Chapter 1

Homeostasis

Ability to maintain body structure and function

Metabolism

All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism

Studies small intestine including its relationship to the rest of the body...

Anatomy

Sternal refers to the ______.

Anterior middle region of the thorax

Pubic refers to:

Anterior region of the pelvis

Cytology studies

Body cells and their internal structure

Physiology is the study of:

Body function

What is the nervous system function?

Control body movement and conduct impulses for internal communication

Regional Anatomy

Examines structures in a body region

What is the function of the urinary system?

Filters blood and removes waste

Surface anatomy

Focus on superficial anatomical markings and internal body structures

Physiologist examine what of various organ systems?

Function

axial region is composed of

Head, neck, trunk

What is the body's ability to maintain a consistent internal environment called?

Homeostasis

Parietal layers line the

Internal surface of body walls

What is the function of the cardiovascular system?

Move blood containing hormones, nutrients, gases

What is the function of the lymphatic system?

Participate in an immune response

Examines how the muscles of the small intestine propel food through the digestive tract...

Physiology

names of body cavities

Posterior and ventral

What is the muscular systems function?

Products movement an heat

Anatomical term for central most anterior region of the pelvis is...

Pubic

The component of homeostasis called the _____ , is the sensory nerve body structure that detects changes in a variable, which is either the substances or process that is regulated

Receptor

What is gross anatomy?

Study of structures that can be seen with the naked eye

What is an accurate description of the anatomical position?

The eyes look forward, head is level

The plane labeled is:

Transverse

Form and function are interrelated

True

Most processes in the body are controlled by negative feedback loop?

True

Appendicular region is composed of

Upper and lower limbs

The correct anatomical term for spinal column is:

Vertebral

The canal that contains the spinal cord is the:

Vertebral canal

sagital plane (median plane)

Vertically divides the body into right and left sides

Responsiveness

ability to sense and react to stimuli

The directional term that means in front of is:

anterior

''Antecubital'' refers to the _____.

anterior aspect of elbow

In the anatomical position, palms face

anteriorly

Chemical level

atoms and molecules

Posterior means towards the

back

What does the cranial cavity contain?

brain

Organs of the cranial cavity include ______.

brain only

Mammary is to _____ as brachial is to arm.

breast

Anatomical term for heel:

calcaneal

Cellular level

cells, basic units of life

Anatomical term for head is:

cephalic

Simplest level of organization

chemical

The anatomical term mental refers to:

chin

The anatomical term for hip is _____, whereas the anatomical term for wrist is ____

coxal; carpal

Posterior aspect is divided into

cranial cavity and vertebral canal

midsgittal plane

divides the body into equal right and left halves

Cranial is to skull as auricular is to ______.

ear

Cardiovascular physiology

examines the functioning of the heart, blood vessels, and blood

Anatomy studies

form and structure

Anterior means towards the

front

Form follows

function

Physiologist study

function

respiratory physiology

functions of the air passageways and lungs

What is the function of the respiratory system?

gas exchange

Anatomical term for buttock is:

gluteal

Physiology studies

how the body functions

Catabolism

large molecules broken down into smaller ones

As the human body grows and develops, structures such as the brain become ______ complex.

more

Organ level

multiple tissues working together

Anatomical term for nose:

nasal

Anatomical term for back of head

occipital

organismal level

organ systems function together

Most complex level of organization

organismal level

Oblique planes

pass through a structure at an angle

When a stimulus is reinforced to continue in the same direction until a climatic event occurs, it is best described as _____

positive feedback

The heart is considered ____ to the sternum

posterior

Olecranon refers to:

posterior aspect of the elbow

organ system level

related organs work together

ventral cavities are lined by

serous membrane

Cephalic is to head as deltoid is to

shoulder

Tissue level

similar cells performing common functions

Anabolism

small molecules joined to form larger ones

What does the vertebral cavity contain?

