Chapter 1 Section 1 - What is AI?

Thinking Rationally

The "laws of thought" approach to defining AI

Total Turing Test

A Turing Test that includes a video signal so that the interrogator can test the subject's perceptual abilities. The computer would at least need to be capable of computer vision and robotics to pass.

syllogism

A pattern for argument structures that always yields correct conclusions when given correct premises

perfect rationality

Always doing the right thing

rational agent

An agent that acts so as to achieve the best outcome or, when there is uncertainty, the best expected outcome

the logicist tradition

Hopes to build on such programs to create intelligent systems. Two main obstacles: 1) it is not easy to take informal knowledge and state it in the formal terms, and 2) there is a big difference between solving a problem "in principle" and solving it in practice

Acting Humanly

The Turing Test approach to defining AI

Thinking Humanly

The cognitive modeling approach to defining AI

Cognitive Science

This field brings together computer models from AI and experimental techniques from psychology to construct precise and testable theories of the human mind

agent

"something that acts" - operate autonomously, perceive their environment, persist over a prolonged time period, adapt to change, and create and pursue goals

limited rationality

Acting appropriately when there is not enough time to do all the computations one might like

Turing Test

Designed by Alan Turing to provide a satisfactory operational definition of intelligence. A computer passes if a human interrogator, after posing some written questions, cannot tell whether the written responses come from a person or from a computer. The computer would at least need to be capable of natural language processing, knowledge representation, automated reasoning, and machine learning to pass.

Acting Rationally

The rational agent approach to defining AI. This has two advantages over the other approaches: 1) it is more general than the "laws of thought" approach because correct inference is just one of several possible mechanisms for achieving rationality, and 2) it is more amenable to scientific development than are approaches based on human behavior or human thought