client navigate the system and obtain access to healthcare. While utilizing the emergency room when needed is appropriate, the emergency room should not be utilized for all illnesses, as it increases the burden on the healthcare system. Assisting the client to find housing or a job will help the client, but is outside of the scope of nursing practice.
The registered nurse is performing a nutritional assessment to ensure that the client's diet is optimal for wound healing. The nurse's intervention can be traced back to which of nursing's key people's contributions to nursing? Florence Nightingale Clara Barton Dorothea Dix Linda Richards
Florence Nightingale Florence Nightingale's contributions to nursing included the recognition of the importance of nutrition to health. Clara Barton established the Red Cross. Dorothea Dix was a pioneer for reform of treatment for the mentally ill. Linda Richards began the practice of keeping records and writing orders.
The nurse is documenting the client's response to a medication. This action reflects a practice that was started by which of the following key figures in nursing's history? Linda Richards Clara Barton Florence Nightingale Lillian Wald
Florence Nightingale Documentation is an example of maintaining accurate records, a practice that was initiated by Florence Nightingale. Linda Richards began the practice of keeping the records for a period of time. Clara Barton established the Red Cross, and Lillian Wald was the founder of public health nursing.
The nurse recognizes that immunizations are an example of: Health promotion Illness prevention Health restoration Facilitating coping with disability and death
Illness prevention The aim of illness prevention activities is to reduce the risk for illness, to promote good health habits, and to maintain optimal functioning. Immunization administration is an example of illness prevention. Assisting with crutch-walking and teaching medication administration are examples of health restoration activities, which encompasses early detection of a disease to rehabilitation. Hospice care is an example of facilitating coping with disability and death.
The nurse preparing a lecture on the history of nursing should include which of the following as the first international organization for professional nurses? International Council of Nurses National League For Nurses Sigma Theta Tau International American Nurses Association
International Council of Nurses The first international organization for professional nurses was the International Council of Nurses.
The nurse preparing a lecture on the history of nursing should include which of the following as the first international organization for professional nurses? International Council of Nurses National League For Nurses Sigma Theta Tau International American Nurses Association
International Council of Nurses The first international organization for professional nurses was the International Council of Nurses.
A nurse educator is discussing the role of nursing based on the American Nurses Association (ANA). Which statement best describes this role? Nursing is a profession dependent upon the medical community as a whole. It is the role of the physician, not the nurse, to assist clients in understanding their health problems. It is the role of nursing to provide a caring relationship that facilitates health and healing. The essential components of professional nursing care are strength, endurance, and cure.
It is the role of nursing to provide a caring relationship that facilitates health and healing. The American Nurses Association (ANA) defines nursing as "the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations" (ANA, 2010). The ANA does not see nursing as dependent upon medicine. The ANA sees one of the roles of the nurse as assisting clients in understanding their health problems. The ANA does not address essential components of professional nursing care with terms such as strength, endurance, and cure.
What was one barrier to the development of the nursing profession in the United States after the Civil War? Lack of educational standards Hospital-based schools of nursing Lack of influence from nursing leaders Independence of nursing orders
Lack of educational standards A lack of educational standards was one barrier to the development of the nursing profession after the Civil War. Other barriers included a male dominance of health care and the pervading belief that women were dependent on men. The location of nursing schools, a lack of influence from nursing leaders, and independent nursing orders were not barriers to the development of the nursing profession after the Civil War.
What was one barrier to the development of the nursing profession in the United States after the Civil War? Lack of educational standards Hospital-based schools of nursing Lack of influence from nursing leaders Independence of nursing orders
Lack of educational standards A lack of educational standards was one barrier to the development of the nursing profession after the Civil War. Other barriers included a male dominance of health care and the pervading belief that women were dependent on men. The location of nursing schools, a lack of influence from nursing leaders, and independent nursing orders were not barriers to the development of the nursing profession after the Civil War.
A prospective nursing student desires a career that will allow him to provide client care and to assist professional nurses with routine technical procedures. The prospective student needs to be employed in a full-time position quickly due to economic hardship. What type of nursing program would best suit this student? Associate of science registered nursing program Baccalaureate of science registered nursing program Licensed or vocational nursing program Diploma nursing program
Licensed or vocational nursing program A licensed practical or vocational nursing program will allow the student to earn a technical certificate in 1 year and sit for the state board of nursing examination to be licensed as an LPN or LVN. An associate program will take 2 years and a baccalaureate program will take 4 years. There are very few diploma programs remaining in the U.S., and these programs typically take 3 years to complete.