spinal cord

systemic anatomy

studies the anatomy of each functional body system

Embryology

study of embryos and their development

Histology refers to:

study of tissues

Ventral cavity is partitioned into

superior thoracic cavity and inferior abdominopelvic cavity

reproductive physiology

the functioning of reproductive hormones and the reproductive cycle

Pathophysiology

the study of how disease processes affect the function of the body

Comparative anatomy

the study of similarities and differences in the anatomy of different species

What is microscopic anatomy?

the study of structures that are too small to be seen with the naked eye

Histology studies

tissues

Which plane divides the body into superior and inferior parts?

transverse plane

The central point that is used when the abdomen is divided into four quadrants is the

umbilicus, navel

Which cavity is larger?

ventral

How many compartments in the abdominopelvic cavity

9

The region of the body that is composed of the upper and lower limbs is the:

Appendicular region

Visceral pericardium

Covers the hearts external surface

Receptor

Detects change in a variable

What does the abdominal cavity contain?

Digestive organs, kidney, ureters

What does the pelvic cavity contain?

Distal part of large intestine, remainder of ureters and bladder, internal repro. Organs

Pericardium

Double-layered membrane surrounding the heart.

Pancreas is most associated with the

Epigastric region

The pericardial membrane is superficial to the liver

False

Neurophysiology

Functional properties of nerve cells

The bladder is most associated with the

Hypogastric region

What area is the Pelvic cavity?

Inferior

Visceral pleura

Inner layer that covers external surface of lungs

Spleen is most associated with the

Left hypochondriac region

What feedback controls most processes in body

Negative

Resulting in opposite direction of stimulus

Negative feedback

Variable fluctuates within a normal range around a set point

Negative feedback

Parietal pleura

Outer layer that lines the internal surface of thoracic wall

Occurs much less frequent than neg. feedback

Positive

Breastfeeding is an example of

Positive feedback

Moves until climatic event occurs

Positive feedback

What is the integumentary systems function?

Provide protection, regulate body temp. , prevent water loss

What is the skeletal systems function?

Provide support and protection, site of hemopoiesis

Nervous system can provide a

Quick response

Gall bladder is most associated with the

Right hypochondriac region

What is the function of the endocrine system?

Secrete hormones to regulate growth and chemical levels in the blood

Pericardial cavity

Space between parietal and visceral layers containing serous fluid

Pleural cavity

Space between parietal and visceral layers containing serous fluid

What is the order of homeostatic control

Stimulus, receptor, control center, effector

What area is the abdominal cavity

Superior

Endocrine response is more

Sustained

The pleura are lateral to the pericardial cavity

True

Pleura

Two layered serous membrane associated with the lungs

Peritoneum

Two layered serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity

Regulation

ability to adjust internal bodily function to accommodate environment changes

The chemical level of an organization is:

composed of atoms and molecules, the simplest level of organization

The mediastinum contains

esophagus, trachea, heart, great vessels

The anatomical term for buttock is:

gluteal

right and left hypochondriac regions

inferior to the costal cartilages and lateral to the epigastric region

hypogastric region

inferior to the umbilical region

Anatomical term describing the groin

inguinal

visceral peritoneum

inner layer which covers the external surface of most abdominal and pelvic organs

Control center

interprets input from receptor and initiates changes through effector

right and left iliac regions

lateral to the hypogastric region

right and left lumbar region

lateral to the umbilical region

What is serous fluid?

liquid secreted by cells in serous membrane

Anatomical term for lower back

lumbar

Mediastinum

median space in the thoracic cavity

Umbilical region

middle region, named for the umbilicus (navel) that lies in its center

Temperature regulation is an example of

negative feedback

parietal pericardium

outer layer of the pericardium

Popliteal refers to the:

posterior aspect of the knee

Peritoneal cavity

potential space between parietal and visceral layers containing serous fluid

What are the three components of homeostatic systems?

receptor, control center, effector

What does serous fluid do?

reduces friction

Serous cavity

space between membranes

epigastric region

superior to the umbilical region

Anatomical term for the calf area:

sural

Homeostasis

the ability of an organism to maintain constant internal conditions

parietal peritoneum

the outer layer of the peritoneum that lines the interior of the abdominal wall

Effector

the structure that brings about the change to alter the stimulus