Chapter 1 Practice Quiz Questions

From 1980 to 2016, the Chinese government instituted forced family planning which limited couples to how many children?

1

Some developmentalists suggest that the availability of guns in the United States is one of the main factors in the U.S. homicide rates. The U.S. homicide rates are _____ times higher than those of other wealthy nations.

25

Piaget's concrete operational period typically occurs from the ages of:

6 to 11 years

Some developmentalists suggest that the availability of guns in the United States is one of the main factors in gun-related suicides. The U.S. gun-suicide rate is _____ times higher than other wealthy nations.

8

Which of the following is a drawback of longitudinal research discussed in your text?

Data collected on people born long ago may not be relevant for today.

Dr. Jones is conducting a study on the impact of playing violent video games and childhood aggression. He has administered more than 500 questionnaires to parents and has interviewed almost 100 children. He has also observed 50 children playing violent video games and then playing with toys afterward. Dr. Jones has attempted to integrate multiple methods of research with varying samples of children. Dr. Jones has concluded that children who play violent video games will become aggressive. What is a potential problem with his research?

Dr. Jones has misinterpreted the results of his correlational study.

Which of the following is TRUE of scientific observation?

It requires specialized equipment such as video recorders.

Which theorist stressed the role of culture and society?

Lev Vygotsky

Which of the following MOST accurately describes the purpose of the scientific method?

Research findings should be made available to other scientists.

What does it mean when a correlation exists between two variables?

There is a relationship between two variables.

This country has the only census form that separates race and ethnicity, which may encourage stereotyping.

United States

With regard to the gap in wealth among its residents, which country has the distinction of being the MOST unequal of all developed countries?

United States

According to Freud, who is most likely to be in the phallic stage?

a 4 year old girl

Developmental researchers are required to follow _____ that protect(s) the integrity of research.

a code of ethics

Socioeconomic status is determined by all of the following EXCEPT: a. bank account balance. b. occupation c. residence d. income

a. bank account balance.

Which of the following developmental stages is socially constructed?

adolescence

Which research method would BEST address the question of what causes a given behavior?

an experiment

To say that something is "empirical" means that it is:

based on data

Development is divided into which three domains?

biosocial, cognitive, and psychosocial

Evolutionary theory attempts to explain all of the following EXCEPT:

brain stimulation that promotes intellectual growth.

A critical period of development is a time when:

certain things are required to proceed with normal development.

The field of developmental science studies all kinds of people and how they:

change or stay the same over time.

The experience of white coat syndrome is a form of learning in which a patient sees a doctor and exhibits a rise in blood pressure. According to behaviorism, this BEST demonstrates:

classical conditioning

Information-processing theory focuses on the steps of:

cognition

According to Piaget's cognitive theory, intellectual advancement occurs because humans seek a state of mental balance called:

cognitive equilibrium

Comparing generational attitudes between baby boomers, Generation X, and Millennials on same-sex marriages exemplifies _____ influences.

cohort

According to the text, parental choice for a child's first name reveals:

cohort effects

Piaget's third period of cognitive development is:

concrete operational

Which of Piaget's periods of cognitive development highlights thinking that is limited to what can be directly experienced?

concrete operational

This is defined as the system of shared beliefs, conventions, norms, behaviors, expectations and symbolic representations that persist over time and prescribe social rules of conduct.

culture

Values, conventions, clothing, and behaviors are part of a group's:

culture

Who of the following is in middle childhood? a. Moshe, who is 5 years old b. Rebecca, who is 12 years old c. Brandon, who is 3 years old d. Micah, who is 8 years old

d. Micah, who is 8 years old

In a study of the effects of noise on test performance, test performance would be the:

dependent variable

In a study of the effects of nutrition on school performance, test scores would be a likely:

dependent variable.

Which step of the scientific method involves making a specific prediction?

developing a hypothesis

According to the dynamic-systems approach:

development is an ongoing and ever-changing interaction.

The concept that some people are more vulnerable to certain experiences due to their genotype is called:

differential sensitivity

The term used to describe the rapid changes or shifts in puberty when a child's body becomes that of a woman or a man is:

discontinuity

Stacey is 20 years old and is a college sophomore. Which stage of development is she currently in?

emerging adulthood

Which theory was developed in response to such questions as "Is survival a human instinct?"

evolutionary

According to Urie Bronfenbrenner, which level of development encompasses local institutions such as schools and churches?

exosystems

In an experiment, the group that receives the "special" treatment is called the _____ group.

experimental

_____ analysis reveals variables that can be clustered together to form a composite.

factor

The primary goal of the study of human development is:

for everyone to have a happy, productive, and meaningful life.

