Chapter 1 Psychology Review

D

A number of areas of study have played important parts in the development of psychology as a field. Which of the following played the least important part? A. philosophy B. biology C. physiology D. physics

C

A person who has suffered a major stroke and is now experiencing severe personality problems because of the damage would BEST be advised to see a ________. A. psychiatric social worker B. psychologist C. psychiatrist D. cognitive psychologist

D

A researcher interested in what factors make an employee best suited for a given job would most likely identify as a(n) ________ psychologist. A. personality B. clinical C. social D. I-O

A

Based on your reading, which theorist would have been most likely to agree with this statement: Perceptual phenomena are best understood as a combination of their components. A. William James B. Max Wertheimer C. Carl Rogers D. Noam Chomsky

C

Before psychology became a recognized academic discipline, matters of the mind were undertaken by those in ________. A) biology B) chemistry C) philosophy D) physics

D

If someone wanted to become a psychology professor at a 4-year college, they would probably need a ________ degree in psychology. A. bachelor of science B. bachelor of art C. master's D. PhD

B

In Milgram's controversial study on obedience, nearly ________ of the participants were willing to administer what appeared to be lethal electrical shocks to another person because they were told to do so by an authority figure. A. 1/3 B. 2/3 C. 3/4 D. 4/5

C

In the early part of the past century, psychologists who broke down thought processes into their basic elements and analyzed them were called structuralists. What term might we use to describe psychologists with similar interests today? A. humanistic B. behavioral C. cognitive D. Gestalt

D

In the scientific method, a hypothesis is a(n) ________. A) observation B) measurement C) test D) proposed explanation

B

Participants in research early in psychology's history might have been asked to view a chair and describe its color, shape, and texture and other aspects of their conscious experience. These individuals would have been using a method called ________. A. hypnosis B. introspection C. psychoanalysis D. psychosurgery

D

Rogers believed that providing genuineness, empathy, and ________ in the therapeutic environment for his clients was critical to their being able to deal with their problems. A. structuralism B. functionalism C. Gestalt D. unconditional positive regard

C

The question "Why is it happening?" refers to which of the following goals in psychology? A. description B. control C. explanation D. prediction

True

Today, theorists believe components of many perspectives combine to produce the best explanation for human functioning. These combined perspectives are eclectic theories. True or False

B

¡If you are interested in how patterns, beliefs, and customs influence behavior, you are interested in the ________ perspective. A. psychodynamic B. sociocultural/multicultural C. behavioral D. cognitive

A

¡The operant conditioning chamber (aka ________ box) is a device used to study the principles of operant conditioning. A. Skinner B. Watson C. James D. Koffka

D

¡Whose ideas were organized into a school of thought referred to as functionalism? A. Max Wertheimer B. Ivan Pavlov C. Wilhelm Wundt D. William James

C

An individual's consistent pattern of thought and behavior is known as a(n) ________. A. psychosexual stage B. object permanence C. personality D. perception

C

Carl Rogers emphasized accepting people for what they are, not for what you would like them to be. This acceptance is termed ________. A. unconditional esteem B. conditional positive regard C. unconditional positive regard D. conditional esteem

C

Professor Beverly approaches questions about human behavior from a perspective that emphasizes bodily events and chemicals, such as hormones, associated with behavior. It is most likely that she accepts which of the following psychological approaches? A. sociocultural B. cognitive C. biopsychological D. behaviorism

B

The ________ places less emphasis on research and more emphasis on application of therapeutic skills. A. PhD B. PsyD C. postdoctoral training program D. dissertation

D

What advice might John B. Watson have offered to psychologists of his time? A. "We cannot know others until we know ourselves." B. "Remember that what we accomplish is due to the composition of our genes." C. "Life is an effort to overcome inferiority." D. "Focus on observable behavior."

D

Which of the following degrees would be the minimum required to teach psychology courses in high school? A. PhD B. PsyD C. master's degree D. bachelor's degree

D

Which of the following does not describe psychology. A. scientific B. theoretical C. individual D. opinion

A

A researcher interested in how changes in the cells of the hippocampus (a structure in the brain related to learning and memory) are related to memory formation would be most likely to identify as a(n) ________ psychologist. A. biological B. health C. clinical D. social

B

Chris assists hospital patients by working to develop weight loss programs to minimize the chance that they may someday need to return to the hospital. In which area of psychology does Chris probably work? A. clinical psychology B. health psychology C. educational psychology D. personality psychology

D

Which of the following was mentioned as a skill to which psychology students would be exposed? A) critical thinking B) use of the scientific method C) critical evaluation of sources of information D) all of the above

C

________ is most well-known for proposing his hierarchy of needs. A. Noam Chomsky B. Carl Rogers C. Abraham Maslow D. Sigmund Freud