Which individual provided community-based care and founded public health nursing? Mary Adelaide Nutting Lillian Wald Sojourner Truth Clara Barton
Lillian Wald Lillian Wald established a neighborhood nursing service for the sick and poor in New York City and is considered the founder of public health nursing. The other women were important to the development of nursing, but not to public health nursing.
The nurse in a rehabilitative facility makes certain that her client is participating in group activities that are of interest to him. The nurse is ensuring which client need is met? Love and belonging Self-actualization Safety and security Self-esteem
Love and belonging The nurse is responsible for making sure the needs of the client are met based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Attending a group activity helps meet the needs of love and belonging (the need to feel that one belongs and is loved to avoid loneliness and isolation). Self-actualization is the highest need and refers to realizing fully all of one's abilities and qualities. Safety and security refers to physical and psychological protection issues. Self-esteem indicates a feeling of self-worth.
The nurse going back to school for nurse midwifery can trace education for nurse midwifery to which of the following nursing leaders? Mary Breckinridge Sojourner Truth Lavinia Dock Margaret Sanger
Mary Breckinridge The nurse can trace education for nurse midwifery back to Mary Breckenridge, who established one of the first midwifery schools in the United States. Sojourner Truth and Lavinia Dock worked for the women's movement. Margaret Sanger was the founder of Planned Parenthood.
Attracting minorities to the profession of nursing is an important consideration for the future of nursing. Which of the following key historical nursing figures set a precedent in this area? Mary Elizabeth Mahoney Nora Gertrude Livingston Mary Agnes Snively Mary Ann Bickerdyke
Mary Elizabeth Mahoney Mary Elizabeth Mahnone set a precendent for minorities in the profession of nursing by becoming the first African American nurse in America. Ms. Livingston established the first 3-year hospital training in North American. Ms. Snively was a founder of the Canadian Nurses Society. Ms. Bickerdyke organized diet kitchens, laundries, and ambulance services.
A nurse wishes to pursue a degree as a nurse practitioner. What is the minimal degree needed by the nurse? Diploma Associates Masters Baccalaureate
Masters A masters degree is the minimal degree for a nurse to become a nurse practitioner.
Which national nursing organization serves as a primary source of research data about nursing education, and is the professional organization for nurse educators? National League for Nursing (NLN) American Nurses Association (ANA) Sigma Theta Tau International American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN)
National League for Nursing (NLN) The NLN serves as the primary source of research data about nursing education, conducting annual surveys of schools and new RNs. The NLN's objective is to foster the development and improvement of nursing services and nursing education, and it serves as the professional nursing organization for nurse educators. The ANA is the professional organization for RNs in the United States, and it establishes standards of practice, encourages research to advance nursing practice, and represents nursing for legislative actions. Sigma Theta Tau International is the honor society for nursing. AACN is the national voice for baccalaureate and higher-degree nursing education programs and provides accreditation for collegiate nursing programs.
The registered nurse communicates with the physical therapist that a client is now on strict bed rest due to bradycardia. Which statement best explains the standard exemplified by the nurse? The RN coordinates care delivery. The RN identifies outcomes. The RN analyzes client data. The RN collects client data.
The RN coordinates care delivery. The standard exemplified by the nurse is 5a: Coordination of Care: The RN coordinates care delivery.
The role of the nurse developed from the pre-civilization era, through the eras signifying the beginning of civilization, the beginning of the 16th century, the 18th and 19th centuries, and the World War II era to the present. Place the following roles of the nurse listed below in the correct chronologic order to follow this timeline. 1 Nurses were portrayed as a mother, caring for family and delivering physical care and health remedies. 2 Nurses were viewed as slaves, carrying out menial tasks based on the orders of the priest. 3 There was a shortage of nurses; criminals were recruited as nurses; nursing was viewed as disreputable. 4 Florence Nightingale elevated nursing to a respected occupation and founded modern methods in nursing education. 5 Efforts were made to upgrade nursing education, and women were more assertive and independent. 6 Nursing was broadened in all areas and was practiced in a wide variety of settings; nursing was viewed as a profession.
