Chapter 1

8) The study of cells and cellular structures is called A) gross anatomy. B) cytology. C) histology. D) organology. E) microbiology.

B

84) The diaphragm separates the ________ cavity from the ________ cavity. A) pleural; mediastinum B) thoracic; abdominopelvic C) pericardial; pleural D) abdominal; pelvic E) pericardial sac; pericardial

B

86) The peritoneal cavity contains the A) heart. B) small intestine. C) lungs. D) diaphragm. E) thymus.

B

12) Which division of anatomy focuses on the form and structure of the heart, blood, and blood vessels? A) regional anatomy B) surface anatomy C) cytology D) histology E) systemic anatomy

e

47) Which of the following anatomical landmarks corresponds to the groin? A) inguinal B) cephalon C) gluteus D) lumbus E) thoracis

A

58) In the terminology of planes and sections, which example includes two terms with identical meanings? A) frontal/coronal B) coronal/horizontal C) equatorial/coronal D) sagittal/midsagittal E) caudal/cranial

A

61) A diagnostic technique that employs a radiopaque dye injected into blood vessels is called a(n) A) digital subtractive angiography (DSA). B) radiograph. C) CT scan. D) MRI. E) ultrasound.

A

19) Which statement is true? A) An organ will likely be composed of different tissues. B) Organs are composed of organ systems. C) Many molecules come together to form atoms. D) All organs in an organ system have the same function. E) The smallest living unit in the body is an atom.

A

34) Lungs are to the respiratory system as the spleen is to the A) lymphatic system. B) urinary system. C) digestive system. D) cardiovascular system. E) muscular system.

A

43) Which of the following is an example of negative feedback? A) An increase in normal body temperature triggers heat loss through enhanced blood flow to the skin and increased sweating. B) An increase in ambient room temperature triggers the thermostat to turn on the heater. C) A severe cut triggers accelerated blood clotting until the bleeding stops. D) Increased blood sugar stimulates the release of a hormone from the pancreas that stimulates the liver to release blood sugar. E) An increase in body temperature triggers a neural response that initiates physiological changes to increase body temperature.

A

44) Regarding components of negative feedback in thermoregulation, what is the corresponding term for the skeletal muscles? A) effector B) control center C) receptor D) integrator E) stimulus

A

7) One difference between a gross anatomist and a histologist would be A) the use of a microscope. B) the need to use sophisticated diagnostic imaging methods. C) one studies physiology and the other studies anatomy. D) which organ systems one studies. E) which diseases are seen.

A

85) The main function of a serous membrane is to A) reduce friction. B) protect organs. C) allow blood to pass. D) hold organs together. E) fill empty spaces.

A

1) Characteristics of living organisms include the ability to A) repair and completely restore itself during any type of injury. B) respond and adapt to their environment. C) control the external environment. D) form positive feedback loops. E) create a protective covering over themselves.

B

17) Which of the following is the simplest level of organization? A) cellular B) chemical C) organ D) system E) tissue

B

30) All of these organ systems have exchange of materials as a main function. A) urinary and digestive B) respiratory and cardiovascular C) cardiovascular and endocrine D) digestive and respiratory E) lymphatic and bone

B

35) Your blood glucose level has dropped perilously low because you have been starving yourself for a couple of days to lose weight. Your liver, directed by the hormone insulin, converts its last stored glycogen into glucose to get it out into your bloodstream. In this scenario, the liver is the A) receptor. B) effector. C) control center. D) feedback. E) balance.

B

45) A person who is lying on his or her stomach is said to be in the A) supine position. B) prone position. C) transverse position. D) frontal position. E) sagittal position.

B

49) A person lying face up in the anatomical position is said to be in the ________ position. A) coronal B) supine C) prone D) sagittal E) lateral

B

5) Diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease would be covered in the specialty area of physiology called A) hyperbaric physiology. B) pathophysiology. C) gross anatomy. D) regional anatomy. E) systemic anatomy.

B

51) ________ are terms used when comparing body areas on appendages. A) Lateral and medial B) Proximal and distal C) Superior and inferior D) Supine and prone E) Superficial and deep

B

56) The wrist is ________ to the elbow. A) proximal B) distal C) lateral D) medial E) deep

B

13) Which statement about anatomy and physiology is true? A) Physiology is the study of structure. B) Anatomy is the study of structure and function. C) Both anatomy and physiology are needed to understand organ systems and organisms. D) There is only one area of anatomy, whereas there are many subdivisions of physiology. E) Special physiology focuses on a particular organ system.

C

2) The waste products of metabolism are eliminated through the process of A) assimilation. B) absorption. C) excretion. D) digestion. E) resorption.

C

20) Which of the following is an accurate description of the cellular level of organization? A) Cells consist of two or more different tissues working together to perform specific functions. B) Cells are considered to be the largest living units in the body. C) Cells are comprised of different molecules that interact to form larger structures, each type of which has a specific function. D) Cells combine to form molecules with complex shapes, which determine their function(s). E) Cardiac muscle is an example of the cellular level of organization.

C

38) As a result of playing tennis in the summer heat without proper hydration, you have become very dehydrated. You are now in hypernatremia, a condition where your blood sodium levels are too high. Your brain tells you to drink water and, as a result, your blood sodium and hydration levels go back to normal. This illustrates A) positive feedback. B) stimulus reinforcement. C) negative feedback. D) diagnostic regulation. E) both positive and negative feedback loops

C

39) The prevention of change, by ignoring minor variations and maintaining a normal range rather than a fixed value, is characteristic of A) positive feedback. B) stimulus reinforcement. C) negative feedback. D) effector control. E) both positive and negative feedback loops.

