Chapter 1 Psychology

Behaviorists study ________.

learned behavior

Psychology refers to the ________.

the scientific study of mind and behavior

Biopsychology

Investigates how the structure and function of the nervous system generate behavior. -Includes an interest in brain mechanisms, hormones, and genetics and how these bodily events interact with the external environment

Penelope studies how the structure and function of the nervous system is related to behavior. She is a ________.

biopsychologist

Humanism

emphasizes the ability of human beings to guide their own lives (Maslow & Rogers)

William James was the ________.

first American psychologist

Functionalism

focused on how mental activities helped an organism adapt to its environment ( James)

Behavorism

focuses on observing and controlling behavior (Pavlov, Watson, Skinner)

pschoanalytic theory

focuses on the role of the unconscious in affecting conscious behavior (freud)

Introspection refers to a process by which someone examines ________ as objectively as possible.

her own conscious experience

Susan wants to study prejudice, attraction, how we explain our own behavior versus how we explain the behavior of others, and how we resolve interpersonal conflicts. Susan should conduct research in the area of ________.

social psychology

The cognitive revolution led psychologists to focus their attention on better understanding ________.

the mind and mental processes that underlie behavior

Cognitive Psychology

Emphasizes mental processes (reasoning, memory, language, problem solving, etc.) and how they relate to experience and behavior

developmental psychology

Explores physical and mental attributes of aging and maturation. -How we grow and change throughout our livespan

personality psychology

Focuses on behaviors and thought patterns that are unique to each individual

clinical psychology

Focuses on diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and problematic patterns of behavior. -Study involves clinical therapy and counseling

social psychology

How individuals interact and relate with others and how such interactions can affect behavior. -Prejudice -Attraction -Conformity

Which of the following psychologists was a behaviorist?

John Watson

Who established the first Psychology lab?

Wilhelm Wundt

Psychoanalytic theory focuses on ________ and early childhood experiences.

a person's unconscious

Ashya wants to focus on the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and other problematic patterns of behavior. What area of psychology should she work in?

clinical psychology

Lucy wants to study changes in cognitive skills, moral reasoning, and social behavior across the lifespan. Lucy should specialize in ________ psychology.

developmental

________ is a perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans.

humanism

Edmund wants to identify relatively consistent patterns of thought and behavior, measure these traits, and determine how these traits interact in a particular context to determine how a person will behave in any given situation. Edmund wants to conduct research in the area of ________.

personality

What is Abraham Maslow best known for?

proposing a hierarchy of human needs in motivating behavior

According to William James, the purpose of psychology was to ________.

study the function of behavior

Behaviorism focuses on making psychology an objective science by ________.

studying overt behavior and deemphasizing the importance of unobservable mental processes

Cognitive psychology focuses on studying ________.

thoughts and their relationship to our experiences and our actions

Structuralism

understanding the conscious experience through introspection (Wundt