chapter 10

In the context of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following is an example of growth needs?

A need for self-actualization

Who among the following is high in the need for achievement?

Alex, who plans to tweak his efforts to get better grades than the ones he got in the previous semester

Regarding motivation and emotions, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Basic motives, such as hunger and thirst, are solely under the control of the body.

Which of the following denotes changes in the sexual drives of animals that create a desire for mating and is particularly used to refer to females in heat?

Estrus

According to Carroll Izard's theory, which of the following is one of the most basic emotions?

Fear

Which of the following is a hormone that activates your lateral hypothalamus to stimulate hunger and also activates parts of your brain to activate learning?

Ghrelin

Julie is offered her favorite dessert, chocolate cheesecake, and eats two pieces even though she wasn't that hungry. The cheesecake is an example of a what?

Incentive

Which of the following is triggered when fluid is drawn out of cells due to an increased concentration of salts and minerals outside the cells?

Intracellular thirst

Which of the following activates basic needs?

Lack of security

In the context of the brain and short-term hunger, which of the following parts of the hypothalamus acts as a feeding "start button"?

Lateral hypothalamus

Which of the following is a core function of the hypothalamus?

Regulating emotional behaviors and basic biological needs

Which of the following theories states that emotions occur when physical arousal is labeled or interpreted on the basis of experience and situational cues?

Schachter's cognitive theory

In the context of types of motives, which of the following is a biological motive?

Sleep

Which of the following is an example of a circadian rhythm?

Sleep

Which of the following theories states that strong emotions tend to be followed by the opposite emotional state?

The opponent-process theory

Which of the following is a characteristic of moods?

They are low-intensity emotional states.

The chain of events that make up the model of motivation ends when which of the following is reached?

a goal

An internal lack or deficiency is referred to as

a need

What is characterized by the inability to identify and describe one's emotions?

a. Alexithymia

Maria has trouble with her body image and always sees herself as fat even though she is severely underweight. She severely restricts her eating in order to maintain a low body weight. What does this likely reflect?

a. Anorexia nervosa

According to Izard's theory, interest, happiness, sadness, anger, disgust, and fear are technique considered to be what?

a. Basic emotions

What does the chameleon effect describe?

a. Behavioral mimicry

Bob and Dan are good friends who interact regularly. During a recent conversation between them, it appeared that both showed similar postures, mannerisms, and facial expressions. What is this an example of?

a. Chameleon effect

Which one of the following is a symptom of bulimia nervosa?

a. Excessive exercise or purging behaviors to prevent weight gain

Erin has to give a presentation at work. She experiences subjective feelings of fear, trembling hands, a pounding heart, and worries that she will perform poorly. What is likely happening in her body at this time?

a. Her sympathetic nervous system is more active.

What are the two branches of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?

a. Sympathetic and parasympathetic

A neurologist is trying to determine what parts of a patient's brain are damaged. Which of the following would be evidence that the amygdala is damaged?

a. The patient doesn't show any fear even in situations that would be very frightening to most people.

In Maslow's hierarchy, needs associated with impulses for self-actualization are called __________.

a. meta needs

The Yerkes-Dodson law states that ________.

a. when a task is more complex, your best performance will occur at lower levels of arousal

People who have a learned difficulty in expressing emotions are said to be suffering from _____.

alexithymia

Widget Corp., a leading business consultancy, has recently adopted a new incentive policy, wherein the employees are given monetary rewards. The top one percent of the employees with the highest target completion rate are given monthly monetary bonuses. In this scenario, it can be said that the employees of Widget Corp. _____.

are less likely to solve tricky problems that inhibit the growth of the firm

Which of the following is the best example of Schachter's cognitive theory of emotion?

b. Bob feels his heart racing but isn't sure why.

Which theory states that emotional feelings and physical arousal occur at the same time?

b. Cannon-Bard theory

Howard recently damaged his amygdala in a car accident. In this scenario, Howard is most likely to _____.

be blind to emotion

Needs that must be met for one's survival are referred to as __________ motives.

biological

Annabel has had eating issues for the past several years where she goes from periods where she eats a huge amount of snack foods such as cookies or chips and afterward she will exercise for hours to compensate for her eating. Despite her eating issues, her body weight is within the average range. What does this behavior likely reflect?

c. Bulimia nervosa

The relationship between arousal and performance forms a(n) _________.

c. inverted U function

The proportion of body fat that tends to be maintained by changes in hunger and eating is called the _______.

c. set point

What is the correct term used for a 24-hour biological cycle found in humans and many other species?

d. Circadian rhythm

General life satisfaction combined with frequent positive emotions and relatively few negative emotions is known as ____________.

d. subjective well-being

The "target," or objective, of one's motivated behavior is known as a(n)

goal

Desirable goals may motivate behavior in the absence of internal need. This property is known as a goal's

incentive value.

Motivation is defined as

internal processes that arouse, maintain, and direct activities.

To ace simple tasks, the optimal level of arousal to attain peak performance should be _____.

moderate

Motivation and emotion are both derived from the Latin word movere, which means to

move

A circadian rhythm refers to a cycle

of bodily functions and arousal that vary on a schedule approximating a 24-hour day.

Anorexia nervosa is characterized by _____.

the maintenance of unusually low body weight

Which of the following is a biological motive?

thirst