Chapter 1 Quick Quiz

1. The question "What is happening?" refers to which of the following goals in psychology? a) description c) prediction b) explanation d) control

A

8. A negative correlation means that ________. a) high values of one variable are associated with low values of the other b) high values of one variable are associated with high values of the other c) low values of one variable are associated with low values of the other d) there is no relationship between the two variables

A

2. Who was an early proponent of functionalism? a) Ivan Pavlov c) Wilhelm Wundt b) William James d) Max Wertheimer

B

3. Freud said phobias were ________whereas Watson said phobias were ________. a) learned; inherited c) sexual; unconscious b) repressed conflicts; learned d) conditioned; unconditioned

B

4. Which perspective focuses on free will and self-actualization? a) psychoanalysis c) cognitive perspective b) humanism d) behaviorism

B

6. When you watch dogs play in the park or watch how your professors conduct their classes, you are engaging in a form of ________. a) case study research c) survey research b) naturalistic observation d) psychometric study

B

7. A detailed description of a particular individual being studied or treated is called a ________. a) representative sample c) single-blind study b) case study d) naturalistic observation

B

7. Adaris has always been drawn to the saying "Absence makes the heart grow fonder," and she decides to incorporate this saying into her research project. Adaris is trying to define absence in a way that can be empirically tested. She is attempting to find an appropriate ________. a) hypothesis b) operational definition c) double-blind study d) theory

B

10. Experimenters can justify the use of deception because ________. a) there is informed consent c) it may be necessary for the experiment to work b) research is more important than people d) it is not that harmful

C

2. Who claimed that behavior is affected by reinforcement? a) William James c) B. F. Skinner b) Sigmund Freud d) Wilhelm Wundt

C

4. "Children who watch violent cartoons will become more aggressive." According to the scientific method, this statement is most likely a ________. a) conclusion c) hypothesis b) result d) fact

C

5. The class is playing a game of Jeopardy! and it is your turn. "I'll take Specialties in Psychology for $300." The revealed answer is, "These psychological professionals work with situations in which environmental conditions may have an impact on mental health." What will you say? a) "What is a neuropsychologist?" b) "What is a forensic psychologist?" c) "What is a psychiatric social worker?" d) "What is a developmental psychologist?"

C

9. Which of the following statements concerning critical thinking is incorrect? a) There are few truths that need not be tested. b) All evidence is not equal in quality. c) Some authorities should not be questioned. d) Critical thinking requires an open mind.

C

9. ________is an experiment in which participants do not know if they are in the experimental or the control group, but the experimenters do know which participants are part of which group. a) The double-blind study c) The single-blind study b) Field research d) Correlational research

C

1. The goals of psychology are to _______. a) explore the conscious and unconscious functions of the human mind b) understand, compare, and analyze human behavior c) improve psychological well-being in all individuals from birth until death d) describe, explain, predict, and control behavior

D

10. "There is no life outside this solar system and nothing you can say will change that fact!" Which criterion of critical thinking does this person lack? a) Evidence is only necessary if it can be tested. b) All evidence is not equal in quality. c) Authority or expertise does not make the claims of the authority or expert true. d) Critical thinking requires an open mind.

D

3. Dr. Jones probably agrees with the _______theory of psychology, since he contends that humans are intelligent species due to the fact that intelligence gives us an advantage in the natural world. a) psychoanalytic c) cognitive b) behavioral d) evolutionary

D

5. Which research method involves watching behaviors as they occur without intervening or altering the behaviors in any way? a) case study c) correlational studies b) experiment d) naturalistic observation

D

6. A(n) ________is a measure of how strongly two variables are related to one another. a) independent variable c) experimental effect b) dependent variable d) correlation

D

8. A good control group ________. a) contains at least one confound c) has a limited number of research participants b) has a limited number of dependent variables d) holds constant all variables in the experiment

D