chapter 10

58. Federalist strongly supported a. law and order. b. states' rights. c. strict construction. d. popular democracy. e. a weak military.

law and order.

28. The political party of the "outs" (out of power) that provided the "loyal opposition" to the party in power in the 1790s was the a. the Anti-Federalists. b. the Federalists. c. the Democratic-Republicans. d. the Whigs. e. the Tories.

Democratic-Republicans.

30. When the French Revolution developed into a war with Britain a. supported Britain. b. assisted France militarily. c. tried to capture French possessions in North America and the West Indies. d. remained neutral. e. captured British possessions in North America.

George Washington and the American government remained neutral.

32. Know the following in order:

Neutrality Proclamation, Jay's Treaty, XYZ affair, Kentucky and Virginia resolutions.

10. The _____ Amendment might rightly be called the "states' rights" amendment. a. First b. Sixth c. Ninth d. Tenth e. Eighth

Tenth Amendment

9. All of the following are guarantees provided by the Bill of Rights: a. the right to vote for all citizens. b. freedom of speech. c. freedom of religion. d. freedom of the press. e. right to a trial by a jury.

a

3. The new Constitution did not provide for the creation of a. Electoral College. b. vice president. c. Supreme Court. d. cabinet. e. federal court system.

a cabinet

17. The aspect of Hamilton's financial program that received the least support in Congress was a. funding at par. b. assumption. c. the National Bank. d. a protective tariff. e. excise taxes.

a protective tariff.

60.Hamiltonian Federalists advocated a. government interference in private enterprise. b. a strong central government. c. a full-blown democracy. d. strong ties with France. e. a low national debt.

a strong central government.

25. Know the following relationships:

a. Hamilton: privileges for the upper class, pro-British, potent central government, government support for business b. Jefferson-sympathy for the common people, pay off the national debt, Pro-French, universal education

2. Regarding central authority, early Americans saw it as all of the following except a. something to be ultimately eliminated. b. something to be distrusted. c. something to be watched. d. something to be curbed. e. a necessary evil.

a. something to be ultimately eliminated.

52. The Federalist-dominated congress's Alien Act was a. rebellious slaves, newspapers b. recent immigrants, newspapers c. recent immigrants, merchants d. merchant smuggling, rebellious slaves e. Indians, farmers

aimed at recent immigrants, whereas the Sedition act was primarily aimed at newspapers.

43. Washington's Farewell Address in 1796 a. warmly endorsed the appearance of two contending political parties in America. b. warned against the dangers of permanent foreign alliances. c. was delivered to a joint session of Congress by Washington himself. d. proposed a two-term limitation on the presidency. e. all of the above.

b

61. Thomas Jefferson appealed to all of the following groups: a. small shopkeepers. b. the underprivileged. c. the middle class. d. the upper class. e. artisans.

d

29. The Franco-American alliance of 1778 a. was ended by mutual agreement in 1789. b. bound the United States to neutrality in the event of war between France and Britain. c. bound the United States to help the French defend their West Indies. d. was invoked by the French to obtain American aid in France's war with Britain after 1793. e. led the United States to war with Great Britain in 1812.

bound the United States to help the French defend their West Indies.

15. Alexander Hamilton's financial plan for strengthening the economy and bolstering national credit proposed all of the following: a. funding the national debt. b. assuming state debts. c. abolishing tariffs. d. establishing a national bank. e. a low protective wall around infant industries.

c. abolishing tariffs.

64. Jeffersonians believed in all of the following except a. opposition to a national debt. b. agriculture as the ideal occupation. c. every adult white male's right to vote. d. freedom of speech. e. central authority should be kept to a minimum.

c. every adult white male's right to vote.

18. Hamilton expected that the revenue to pay the interest on the national debt would a. sales taxes and licensing fees. b. customs duties and excise tax. c. income and property taxes. d. western land sales and foreign loans. e. foreign aid.

come from customs duties and excise tax.

65. Thomas Jefferson argued that a landless class of voters could be avoided in part by a. a redistribution of land. b. a reduced property tax. c. abolishing the property qualification to vote. d. continuing slavery. e. restricting the amount of property owned by each citizen.

continuing slavery.

