Chapter 1: The Human Body, An Orientation

upper limb

-acromial -brachial antecubital

chemical

-atoms->molecules->hemoglobin -made up of carbon,oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen

lower limb

-coxal (hip) -femoral (thigh) -Patellar(knee)

What is the purpose of the serous fluid that is located between visceral and parietal serosa?

It allows organs to slide with little friction against each other and against the cavity walls.

What is the major difference in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) when compared to light microscopy (LM) or transmission electron microscopy (TEM)?

SEM uses whole, unsectioned surfaces that are covered in carbon and gold dust.

the urinary system is located in the ____________ body cavity

abdominopelvic

olecranal

back of elbow

antebrachial

back of forearm

occipital

back of head

popliteal

back of knee

pelvic

below belly button

perineal

between anus and external genitalia

hallux

big toe

the pelvic cavity contains the

bladder, rectum, and reproductive organs

the pelvic cavity contains

bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum

sacral

bone at base of spine

metatarsal

bones in between digitals and tarsal

plantar

bottom of heel

mammary

breasts

gluteal

butt cheeks

sural

calf

cellular

cells and surrounding tissue

Levels of structural complexity

chemical->cellular->tissue->organs->organismal

thoracic

chest area -axillary -sternal -mammary

mental

chin bone

The appendicular region __________.

consists of the arms, legs, feet, and hands

appendicular region

consists of upper and lower limbs including the points of attachment to body such as shoulder girdle ( clavicle, scapula) and pelvic girdle (ilium, ischium, and pubis)

If you wanted to see a section through both lungs at the same time, you could make a cut in the __________ or the __________ plane.

coronal; transverse

Bones lie __________ to muscles.

deep

Parietal peritoneum covers the __________.

deep surface of the wall of the abdominal cavity

which structure separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity?

diaphragm

the abdominal cavity contains

digestive viscera and kidneys

the olecranal (elbow) region is _______ to the acromial (shoulder top) region

distal

frontal (coronal) plane

divides body into anterior and posterior

back

dorsal

antecubital

elbow

The dorsal body cavity __________.

encloses the brain and spinal cord

orbital

eye bone

digital

fingers

pedal

foot

antebrachial

forearm

frontal

forehead

pubic

genital, penis or vagina

inguinal

groin

Manus

hand

cephalic

head

the mediastinum cavity contains the

heart, esophagus, and trachea

calcaneal

heel bone

coxal

hip

tranverse (horizontal) plane

horizontal line seperating body into superior and inferior

axial region

main axis of body with head, neck, and trunk. Trunk is made of thorax(chest), abdomen, and pelvis and perineum

The middle finger is __________ to the index finger.

medial

The sternal region is __________ to the axillary region.

medial: closer to midline of body

Cells, organelles, and tissues are usually measured in __________

micrometers

digital

most distal part of limb, toes

oral

mouth bone

cervical

neck

nasal

nose bone

When a hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain is used to prepare tissue for light microscopy, which tissue component is stained by the basic, dark stain hematoxylin?

nucleus

organs

organ systems -reproductive -respiratory -skeletal -urinary/excretory -intergumentary(sweat gland) -nervous -digestive -endocrine (thyroid, growth and metabolism) -muscular -cardiovascular

The levels of structural organization in order of decreasing complexity are __________.

organism, organ system, organ, tissue, cellular, chemical

acromial

outer end of scapula, top of shoulder

fibular or peroneal

outer side of the calf of the leg

The __________ cavity surrounds the viscera in the abdominopelvic cavity.

peritoneal

The area of the lower limb that refers to the posterior side of the knee is the __________ region.

popliteal

abdominal

relating to abdomen area

sternal

relating to sternum bone

umbilical

relating to the belly button

otic

relating to the ear

vertebral

relating to vertebrae

The gallbladder and a portion of the transverse colon lie in the __________ quadrant.

right upper

median (midsagittal) plane (parasagittal)

separates body into left and right

Which system of the body forms blood cells?

skeletal system

the vertebral cavity contains the

spinal cord

femoral

thigh

the ventral body cavity contains the

thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

pollex

thumb

Which system of the body eliminates nitrogenous wastes and regulates water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance of the blood?

urinary

organismal

whole organism

carpal

wrist

the pleural cavity contains the

lung

tissue

4 basic types -epithelium(skin) -connective tissue -muscle -nervous

Someone studying anatomy using the systemic approach could study __________.

all the digestive organs

tarsal

ankle

the _________ is located completely in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen

appendix

brachial

arm

axillary

armpit

patellar

knee

crural

leg

The right upper quadrant contains all or portions of which of the following organs?

liver, stomach, and transverse colon

lumbar

lower back

Which listed organ is included in both the reproductive system and the endocrine system?

ovaries

palmar

palm of hand

anatomical position

palms face anterior with thumbs pointed away from body

the membranes that line the cavity surrounding the lungs are

parietal and visceral pleura