Nurses were portrayed as a mother, caring for family and delivering physical care and health remedies. Nurses were viewed as slaves, carrying out menial tasks based on the orders of the priest There was a shortage of nurses; criminals were recruited as nurses; nursing was viewed as disreputable. Florence Nightingale elevated nursing to a respected occupation and founded modern methods in nursing education. Efforts were made to upgrade nursing education, and women were more assertive and independent. Nursing was broadened in all areas and was practiced in a wide variety of settings; nursing was viewed as a profession. The roles of the nurse changed significantly from the beginning of civilization to today. First, nurses were portrayed as a mother, caring from the family with not only physical care, but also health remedies. Second, nurses moved to being portrayed as slaves, carrying out menial tasks under the direction of the priest. Later, as religious orders begin to close, women criminals were recruited to become nurses. In the 1800's, Florence Nightingale elevated the public persona of nursing to a more respectable profession. After World War II, nursing education began to be upgraded. The role of women began to change in society, as women became more assertive and independent. Finally, nursing areas of practice broadened to include a variety of settings. Nursing began to be viewed as a profession.
A nurse identifies a patient's health care needs and devises a plan of care to meet those needs. Which guideline is being followed in this case? Nursing standards Nursing orders Nurse practice acts Nursing process
Nursing process Devising a plan of care is based on the nursing process. This process, identifies the client's healthcare needs and strengths, to establish and carry out a plan of care to meet those needs, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the plan to meet established outcomes. Nursing standards allow nurses to carry out professional roles, serving as protection for the nurse, the patient, and the institution where healthcare is given. Nurse practice acts are laws established in each state in the United States to regulate the practice of nursing. Nursing orders prescribe the nursing care to be given to assist the client to meet health goals.
The client's plan of care is created by the nurse using which guideline for nursing practice? Nursing process Nursing's Social Policy Statement Nurse practice act ANA Standards of Nursing Practice
Nursing process Nursing process is used to identify the client's strengths, limitations, and health care needs, to formulate a plan of care to address the health care needs, to implement that plan of care, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the plan to achieve established outcomes. The ANA Standards of Nursing Practice defines the activities of nurses that are specific and unique to nursing. Nurse practice acts are laws established by each state to regulate the practice of nursing. Nursing's Social Policy Statement describes the values and social responsibility of nursing, provides a definition and scope of practice for nursing and nursing's knowledge base, as well as the methods by which nursing is regulated.
What might a nurse need to do to ensure the continuation of his/her nursing license? Obtain a baccalaureate degree. Obtain a master's degree. Attend hospital in-services. Obtain continuing education credits.
Obtain continuing education credits. In many states, continuing education is required for an RN to maintain licensure. These are defined as professional development experiences designed to enrich the nurse's contribution to health. Obtainment of an ongoing degree is not necessary to maintain licensure. While hospital in-services may provide continuing education, not all in-services are designed to do so.
Teaching a woman about breast self-examination is an example of what broad aim of nursing? Treating illness Preventing illness Restoring health Facilitating coping
Preventing illness Nurses primarily prevent illness by teaching and personal example. Illness- prevention activities focus on avoiding illness or achieving early detection of an illness, such as breast cancer. Treating illness involves nursing interventions for people who have surgery or are ill. Facilitating coping is involved with easing transitions to new states of being.
During the Christian era, nursing care excluded which area? Nutrition Personal counseling Comfort measures Psychiatric services
Psychiatric services During the Christian era nursing focused on many of the same areas that nursing focuses on today, but excluded psychiatric services. Areas of focus included nutrition, mobility, medication administration, personal counseling, hygiene, and comfort measures.
The nurse is using the nursing process to care for a client and is in the process of making a nursing diagnosis for the client. Which of the following best reflects a nursing diagnosis? Risk for falls Hypertension Congestive heart failure Pnuemonia
Risk for falls Risk for falls is a nursing diagnosis. Hypertension, congestive heart failure, and pneumonia are medical diagnoses versus nursing diagnoses.
The nurse is utilizing knowledge about a blood pressure medication's actions and side effects to determine whether or not to give a client, whose blood pressure is low, the prescribed blood pressure medication. What best describes the aspect of nursing demonstrated? Science of nursing Art of nursing Conduction of research Quality improvement
Science of nursing The science of nursing is the knowledge base for the care provided by the nurse. In this example, the nurse is using this knowledge base to decide how best to care for the client by giving or not giving the blood pressure medication. The art of nursing is the application of the knowledge. In this example it would be demonstrated by the nurse actually giving or holding the medication. Quality improvement activities and the conduction of research influence the science and the art of nursing by helping build the body of knowledge that is the science of nursing.