C

50) The forearm is called the A) acromial. B) olecranon. C) antebrachium. D) lumbus. E) brachium.

C

82) The membrane covering the surface of the lung is referred to as the A) visceral pericardium. B) parietal peritoneum. C) visceral pleura. D) serous membrane. E) mediastinum.

C

88) The mediastinum separates ________ from the ________. A) the pleural cavity; coelom B) the thoracic cavity; peritoneal cavity C) one pleural cavity; other pleural cavity D) the abdominal cavity; pelvic cavity E) the pericardial sac; pericardial cavity

C

14) A cardiologist studies the human body mainly with an approach resembling A) gross anatomy. B) surface anatomy. C) microscopic anatomy. D) systemic anatomy. E) regional anatomy.

D

4) Think about the definitions of anatomy and of physiology. The relationship between these two fields is best described by the following statement: A) Anatomy is the study of function. B) All structures are derived from an ancestral structure. C) Physiology becomes more complex over time. D) Structure follows function. E) Organs that have similar function also have similar structure

D

40) The increasingly forceful labor contractions that lead to childbirth are an example of which type of mechanism? A) receptor activation B) effector shutdown C) negative feedback D) positive feedback E) thermoregulation

D

48) The sternum is ________ to the heart. A) lateral B) proximal C) dorsal D) ventral E) medial

D

53) Describe the regional term "antecubitis." A) back of knee B) midline of back C) eye D) front of elbow E) forearm

D

57) Open-heart bypass surgery, to replace obstructed vessels that feed the heart with oxygenated blood, requires a long incision cut down the breastbone. The ribs are then spread to work on the heart. This incision is along the ________ plane. A) frontal B) coronal C) transverse D) sagittal E) oblique

D

6) Studying all the superficial and internal features in one specific area of the body is called A) gross anatomy. B) surface anatomy. C) systemic anatomy. D) regional anatomy. E) surgical anatomy.

D

60) A cut passing parallel to the long axis of the body that divides it into unequalleft and right halves is known as which type of sectional plane? A) frontal B) coronal C) transverse D) sagittal E) horizontal

D

69) The kneecap is patellar, whereas the back of the knee is A) crural. B) pedal. C) manual. D) popliteal. E) pubic.

D

70) What is the anatomical term for the calf? A) crural B) plantar C) calcaneal D) sural

D

80) How is the MRI imaging technique different from a CT imaging technique? A) One is used for transverse images whereas the other can be used for any orientation of the image. B) One procedure is cheap and the other is very expensive. C) One requires the injection of radioactive dyes and the other does not. D) One uses X-ray technology and the other does not. E) One is used on superficial problems and the other is used to see inside of the body.

D

81) The membrane covering the surface of the stomach is named the A) parietal pleura. B) visceral pleura. C) pericardial sac. D) visceral peritoneum. E) serous membrane.

D

83) The heart, lungs, and small intestine are in body cavities located on the ________ side of the body. A) dorsal B) proximal C) sagittal D) ventral E) superficial

D

11) The branch of biological science that deals with how the kidney functions is called A) endocrine physiology. B) histology. C) adrenal anatomy. D) cytology. E) renal physiology.

E

29) The thymus is associated with which organ system? A) nervous B) respiratory C) digestive D) urinary E) endocrine

E

3) Humans have specialized organ systems compared to smaller organisms because A) we have to interact with our environment and smaller organisms do not. B) smaller organisms do not need as many nutrients. C) our cells are larger. D) small organisms do not do the same processes than humans do. E) there is multicellularity and increased size in larger organisms.

E

37) Which component of a homeostatic regulation is characterized as having an activity that opposes or enhances the stimulus? A) balance B) control center C) integration center D) positive feedback loop E) effector

E

41) An initial stimulus produces a response that reinforces the stimulus in A) positive feedback. B) homeostasis. C) negative feedback. D) regulation. E) integration.

E

42) Which of the following describes a mechanism that brings the internal environment back to normal? A) integration B) regulation C) positive feedback D) negative feedback E) homeostasis

E

52) The term ________ refers to the wrist. A) pes B) tarsus C) manus D) palmar E) carpus

E

55) Which statement is trueregarding the abdominopelvic regions? A) The bulk of the liver is found within the left hypochondriac region. B) Directly inferior to the umbilical region is the inguinal region. C) The small intestine is located in the bottom three regions only. D) The hypogastric region is where the stomach is located. E) The hypochondriac regions are superior to the lumbar regions.

E

75) The spleen is normally found in which abdominopelvic region? A) hypogastric B) left inguinal region C) right hypochondriac D) right lumbar region E) left hypochondriac

E

87) The inner surface of the abdominal body wall is lined by which serous membrane? A) visceral pleura B) visceral pericardium C) visceral peritoneum D) parietal pleura E) parietal peritoneum

E

9) Biopsy samples from organs are sent to your lab for staining and then viewing in a microscope. Your area of expertise would be A) regional physiology. B) gross anatomy. C) regional anatomy. D) systemic anatomy. E) histology.

E

21) The fact that a single defective protein causes cystic fibrosis, a multisystemicillness, proves that A) all organisms are composed of cells. B) all levels of organization within an organism are interdependent. C) chemical molecules make up cells. D) all cells are independent of each other. E) congenital defects can be life threatening.

b

23) How are the endocrine organ system and nervous organ system alike? A) They both send nerve impulses. B) Each of the systems regulates different activities. C) Together, they both regulate most of the activities of the body. D) They both have many disorders associated with them. E) One system is more involved with young life, whereas the other becomes more important later in life.

c