Chapter 1 The Human Body: An Orientation Questions

Match the regional/directional terms and examples: I. The stomach is ________ to the spine. II. The upper arm is ________ to the forearm. III. The fingers are ________ to the wrist. IV. The heart is ________ to the stomach. V. The bridge of the nose is ________ to the left eye. a. Superior b. Distal c. Proximal d. Medial e. Anterior

The stomach is ________ to the spine. E. Anterior The upper arm is ________ to the forearm. C. Proximal The fingers are ________ to the wrist. B. Distal The heart is ________ to the stomach. A. Superior The bridge of the nose is ________ to the left eye. D. Medial

Which of the following statements is the most correct regarding homeostatic imbalance? A. It is considered the cause of most diseases. B. The internal environment is becoming more stable. C. Positive feedback mechanisms are overwhelmed. D. Negative feedback mechanisms are functioning normally.

A. It is considered the cause of most diseases

Select the most correct statement. A. The immune system is closely associated with the lymphatic system. B. Organ systems operate independently of each other to maintain life. C. The endocrine system is not a true structural organ system. D. Organ systems can be composed of cells or tissues, but not both

A. The immune system is closely associated with the lymphatic system

If you consider your home air conditioner in terms of homeostasis, then the wall thermostat would be the ________. A. control center B. receptor C. effector D. variable

A. control center

What is a vertical section through the body, dividing it into anterior and posterior regions called? A. frontal B. median C. sagittal D. transverse

A. frontal

In which cavities are the lungs located? A. pleural, ventral, and thoracic B. mediastinum, thoracic, and ventral C. pleural, dorsal, and abdominal D. pericardial, ventral, and thoracic

A. pleural, ventral, and thoracic

Place the following in correct sequence from simplest to most complex: 1. Molecules 2. Atoms 3. Tissues 4. Cells 5. Organ A. 1-2-3-4-5 B. 2-1-4-3-5 C. 2-1-3-4-5 D. 1-2-4-3-5

B. 2-1-4-3-5

Homeostasis is the condition in which the body maintains ________. A. the lowest possible energy usage B. a relatively stable internal environment, within limits C. a static state with no deviation from preset points D. a dynamic state within an unlimited range

B. a relatively stable internal environment, within limits

The anatomical position is used ________. A. rarely, because people don't usually assume this position B. as a standard reference point for directional terms regardless of the actual position of the body C. only when a body is lying down D. as the most comfortable way to stand when dissecting a specimen

B. as a standard reference point for directional terms regardless of the actual position of the body

The dorsal body cavity is the site of which of the following? A. intestines B. brain C. lungs D. liver

B. brain

An oblique cut is one that is cut ________. A. horizontal right and left B. diagonally between the vertical and horizontal C. vertical right and left D. perpendicular to vertical and horizontal

B. diagonally between the vertical and horizontal

Which body cavity protects the nervous system? A. cranial B. dorsal C. vertebral D. thoracic

B. dorsal

An increased rate of breathing as a result of an increased buildup of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream would be best described as an example of ________. A. maintaining boundaries B. excretion of metabolic waste C. responsiveness D. metabolism

B. excretion of metabolic waste

The study of the heart may incorporate many aspects of anatomy but as a whole you would say it is __________ anatomy. A. microscopic B. gross C. developmental D. systemic

B. gross

The parietal pleural would represent a serous membrane ________. A. covering individual lungs B. lining the thoracic cavity C. covering the heart D. lining the abdominal cavity

B. lining the thoracic cavity

One of the functional characteristics of life is irritability. This refers to ________. A. indigestible food residues stimulating the excretory system B. sensing changes in the environment and then reacting or responding to them C. the nervous system causing all living things to sometimes experience anger D. the necessity for all organisms to reproduce

B. sensing changes in the environment and then reacting or responding to them.

________ cavities are spaces within joints. A. nasal B. synovial C. orbital D. oral

B. synovial

Which of these is not part of the dorsal cavity? A. cranial cavity B. thoracic cavity C. spinal cord D. vertebral cavity

B. thoracic cavity

Histology would be best defined as a study of ________. A. cells B. tissues C. cell chemistry D. the gross structures of the body

B. tissues

What is the main, general purpose of negative feedback? A. to control all body system tissues B. to maintain homeostasis C. to keep the body's sugar high D. to regulate excretion

B. to maintain homeostasis

Choose the anatomical topic and definition that is not correctly matched. A. Gross anatomy: study of structures visible to the eye. B. Microscopic anatomy: study of structures too small to be seen by the naked eye. C. Cytology: study of the structures in a particular region. D. Embryology: study of the changes in an individual from conception to birth.

C. Cytology: study of structures in a particular region

Which of the following statements is true concerning feedback mechanisms? A. Positive feedback mechanisms always result in excessive damage to the host. B. Negative feedback mechanisms tend to increase the original stimulus. C. Negative feedback mechanisms work to prevent sudden severe changes within the body. D. Blood glucose levels are regulated by positive feedback mechanisms.

C. Negative feedback mechanisms work to prevent sudden severe changes within the body.

Choose the following statement that is not completely correct regarding serous membranes. A. Serosa are very thin, double-layered structures. B. Serous membranes are divided into parietal and visceral membranes with a potential space between the two. C. Visceral pericardium covers the surface of the heart, and parietal pericardium lines the walls of the heart. D. Serous membranes secrete a watery lubricating fluid.