Which organization offers membership by invitation to students who demonstrate excellence in scholarship and to nurses in the community who demonstrate excellence in leadership? National Student Nurses Association (NSNA) Sigma Theta Tau International, Honor Society of Nursing American Nurses Association (ANA) Accreditation Commission for Education in Nursing (ACEN)
Sigma Theta Tau International, Honor Society of Nursing Sigma Theta Tau International, the honor society of nursing, was founded in 1922 and is headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana. The six nurse founders named the organization from the Greek words Storgé, Tharsos, and Timé, meaning "love," "courage," and "honor." Sigma Theta Tau International provides leadership and scholarship in practice, education, and research to enhance the health of all people. Membership is by invitation to students who demonstrate excellence in scholarship and to nurses in the community who demonstrate excellence in leadership.
Which explanation differentiates the Registered Nurse (RN) from the Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN)? The RN is permitted to prescribed medications. The LPN can only work in a long-term facility. The RN directs the workload of an LPN. The LPN should work under the supervision of an RN.
The LPN should work under the supervision of an RN. LPNs are employed in hospitals, long-term care facilities, and rehabilitation centers and by health care providers such as physicians. LPNs differ from RNs in two areas: educational preparation and scope of practice. LPNs always practice under the supervision of an RN.
Which explanation differentiates the Registered Nurse (RN) from the Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN)? The RN is permitted to prescribed medications. The LPN can only work in a long-term facility. The RN directs the workload of an LPN. The LPN should work under the supervision of an RN.
The LPN should work under the supervision of an RN. LPNs are employed in hospitals, long-term care facilities, and rehabilitation centers and by health care providers such as physicians. LPNs differ from RNs in two areas: educational preparation and scope of practice. LPNs always practice under the supervision of an RN.
The definition of implementation would include which of the following? The action phase of the nursing process in which nursing care is provided. The use of assessment skills to develop a nursing diagnosis. The developement of outcome criteria. The inclusion of the patient in establishing outcome goals. The proper documentation of the nursing assessment
The action phase of the nursing process in which nursing care is provided. Implementation refers to the action phase of the nursing process in which nursing care is provided. It is the actual initiation of the plan and recording of nursing actions. Its purpose is to provide technical and therapeutic nursing care required to help the patient achieve an optimal level of health.
Which of the following is the best example of client-centered approach to care? The nurse helps a client ambulate. The nurse asks the client about his health goals. The nurse asks the client what he would like to order from menu. The nurse drawing a blood sample from a client.
The nurse asks the client about his health goals. Client-centered care is one of the quality and safety education requirements for nursing competencies (QSEN). The intent of client-centered care is to ensure that care is centered on the client, and not the needs of the nurse. An example of this is the nurse asking the client about his health goals so that they can be addressed on the client's plan of care. Helping the client ambulate and drawing a blood sample are examples of client care, but are not client-centered care.
A group of nursing students has attended a presentation about the National Student Nurses' Association (NSNA). Which statement by the group indicates that they have understood the information presented? The NSNA is run by a group of registered nurses. The organization is funded by the national government. The NSNA contributes to the improvement of public health. The organization provides programs of current professional interest.
The organization provides programs of current professional interest. The National Student Nurses' Association provides programs of current professional interest. It is not run by a group of registered nurses, but by nursing students themselves. It is student-funded, not funded by the national government. The Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education, not the National Student Nurses' Association, contributes to the improvement of public health.
A registered nurse wishes to work as a nurse researcher. Which is true regarding nurse researchers? They are responsible for the continued development and advancement of nursing. They usually have a baccalaureate degree in nursing. They serve as liaisons between staff members and directors of nursing. They tend to work in community health centers and long-term care units.
They are responsible for the continued development and advancement of nursing. Nurse researchers are responsible for the continued development and refinement of nursing. They usually have advanced education in addition to a baccalaureate degree in nursing. Nurse administrators, not nurse researchers, serve as liaisons between staff members and directors of nursing. Nurse researchers tend to work in large teaching hospitals, research centers, and academic institutions, not community health centers and long-term care units.
The nurse working with an LPN understands which of the following about LPNs? They must take a licensure exam. They may work independently. They have a higher degree than most RNs. The program is 4 years in length.