40. John Jay's 1794 treaty with Britain a. increased George Washington's huge popularity. b. provided further evidence of American support for France. c. alienated America from Spain. d. created deeper splits between Federalists and Democratic-Republicans. e. led to the election of Thomas Jefferson.

created deeper splits between Federalist and Democratic-Republicans.

24. The Founding Fathers had not envisioned the existence of permanent political parties a. opposed anyone who disagreed with them. b. were not part of the early colonial governments. c. had existed in Britain. d. saw opposition to the government as disloyal. e. all of the above.

d saw opposition to the government as disloyal.

20. Know the following relationships: a. implied powers-"necessary and proper" clause b. strict construction-Tenth Amendment c. loose construction-"elastic" clause d. states' rights-loose construction e. "necessary and proper" clause-vested powers

d. states' rights-loose construction

47. Foreign relations between the United States and France a. the deportation of Citizen Genet. b. French seizure of American merchant ships. c. the adjustment of the Florida boundary. d. America's unilateral withdrawal from the Franco-American alliance. e. Pinckney's Treaty.

deteriorated in the late 1790s over French seizure of American merchant ships.

8. One of the first jobs facing the new government formed under the Constitution was to a. establish a powerful army. b. reestablish diplomatic ties with Britain. c. draw up and pass a bill of rights. d. establish economic ties with France. e. all of the above.

draw up and pass a bill of rights.

14. All of the following were part of Alexander Hamilton's economic program: . a. the creation of a national bank. b. finding the entire national debt at "par." c. vigorous foreign trade. d. protective tariffs. e. paying only domestic debts but not foreign debts.

e

35. The Treaty of Greenville signed in August with the Miami Confederation resulted in all of the following except a. giving to the United States vast tracts of land in the Old Northwest. b. the Indians receiving a $20,000 lump sum payment. c. an annual annuity of $9,000 to the Indians. d. the right of the Indians to hunt the land they had ceded. e. the establishment of an equal relationship with the Indians.

e

42. Jay's Treaty contained all of the following provisions: a. a British promise to evacuate its chain of forts on U.S. soil. b. British consent to pay damages for the recent seizure of American ships. c. that Americans were bound to pay debts still owed to British merchants on pre-Revolutionary accounts. d. no promise by the British to pay for future seizure of American ships. e. a promise by the British to stop selling arms to the Indians.

e. a promise by the British to stop selling arms to the Indians.

26. Opposition by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison to the financial plan of Alexander Hamilton a. the formation of permanent political parties. b. Hamilton's dismissal from the cabinet by George Washington. c. politics drifting too far out of kilter with the wishes of the people. d. the rejection of Hamilton's plan by Washington. e. their dismissal from the cabinet of George Washington.

formation of permanent political parties.

12. Hamilton believed that, together, his funding and assumption programs would a. gain the monetary and political support of the rich for the federal government. b. restore the principles of state sovereignty. c. be the quickest way to pay off the national debt. d. guarantee the fairest treatment of the original holders of government bonds. e. keep taxes low and therefore create a feeling of loyalty to the new federal government.

gain the monetary and political support of the rich for the federal government.

55. According to the compact theory advocated by Jefferson and Madison a. the national government was the creation of the thirteen sovereign states. b. nullification was an invalid policy. c. the Virginia and Kentucky resolutions were illegal. d. legislation such as the Alien and Sedition Acts was proper. e. individuals, not the states, created the federal government.

he national government was the creation of the thirteen sovereign states.

49. The United States finally negotiated a peace settlement with France. a. had also reached a peace agreement with Britain. b. wanted to concentrate on gaining more power in Europe. c. realized that the French could not win a military victory over the American forces. d. had been convinced by the Democratic-Republican pleas for cooperation. e. had been removed from power.

in 1800 mainly because Napoleon wanted to concentrate on gaining more power in Europe.

63. Thomas Jefferson favored a political system a. the central government possessed the bulk of the power. b. cities were the primary focus of political activity. c. a large standing army ensured peace. d. the states retained the majority of political power. e. manufacturing interests dominated.

in which the states retained the majority of political power.

62. To the Jeffersonian republicans, the "ideal" citizen of a republic was an independent farmer. a. seaboard merchant. b. town artisan. c. indentured servant. d. independent farmer. e. industrialist.

independent farmer.