C. Visceral pericardium covers the surface of the heart, and parietal pericardium lines the walls of the heart.

Which of the following describes a parasagittal plane? A. a transverse cut just above the knees B. two cuts dividing the body into left and right halves C. any sagittal plane except the median D. any cut dividing the body into anterior and posterior

C. any sagittal plane except the median

A good example of a positive feedback mechanism would be ________. A. body temperature regulation B. regulating glucose levels in the blood C. enhancement of labor contractions D. blood calcium level regulation

C. enhancement of labor contractions

In which abdominopelvic cavity is the stomach located? A. right upper B. right lower C. left upper D. left lower

C. left upper

A structure that is composed of two or more tissues would be a(n) ________. A. complex tissue B. organ system C. organ D. complex cell

C. organ

The anatomical position is characterized by all of the following except ________. A. body erect B. arms at sides C. palms turned posteriorly D. thumbs pointed laterally

C. palms turned posteriorly

The single most abundant chemical substance of the body, accounting for 60% to 80% of body weight, is ________. A. oxygen B. protein C. water D. hydrogen

C. water

The term pollex refers to the ________. A. great toe B. calf C. fingers D. thumb

D. thumb

Average body temperature is ________ degrees centigrade. A. 98 B. 68 C. 47 D. 37

D. 37

Which of the following imaging devices would best localize a tumor in a person's brain? A. X ray B. DSA C. PET D. MRI

D. MRI

Which of the following describes the operation of the heart and blood vessels? A. systemic anatomy B. cardiovascular anatomy C. systemic physiology D. cardiovascular physiology

D. cardiovascular physiology

What is the specific name for the hip region? A. manus B. inguinal C. pedal D. coxal

D. coxal

Which of the following would not be a functional characteristic of life? A. movement B. responsiveness to external stimuli C. maintenance of boundaries D. decay

D. decay

Which term means toward or at the back of the body, behind? A. anterior B. lateral C. distal D. dorsal

D. dorsal

Subdivisions of anatomy include which of the following? A. gross, macroscopic, visual, and microscopic B. gross, regional, dissection, and surface C. regional, surface, visual, and microscopic D. gross, regional, systemic, and surface

D. gross, regional, systemic, and surface

Which of the following organs or structures would be found in the left iliac region? A. appendix B. stomach C. liver D. intestines

D. intestines

Which one of the following systems responds to environmental stimuli? A. muscular B. lymphatic C. immune D. nervous

D. nervous

Which of the following are survival needs of the body? A. nutrients, water, movement, and reproduction B. nutrients, water, growth, and reproduction C. water, atmospheric pressure, growth, and movement D. nutrients, water, atmospheric pressure, and oxygen

D. nutrients, water, atmospheric pressure, and oxygen

The cavities housing the eyes are called __________ cavities. A. frontal B. cranial C. nasal D. orbital

D. orbital

The heart lies in the ________ cavity. A. superior mediastinal B. pleural C. dorsal D. pericardial

D. pericardial

What is the posterior side of the patella called? A. sural B. crural C. antecubital D. popliteal

D. popliteal

Match the following systems and organs: I. Arteries, veins, heart. II. Adrenal glands, pancreas, pituitary. III. Trachea, bronchi, alveoli. IV. Esophagus, large intestine, rectum. V. Kidneys, bladder, ureters. a. Respiratory b. Digestive c. Endocrine d. Cardiovascular e. Urinary

Question Correct Match Arteries, veins, heart. D. Cardiovascular Adrenal glands, pancreas, pituitary. C. Endocrine Trachea, bronchi, alveoli. A. Respiratory Esophagus, large intestine, rectum. B. Digestive Kidneys, bladder, ureters. E. Urinary

Match the following systems to their functions: I. Controls the body with chemical molecules called hormones. II. Produces antibodies that neutralize foreign substances. III. Delivers oxygen and nutrients to the tissues. IV. Removes and filters excess fluid from tissues. a. Cardiovascular b. Lymphatic c. Immune d. Endocrine

Question Correct Match Controls the body with chemical molecules called hormones. D. Endocrine Produces antibodies that neutralize foreign substances. C. Immune Delivers oxygen and nutrients to the tissues. A. Cardiovascular Removes and filters excess fluid from tissues. B. Lymphatic

Match the following regional terms and common terms: I. Knee (anterior aspect). II. Head. III. Buttock. IV. Chest. V. Arm. a. Thoracic b. Patellar c. Cephalic d. Brachial e. Gluteal

Question Correct Match Knee (anterior aspect). B. Patellar Head. C. Cephalic Buttock. E. Gluteal Chest. A. Thoracic Arm. D. Brachial

Match the following cavities and organs: I. Uterus. II. Stomach. III. Brain. IV. Lungs. V. Heart. a. Cranial b. Thoracic c. Abdominopelvic d. Thoracic e. Abdominopelvic

Question Correct Match Uterus. E. Abdominopelvic Stomach. C. Abdominopelvic Brain. A. Cranial Lungs. B. Thoracic Heart. D. Thoracic

What is a vertical section through the body, dividing it into left and right, called? A. frontal B. regional C. sagittal D. transverse

c. sagittal