They must take a licensure exam. Schools for practical nursing programs are located in varied settings. Most programs are 1 year in length. Upon completion of the program, graduates can take the National Council Licensure Examination-Practical Nursing (NCLEX-PN) for licensure as an LPN. LPNs work under the direction of a physician or RN to give direct care to clients, focusing on meeting health care needs in hospitals, nursing homes, and home health agencies.
During the Reformation, what factor influenced the decline of nursing? Advancement of medicine Implementation of technology Establishment of men in nursing Women's subordination to men
Women's subordination to men Women were viewed as subordinate to men and were expected to remain at home caring for children; this decreased the number of qualified women practicing nursing.
During the Reformation, what factor influenced the decline of nursing? Advancement of medicine Implementation of technology Establishment of men in nursing Women's subordination to men
Women's subordination to men Women were viewed as subordinate to men and were expected to remain at home caring for children; this decreased the number of qualified women practicing nursing.
The RN is working with hospital administration to transform care at their facility. Which of the following nursing competencies will be critical for the nurse to utilize? Work effectively in interdisciplinary teams. Correctly utilize and troubleshoot high-tech equipment. Navigate the electronic medical records system. Do things the way they have always been done.
Work effectively in interdisciplinary teams. The RN working with administration to transform care will need to be able to work effectively as part of an interdisciplinary team. The nurse will need to work as a team member with members of administration, as well as representatives from other health disciplines involved in the project. The ability to use and troubleshoot equipment and to navigate the electronic medical records are important to the nurse, but will not necessarily help when working with administration to transform care. Doing things the way they have always been done is a barrier to transformation of care.
The need for university-based nursing education programs was brought to light during which important historical time? Spanish-American War World War I World War II Korean War
World War II Esther Lucile Brown, in her report on nursing education published at that time, wrote that nursing education belonged in colleges and universities, not in hospitals.
Which of the following is the best example of the nursing acting as an advocate? Leading implementation of electronic medical records on the unit Writing legislator for insurance coverage for screening colonoscopies Communicating clients' test results to the physician Testing which product is the best for healing diabetic foot ulcers
Writing legislator for insurance coverage for screening colonoscopies The best example of the nurse acting as an advocate is writing legislator for insurance coverage for screening colonoscopies. When acting as an advocate, the nurse attempts to secure care for all clients. By ensuring insurance coverage for this screening test, the nurse is securing care to clients who otherwise would not be able to afford the screening test. Communicating test results to a physician is an example of communication, and testing products is an example of the role of researcher. By leading implementation of electronic medical records, the nurse is acting as a leader.
Which of the following best exemplifies the role of the nurse as educator? a nurse discussing side effects of a medication with a client a nurse allowing a client to verbalize fears of death a nurse researching the best way to provide care a nurse referring a client to outpatient services
a nurse discussing side effects of a medication with a client When the nurse is in the role of educator, the nurse uses communication skills to assess, implement, and evaluate individualized education plans to meet the learning needs of clients, such as when discussing side effects of a medication. Allowing the client to verbalize feelings and/or referring them to outpatient services demonstrates the role of counselor. Researching the best way to provide care demonstrates the role of researcher.
A registered nurse (RN) is caring for four clients on a medical-surgical unit. Which task is most appropriate for the nurse to delegate to the licensed practical nurse (LPN)? administering bedside blood glucose testing administering blood products administering intravenous push medication administering chemotherapy
administering bedside blood glucose testing The LPN, under the Nurse Practice Act, is permitted to administer testing for bedside blood glucose. The nurse must recognize the scope of practice of the delegate, and remember that client needs and activities delegated must be matched to skill level. The RN would not delegate administration of blood products, intravenous push medication, or chemotherapy to the LPN, as these tasks are not covered under the LPN's nurse practice act (NPA).
Nurses must use multiple mechanical devices in the workplace to assess their patients. The data collected from these devices supply what type of information? objective subjective informational educational sympathetic
objective Measurement devices provide objective information for the evaluation of patient outcomes.
Due to the rising cost of health care services, many procedures and treatments are being delivered in what type of setting? hospital medical centers outpatient facility community health care center
outpatient facility Many procedures and treatments are being delivered in outpatient settings since hospital and medical center stays significantly increase health care costs to the client and insurance company. "Community health care centers" typically refer to facilities such as day care centers or ambulatory clinics.