6. One of the major criticisms of the Constitution as drafted in Philadelphia was that a. was too long and detailed. b. was far too short and required more detail. c. failed to guarantee property rights. d. failed to provide a mechanism for amendment. e. did not provide guarantees for individual rights.

it did not provide guarantees for individual rights.

46. The French grew angry with the United States after 1794 because a. of Jay's Treaty. b. Congress appointed second-rate ambassadors. c. of the XYZ affair. d. John Adams had been elected president. e. Thomas Jefferson was removed as ambassador.

of Jay's Treaty.

19. Alexander Hamilton's proposed bank of the United States was a. rejected by the House of Representatives. b. supported by Thomas Jefferson. c. enthusiastically supported by George Washington. d. based on the "necessary and proper," or "elastic," clause in the Constitution. e. never fully enacted.

on the "necessary and proper," or "elastic," clause in the Constitution.

16. Alexander Hamilton believed that a limited national debt was beneficial because a. would do great harm to the nation's economy. b. might lead to military weakness. c. could persuade individuals and nations not to lend money to the United States. d. was beneficial, because people to whom the government owed money would work hard to make the nation a success. e. could help his economic plans but not his political plans.

people to whom the government owed money would work hard to make the nation a success.

50. President Adams sought a peaceful solution to the undeclared war with France in order to a. ensure his chances of reelection in 1800. b. align himself with the Hamiltonian wing of the Federalist party. c. save the Franco-American alliance of 1778. d. prevent the outbreak of a fill-scale war. e. keep trade with France in place.

prevent the outbreak of a full-scale war.

7. The Bill of Rights was intended to _____ against the potential tyranny of ________ a. the prerogatives of Congress, the president b. the army and the navy, the national government c. the South, the northern majority d. individual liberties, a strong central government e. civilian authorities, the military

protect individual liberties, a strong central government.

59. For its continued success, Hamilton's financial program a. trade with Britain. b. removal of the Spanish from the Mississippi Valley. c. aid from France. d. retiring the national debt. e. high taxes.

relied heavily on trade with Britain.

5. Know each of the following: a. Thomas Jefferson- b. Alexander Hamilton- c. Henry Knox-

secretary of state secretary of treasury secretary of war

36. Britain made neutrality very difficult for the United States during the French and British conflicts of the 1790s by a. granting America numerous trade privileges. b. seizing American merchant ships in the West Indies. c. leaving frontier outposts on American soil. d. helping to relieve tensions between Indians and Americans. e. blocking the major United States' seaports.

seizing American merchant ships in the West Indies.

34. Washington's Neutrality Proclamation clearly illustrated the truism that a. he was unprepared for the demands of foreign policy. b. foreign policy should be handled by a group and not by a single individual. c. the United States was trying to do what was best for its allies. d. self-interest is the basic cement of alliances. e. none of the above.

self-interest is the basic cement of alliances.

21. Hamilton's major programs seriously infringed on a. checks and balances. b. national security. c. states' rights. d. free enterprise. e. federal authority.

states' rights.

57. Federalist advocate rule by a. the majority. b. the "best" people. c. farmers. d. industrial workers. e. native born citizens only.

the "best" people.

38. In Jay's Treaty, a. pledged to stop seizing American ships. b. released Americans from their pre-Revolutionary War debt obligations to British merchants. c. promised to evacuate the chain of forts in the Old Northwest. d. refused to pay damages for seizures of American ships. e. were denied most favored nation status.

the British promised to evacuate the chain of forts in the Old Northwest.

27. The event of the 1790s that has left the deepest scar on American political and social life is a. the Whiskey Rebellion. b. the French Revolution. c. Hamilton's economic plan for the country. d. the trouble with Native Americans. e. the development of the political party system.

the French Revolution.

39. The United States acquired free navigation of the Mississippi River in a. the Treaty of Greenville. b. Jay's Treaty. c. the Convention of 1800. d. the Pinckney Treaty. e. the Treaty of Paris.

the Pinckney Treaty.

56. According to the Federalists the duty of judging the unconstitutionality of legislation passed by Congress lay with a. state legislatures. b. the president. c. state supreme courts. d. the Supreme Court. e. the people.

the Supreme Court.