Another name for the nature versus nurture debate is:

heredity versus environment.

Members of a given cohort experience the same:

historical events at about the same age.

The science of human development seeks to understand:

how and why people change over time

Freud believed that most sexual needs were dormant during which period?

latency stage

Behaviorism is commonly referred to as:

learning theory

A person's socioeconomic status includes:

level of education

An approach to the study of human development that takes into account all phases of life is:

life-span perspective.

In the industry versus inferiority stage, children try to:

master new skills.

When considering culture and ethnicity, it is important to remember that:

membership in an ethnic minority group is not equivalent to a common cultural experience.

A statistical tool used to synthesize the results of previous, separate studies is called a(n):

meta-analysis

This is commonly referred to as a "study of studies."

meta-analysis

According to Freud, the erotic body part during infancy is the:

mouth

Freud believed that the _____ was the focus of pleasurable sensation during infancy.

mouth

Human development includes insight and information from diverse academic disciplines, so it is referred to as:

multi-disciplinary.

People continue to take one side or the other in the nature versus nurture debate, but what we can conclude is that:

nature and nurture affect each other.

To say that most infants will put two words together in their speech by 18 months of age and the expectation of this, is describing a:

norm

When an infant learns that an object still exists when it is out of sight, he has developed:

object permanence.

Modeling is also called:

observational learning

Learning theorists believe that development:

occurs in small increments.

Through the process of reinforcement, weak or rare voluntary responses become strong frequent responses. This is referred to as:

operant conditioning

Maria smokes cigarettes and bites her nails. If Maria were a patient of Freud's, he may suggest that she is unconsciously stuck in which stage?

oral

With regard to development, Freud believed that:

personalities are developed and cemented in the early years.

The story regarding the prenatal and postnatal development of the author's nephew David following his mother's contraction of rubella while he was in utero illustrates:

plasticity

People's macrosystems include:

political processes.

What is the first step of the scientific method?

pose a question

As individuals grow older, their height also changes. Therefore, what would the correlation be for an individual from birth to the age of 9 years and the respective height each year?

positive correlation

Replication is important in scientific research because it:

provides additional evidence using a different population.

Inner drives, deep motives, and unconscious needs are foundations of _____ theory.

psychoanalytic

Sigmund Freud is considered the founder of the _____ theory.

psychoanalytic

Which theory was developed in response such to questions as "Do experiences in early childhood of neglect or attachment continue into adulthood?"

psychoanalytic

These are two opposing theories that dominated psychology in the first half of the twentieth century.

psychoanalytic and behaviorism

Professor Hernandez is interviewing female college students about their experiences with and opinions about the "college party culture." She asks open-ended questions of participants. What type of research is Professor Hernandez conducting?

qualitative

Research that provides data which can be expressed with numbers is called:

quantitative

A study of census categories used by 141 nations found that only 15 percent use _____ on their census forms.

race

This term categorizes people on the basis of physical differences in outward appearance.

race

People from the Caribbean typically do not identify themselves as being of the same race as African Americans. This is likely because:

race is a social construct that has been misleadingly based on outward appearance.

Consequences that increase the likelihood that a particular action will be repeated are called:

reinforcements

Which of the following is an identified step of the scientific method?

reporting results

Professor Thomas is presenting the findings of his most recent completed research study at a national psychological conference. At which step of the scientific method is Professor Thomas?

reporting the results

Science is needed in the study of human development because:

research provides data and facts that will enable people to live full lives.

A method commonly used to answer questions through the use of empirical research and data-based conclusions is:

scientific method

Elsa wants to research preschoolers' eating habits. She is reviewing video footage taken during snack and lunch breaks at four preschools. Her method of study is:

scientific observation

Most developmentalists prefer an eclectic perspective so that they can:

selectively use features from all of the theories.

Development over the course of an entire life is all of the following EXCEPT:

static

A group of cancer patients are given an experimental treatment. Which of the following is the independent variable?

the experimental treatment

Bronfenbrenner's identified chronosystem level in the ecological-systems approach is also commonly referred to as:

time-system

Which of the following is the primary role of an Institutional Review Board (IRB)?

to make sure that only research that follows appropriate ethical guidelines is conducted

Plasticity highlights the fact that a person's:

traits can change over time.

Which of Erikson's stages occurs at the same time as Freud's oral stage?

trust versus mistrust

Socioeconomic status refers to a person's:

wealth and occupation

Nurture refers to environmental influences that begin:

with an embryo's mother's lifestyle and health.