Chapter 1 Questions

Explain why an herbal tea made from echinacea is a dietary supplement according to the Dietary Supplement and Health Education Act of 1994

Echinacea provides something beneficial to the health of the body.

Provide three examples of empty-calorie food, a nutrient dense food, and an energy-dense food.

Empty: Candy, snack chips, soda Nutrient-Dense: Broccoli, fat-free milk, oranges Energy-Dense: Donuts, Big Mac, fast-food pizza

Identify the leading cause of death in the United States that are associated with dietary practices.

Heart disease, diabetes

Distinguish between macronutrients and micronutrients, and provide examples of each

Macronutrients are required in vast quantities (carbs), micronutrients are needed in small amounts (vitamins).

Explain the meaning of organic in context of chemical compounds

Organic means that the compounds contain carbon.

What are three factors that determine whether a substance is an essential nutrient?

1. Does it cause a deficiency disease 2. Does the addition of the nutrient into the diet resolve the issue of the deficiency disorder. 3.After identification, scientists can understand why the abnormalities occured.

List 3 nutrition-related objectives of Healthy People 2020

1. Increase the amount of fruit in the diet of people older than 2. 2. Increase the amount of whole grains in the diet of people older than 2. 3.Reduce the consumption of solid fats and added sugars.

Six Key Nutrition Concepts:

1. Most foods are mixtures of nutrients. 2. Variety, moderation, and balance can help ensure a diet's nutritional adequacy 3. Food is the best source of nutrients. 4.Foods and the nutrients they contain are not cure-alls. 5. Malnutrition includes overnutrition as well as undernutrition. 6. Nutrition is a dynamic science

List the six major classes of nutrients, and identify at least one physiological role for each class

1.Carbohydrates: Major source of energy 2. Lipids: Major source of energy 3. Proteins: Creates and maintains cellular structures 4. Vitamins: Regulates and strengthens the immune system 5. Minerals: Regulates body processes like fluid balance 6. Water: Maintains the fluid balance

What is the difference between a calorie and a kilocalorie?

A calorie is used to measure 1 gram of water while a kilocalorie is used to measure 1000 grams.

Identify two biological or physiological factors that affect food choice.

Age, Pregnancy

Know how many calories the different nutrients supply

Carb= 4kcal Protein= 4kcal Fat= 9 kcal Alcohol= 7 kcal

List at least seven foods that are rich sources of phytochemicals

Egg yolks, apples, tea, coffee, oranges, lemons, grapefruit, peppers

Give an example of a cognitive or psychological factor that could affect food choices

Orthodox Jews will not eat pork

Describe how food marketing influences food choices

The layout of supermarkets is designed to encourage customers to purchase the more expensive foods.

Discuss the importance of variety, balance, and moderation.

Variety: No food is "perfect", so eating many different kinds of food ensures a nutritional diet. Moderation: Avoiding excess amounts of nutrients helps ensure no toxic effects. Balance: A good caloric intake mixed with physical activity ensures good health.