48. The immediate cause of the undeclared war between the United States and France was a. the XYZ affair. b. the Genet mission. c. the Neutrality Proclamation. d. Washington's Farewell Address. e. Jay's Treaty.

the XYZ affair.

45. The 1796 presidential campaign focused heavily on a. the Bank of the United States. b. the candidates' personalities. c. slavery. d. foreign trade. e. real issues.

the candidates' personalities.

1 When the new government was launched in 1789 a. the nation's population was doubling about every twenty-five years. b. most people lived in the fast-growing cities. c. most people lived west of the Allegheny Mountains. d. New York was the largest city in the nation. e. Great Britain refused to establish diplomatic relations with the United States.

the nation's population was doubling about every twenty-five years.

37. Hamilton's position on the war between Britain and France in 1793 was primarily influenced by a. his commitment to the Franco-American alliance of 1778. b. the threat of British naval action against the American coast. c. the national government's dependence on customs collections for revenue. d. his personal commitment to democratic government as a world ideal. e. all of the above.

the national government's dependence on customs collections for revenue.

33. During its first quarter-century as a national one of the major problems facing America was a. the rivalry and warfare between France and Britain. b. a lack of good political leadership. c. the continued fighting between the United States and the Armed Neutrality League. d. Indian affairs. e. separation of church and state.

the rivalry and warfare between France and Britain.

44. In the election campaign of 1796 the Democratic-Republicans made their primary issue a. the content of Washington's Farewell Address. b. Washington's refusal to consult Congress before issuing the Neutrality Proclamation. c. the terms of Jay's Treaty. d. the terms of the Pinckney Treaty. e. Alexander Hamilton's idea for a national bank.

the terms of Jay's Treaty.

11. Alexander Hamilton's financial program for the economic development of the United States favored a. agricultural interests. b. trade with France. c. the wealthier class. d. the poor. e. the middle class.

the wealthier class.

53. The Sedition act a. threatened First Amendment freedoms. b. established criteria for deporting dangerous foreigners. c. changed naturalization requirements for new citizens. d. was never enforced. e. was found by the Supreme Court to be unconstitutional.

threatened First Amendment freedoms.

31. Washington's Neutrality Proclamation of 1793 a. was based on calculations of American self-interest. b. fulfilled America's obligations under the Franco-American Treaty. c. was opposed by both Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson. d. dealt a severe blow to French military and naval strategists. e. had little impact on future American foreign policy.

was based on calculations of American self-interest.

41. One of George Washington's major contributions as president a. keeping the nation out of foreign wars. b. the signing of Jay's Treaty. c. his advice against forming permanent alliances with foreign nations. d. securing a pledge from Britain to stop arming Indians on the western lands. e. establishing the political party system.

was keeping the nation out of foreign wars.

23. Alexander Hamilton's Bank of the United States a. Bank of England. b. Swiss National Bank. c. Bank of France. d. national bank that existed in the United States prior to the Constitution. e. National Bank of the Netherlands.

was modeled on the Bank of England.

4. Despite the flourishing cities, America's population a. 20% b. 40% c. 55% d. 70% e. 90%

was still about 90% rural

51. The main purpose of the Alien and Sedition Acts a. capture French and British spies. b. control the Federalists. c. silence and punish critics of the Federalists. d. keep Thomas Jefferson from becoming president. e. provide support for the Democratic-Republican party.

was to silence and punish critics of the Federalists.

54. The Virginia and Kentucky resolutions a. threatened First Amendment freedoms. b. established criteria for deporting dangerous foreigners. c. changed naturalization requirements for new citizens. d. was never enforced. e. was found by the Supreme Court to be unconstitutional.

were written in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts.

22. The Whiskey Rebellion of 1794 arose in southwest Pennsylvania a. levied an excise tax on whiskey. b. tried to prohibit the sale of whiskey. c. allowed the import of foreign whiskey. d. halted the export of American whiskey. e. tried to prohibit the manufacturing of whiskey.

when the federal government levied an excise tax on whiskey.

13. As Secretary of the Treasury, Alexander Hamilton's first objective was to a. help the wealthy. b. bring more industry to the United States. c. see that more agricultural products were exported. d. bolster the national credit. e. put the country on the gold standard.

bolster the national credit.