Chapter 1 Review Questions

In which decade was the first generation of commercial computers developed?

1950's

Charles Babbage invented which of the following early computing devices?

Analytical Engine

Match each of the following: Blaise Pascal Joseph Jacquard Charles Babbage Ada Augusta Dr. Herman Hollerith Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz

Blaise Pascal - Built and sold gear-driven mechanical machines, which performed whole-number addition and subtraction Joseph Jacquard - Designed a loom that used a series of cards with holes punched in them to specify the use of the specific colored thread Charles Babbage - Designed the Analytical Engine Ada Augusta - Credited with being the first programmer Dr. Herman Hollerith - Credited device that revolutionized the census Gottfried Willhelm von Leibniz - Built the first mechanical device designed to do all four whole-number operations

Match each of the following: First Hardware Generation Second Hardware Generation Third Hardware Generation Fourth Hardware Generation Ethernet ARPANET

First Hardware Generation - vacuum tubes Second Hardware Generation - transistors Third Hardware Generation - integrated circuits Fourth Hardware Generation - large scale integration Ethernet - used a cheap coaxial cable to connect computers ARPANET - the predecessor to the internet

Match the following items: First Software Generation Second Software Generation Third Software Generation Fourth Software Generation Fifth Software Generation Cloud Computing

First Software Generation - Programs in Assembly Language Second Software Generation - FORTRAN and COBOL language Third Software Generation - Fourth Software Generation - Structured Programming, BASIC Language Fifth Software Generation - The World Wide Web Cloud Computing - The use of computer resources on the Internet

According to this "law", a human being can actively manage about seven pieces of information in short-term memory at one time.

Miller's Law

According to this "law", the number of circuits that could be placed on a single integrated circuit doubles each year.

Moore's Law

Whose life is the 2014 movie "The Imitation Game" based on?

Turing

First Generation Software is characterized by __________.

assembly language

Parallel Computing refers to the use of interconnected ___________

central processing units (CPUs)

Which of the following terms best describes circuit boards, keyboards, and disk drives?

computer hardware

In 1973, what did Robert Metcalfe and David Boggs invent that uses a cheap coaxial cable to connect computers into a network?

ethernet

In the late 1980's, parallel processing began to evolve, which relied on a single primary processing unit.

false

The Abacus was developed as an instrument to record text values and allows a human to perform basic writing.

false

The Colossus computer was built during World War I and considered by many to be the first all-programmable electronic digital computer.

false

Unlike a magnetic disk, which cannot access a piece of data without accessing everything on the disk that comes before it, a tape is organized so that each piece of data has its own location identifier, called an address.

false

Dr. Herman Hollerith is also known as the person who created the company known today as Microsoft.

false (IBM)

Joseph Jacquard developed gear-driven mechanical machines.

false, Pascal

The third generation is characterized by Large Scale Integration (LSI).

false, the fourth generation

Information on a computer is managed using the binary digits, 1 and 2.

false; 1 and 0

Unlike a magnetic disk, which cannot access a piece of data without accessing everything on the disk that comes before it, a tape is organized so that each piece of data has its own location identifier, called an address.

false; A magnetic disk is organized so that each piece of data has its own location identifier, called an address. A tape must be searched sequentially (beginning to end) until the information is located.

Blaise Pascal designed what he called his analytical engine

false; Babbage did

Joseph Jacquard designed what he called his analytical engine

false; Babbage did

Blaise Pascal built and sold gear-driven mechanical machines, which performed whole-number addition and subtraction.

false; Pascal did

ARPANET is descended from the Internet, a government-sponsored network begun in the late 1960s.

false; opposite

An abstraction is a mental model, a way to think about something, that removes or hides simple details, and focuses on more complex details.

false; opposite

The terminal, an input/output device with a keyboard and screen, was introduced during the second generation.

false; third

In networking, Ethernet is the technology that uses wireless (wifi) to connect computers.

false; this is WIFI not Ethernet

Which hardware generation is characterized by Large Scale Integration?

fourth

Which of the following is a technique for isolating program pieces by eliminating the ability for one piece to access information in another?

information hiding

What is the name of a solid piece of silicon that contains transistors, other components, and their connections?

integrated circuits

The ARPANET project was a government sponsored program in the late 1960's and is the organization responsible for the creation of _________.

internet

Which of the following are tiny doughnut-shaped devices that could each store one bit of information in second-generation computer memory?

magnetic cores

Third Generation Software is characterized by _________.

operating systems

In which software generation were the FORTRAN and COBOL languages developed?

second

Fourth Generation Software is characterized by __________.

structured programming

A Compiler takes a program written in a high-level language and translates it into machine instructions to be executed.

true

Alan M. Turing invented an abstract mathematical model called a Turing machine.

true

Assembly language used mnemonic codes to represent each machine-language instruction.

true

By the late 1970s, the phrase personal computer (PC) had entered the vocabulary.

true

Charles Babbage designed what he called his analytical engine.

true

Collectively, input devices, output devices, and auxiliary storage devices became known as peripheral devices.

true

Computer hardware includes boxes, circuit boards, chips, wires, disk drives, keyboards, and monitors.

true

Computer software is the collection of programs that provide the instructions that a computer carries out.

true

During the fourth generation, Moore's law was modified to say that chip density was doubling every 18 months.

true

First Generation computers output devices were either a punched card or a laser printer.

true

First Generation computers used a card reader that read the holes punched in an IBM card.

true

In the first generation software, Translators were used to translate programs written in assembly language into machine code.

true

Joseph Jacquard developed a device that used a series of cards with holes punched in them to specify the use of specific colored thread, known as Jacquard's Loom.

true

Machine Language is a set of instructions that computers were designed to understand.

true

Marc Andreesen and Eric Bina release Mosaic, the first graphics-capable browser that later became Netscape Navigator.

true

Miller's Law a human being can actively manage about seven (plus or minus two, depending on the person) pieces of information in short-term memory at one time.

true

The design for the Analytical Engine included the use of punched cards similar to those used in Jacquard's loom.

true

The design for the Analytical Engine was the first to include a memory so that intermediate values did not have to be reentered.

true

The programming language Ada, used largely by the U.S. Department of Defense for many years, is named for Ada Augusta, Countess of Lovelace.

true

The third generation software was characterized by utility programs, the operating system, and the language translators (assemblers and compilers), which became known as systems software.

true

The top Browsers today are: Internet Explorer and Edge, Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox and Apple Safari.

true

Volatile memory means that the information will remain stored in memory until power is turned off.

true

Workstations or personal computers networked together became known as LANs (local area networks)

true

Workstations were connected by cables, or networked, so that they could interact with one another.

true

Which of the following is an application software package?

word processor