🤍CHAPTER 10

Which organization must approve a supplement prior to it being sold?

#1 Supplements do not require approval prior to sale.

What is a primary difference between a food label and a supplement label?

#10 A supplement label only needs to list what is present, not specific amounts.

Which of the following statements is true about proprietary blends?

#11 Proprietary blends should typically be avoided, as the precise amount of each ingredient is not disclosed.

Can supplements contain food allergens?

#12 Yes, and if they do contain allergens, they should be listed on the label.

In which of the following pairs are both foods considered to be allergens?

#13 Dairy and shellfish

What is the purpose of the Current Good Manufacturing Practices?

#14 To provide guidelines to help ensure quality and purity of products

Why is third-party verification important?

#15 It provides unbiased testing for a product.

Which vitamin is the most transient?

#16 Vitamin C

How does taking "high" doses of vitamin C impact health?

#17 More is not always better. In some cases, increasing the dosage does not come with many adverse effects, but it also does not increase health benefits. An increased dose of Vitamin C over 1 g reduces absorption.

Vitamin and mineral supplements are which kind of supplements?

#18 health supplements

Which of the following is true about the biologically active forms of vitamins?

#19 Biologically active forms are most effective for augmenting body levels

How are dietary supplements defined? ▪️Dietary products useful only for bodybuilders ▪️Regulated dietary materials used to increase intake of a desired nutritional component ▪️Regulated substances that are too dangerous to discuss with clients ▪️Dietary materials essential for achieving fitness goals

#2 Regulated dietary materials used to increase intake of a desired nutritional component

What are the fat-soluble vitamins?

#20 Vitamins A, D, E, K

Compared to water-soluble vitamins, which of the following is true about fat-soluble vitamins? ▪️Fat-soluble vitamins accumulate in and deplete quickly from the body. ▪️Fat-soluble vitamins are not as healthy because fat is unhealthy. ▪️Fat-soluble vitamins are better for improving overall health. ▪️Fat-soluble vitamins take longer to accumulate in and deplete from the body.

#21 Fat-soluble vitamins take longer to accumulate in and deplete from the body.

Which vitamin has an increased risk of causing toxicity?

#22 Vitamin A

For what is vitamin D most important?

#23 bone health

Vitamin K supplements should be avoided by those taking which type of medication?

#24 Anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin)

The water-soluble vitamins include which vitamins?

#25 Vitamin C and B complex vitamins

Vitamin C has a role in which of these functions?

#26 Collagen synthesis and immunity

How many B vitamins are there?

#27 8

The B vitamins have a primary role in what?

#28 macronutrient metabolism

Which is very important as a prenatal vitamin?

#29 folate

Which governmental agency regulates dietary supplements in the United States?

#3 Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

Which of the following is magnesium classified as?

#30 Macromineral

Calcium is of principal importance for what?

#31 Maintaining strong bones

Extreme dietary restrictions may increase risk for what?

#32 vitamin and mineral deficiencies

Which two electrolytes are most commonly supplemented by athletes to replace those lost in sweat?

#33 sodium and potassium

Which of the following is iron considered to be?

#34 trace mineral

Compared to nonheme iron, heme iron is absorbed how?

#35 more efficiently

Iodine has a major role in which bodily process?

#36 thyroid function

Omega-3 fatty acids do not include which of the following fatty acids?

#37 palmitic acid

What percentage of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) converts to a biologically available form called eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)?

#38 About 5-15%

Which of the following is a potential benefit of omega-3 fatty acids?

#39 anti-inflammatory properties

What is the best definition of essential when discussing human nutrition?

#4 Must be obtained in the diet, as the body is incapable of producing the nutrient on its own.

The most well-known and well-researched effect of omega-3 fats relates to which of the following?

#40 heart health

Ergogenic aids are typically consumed for what purpose?

#41 To improve athletic performance and/or body composition

What are the three branched chain amino acids (BCAAs)?

#42 valine, leucine, isoleucine

How many Essential Amino Acids (EAAs) are there?

#43 9

Which of the following is a major nutritional contributor to muscle protein synthesis?

#44 essential amino acids

Which of the following is true of protein shakes? ▪️They are dangerous and should be avoided. ▪️They are convenient options for increasing protein intake. ▪️They are required to build muscle. ▪️They are a poor choice for recovery.

#45 They are convenient options for increasing protein intake.

Creatine is most effective for what purpose?

#46 Improving strength and muscle size

Which of the following is a banned substance in the United States?

#47 Dimethylamylamine (DMAA)

What is the most appropriate response from a Certified Personal Trainer if a client insists on using a steroid or other harmful substance?

#48 Tell them no, and refer them to a licensed medical professional for further advice.

Which of the following is true regarding steroids and other banned substances?

#49 They should never be recommended to clients, as they pose undue risk and are often illegal.

Accumulating too much of a vitamin or mineral in the body may lead to what?

#5 toxicity

Which of the following is not an appropriate expectation for a CPT? ▪️Teaching healthy portion sizes ▪️Offering general advice on supplementation ▪️Referring out to a dietitian ▪️Prescribing a supplement

#50 Prescribing a supplement

Which governmental agency regulates dietary supplements in the United Kingdom?

#6 European Food Safety Authority (EFSA)

Which governmental agency regulates dietary supplements in Australia?

#7 Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA)

What is meant by the term tolerable upper limit (UL)?

#8 The greatest quantity of a vitamin or mineral that may be consumed in a day without risk of an adverse health effect.

Which of the following is the best source for reviewing information about dietary supplements?

#9 PubMed