Chapter 10

Which perspective demonstrates how social, political, and cultural meanings affect our definition and response to health and illness? -conflict -feminism -functionalism -interactionism

interactionism

What term refers to the process through which a condition or behavior becomes defined as a medical problem? -illness status -medicalization -illness professionalism -sick role

medicalization

Which term explains why once a condition is defined as a medical problem, medicine, rather than the woman herself, gains control of its diagnosis and treatment? -medicalization -illness professionalization -illness management -sick roles

medicalization

What term best describes the total number of cases involving a specific health problem during a specific period? -illness tracker -incident rate -mortality rate -prevalence rate

prevalence rate

Which perspective argues that instead of defining health care as a right, our capitalistic system treats health care as a valuable commodity dispensed to the highest bidder? -interactionist -functionalist -feminist -conflict

Conflict

Epidemiologists focus on individuals and how they experience illnesses. -True -False

False (focus on communities and populations.)

What are the study of the patterns in the distribution and frequency of sickness, injury, and death and the social factors that shape them? -epidemiology -fertility -fecundity -morality

epidemiology

What term best describes the maximum number of children that could be born? -fecundity -mortality -incidence -prevalence

fecundity

What term best describes how long a baby born today can expect to live, on average? -mortality -fecundity -life expectancy -fertility

life expectancy

Which of the following describes the set of behaviors regarding actions and treatments of ill persons? -sick role -illness role -sick status -illness status

sick role

The United States already has socialized medicine, government-run medicine, in the form of the Department of Veterans Affairs and the Medicare system. -True -False

true

Which of the following countries is safest for new mothers and their children in relation to the infant mortality rate? -United Kingdom -Australia -Canada -Spain

Spain

Which of the following is true of epidemiology? -They encourage people to use alternatives to mainstream medicine. -They are not concerned about social factors. -They focus on individuals and how they became sick. -They focus on communities and populations.

They focus on communities and populations.

Which OECD country has the lowest rate of infant mortality? -Germany -United States -Finland -Australia

Finland

How has life expectancy changed during the COVID-19 pandemic? -It increased by a year. -It declined by 5 years. -It declined by a year. -It increased by 5 years.

It declined by a year.

Eliminating racial and ethnic health disparities was identified as a major goal of the U.S. national health agenda set by the U.S. Congress in 2019. -True -False

True

Native Americans, military personnel, and veterans are under which model of healthcare in the United States? -Beveridge model -Bismarck model -Out-of-Pocket model -National Health Insurance model

Beveridge model

What program enables states to implement their own children's health insurance programs for uninsured low-income children 18 years old or younger and targets the children of working parents or grandparents? -Bismarck model -Preferred provider organization (PPO) -the Social Security Act -Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP)

Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP)

If states wanted to invest money into something that would reduce health disparities and can increase access to health care to the poor, racial and ethnic minorities, then what would they invest in? -the Social Security Act -Preferred provider organization (PPO) -Community health centers (CHCs) -Bismarck model

Community health centers (CHCs)

What has been called the most effective tool to reduce health disparities and can increase access to health care to the poor, racial and ethnic minorities, and other underserved populations? -Community health centers (CHCs) -the Social Security Act -Preferred provider organization (PPO) -Bismarck model

Community health centers (CHCs)

According to conflict theorists, patterns of health and illness are based on individual actions. True False

False (According to conflict theorists, patterns of health and illness are not accidental or solely the result of an individual's actions)

The experience and meanings of menopause, like most illnesses, are the same across cultures. -True -False

False (Studies have suggested that the meanings and experiences of menopause may also be bound by cultural definitions.)

Joe is studying the many strides the Susan G. Komen Foundation has made, but several places note issues with the campaign. Which of the following is a criticism of the Susan G. Komen breast cancer campaign? -For focusing too much on the minority experience. -For ignoring significant social and economic disparities related to diagnosis, treatment, and survival. -For being too "loud" and active within the medical community. -For not raising enough money for the survivors.

For ignoring significant social and economic disparities related to diagnosis, treatment, and survival.

Which of the following is the main reason why people lack health care insurance coverage? -It is too expensive. -People just did not want to. -They paid higher taxes. -It was not offered by their employer.

It is too expensive.

Which of the following comprises one of the highest risk groups in the U.S. for contracting, and dying from, the disease caused by the coronavirus? -White -Native Americans -Latinx -Asian

Latinx

Which country has the highest life expectancy? -Switzerland -Sweden -the United States -Germany

Switzerland

Which industrialized nation has the highest infant mortality rate? -United States -Australia -Germany -Finland

United States

The gender pay gap exists among physicians, but this goes away after controlling for specialty, practice type, and hours worked. -True -False

False (The gender pay gap exists among physicians and continues to exist, even after controlling for specialty, practice type, and hours worked.)

Under which program will you be assigned to a primary care provider, who will provide most of your medical care, but if necessary, that doctor will refer you to specialists within the plan or to providers contracted by the plan? 0Health maintenance organization (HMO) -Federal health plans 0Preferred provider organization (PPO) 0Flexible Spend Account (FSA)

Health maintenance organization (HMO)

Jessie is interested in the number of new cases of COVID-19 within a population during a specific period. What measure would they be most interested in? -acute illness rate -prevalence rate -incidence rate -fecundity rate

incidence rate

John wants to track the frequency of long-term or chronic illnesses, such as diabetes, asthma, or HIV. What statistic would he use? -fecundity rate -prevalence rate -incidence rate -acute illness rate

prevalence rate

CHIP funding has run out and it has not been renewed because it is a version of socialized medicine. -True -False

False (Federal funds for the program ran out in September 2017, but the program was extended for six years as part of a broader federal budget agreement in January 2018.)

Which of the following has been noted by scholars as having the largest determinant of health? -a person's BMI -a person's objective health -a person's doctor's education -a person's social determinants

a person's objective health

Compared to other Western countries, what best characterizes Americans' use of healthcare? -Americans visit their doctors less frequently than peers in other countries. -Since the cost of healthcare is too expensive, they tend to use alternative medicines. -Since healthcare is cheaper, they use more technologies. -Americans are healthier than peers elsewhere and seek more treatment.

Americans visit their doctors less frequently than peers in other countries.

Which of the following is true of gender and illness? -Women died of COVID-19 at higher rates. -Men live longer than women because they are healthier. -Women experience lower rates of nonfatal chronic conditions. -Men experience higher rates of fatal illness.

Men experience higher rates of fatal illness.

Which of the following is an example of someone who is underinsured? -Josie has limited insurance but rarely uses it. -Tammy has insurance but is having trouble paying the large out-of-pocket sum. -Tonya was laid off from her job and has lost insurance. -Jim has insurance through his military service.

Tammy has insurance but is having trouble paying the large out-of-pocket sum.

Which statement about vaccine distribution is true? -The higher the social class the more likely they are to be vaccinated or have access to vaccines. -Women are less likely to be vaccinated than men. -Vaccines are for people 18 years old and older. -Humanitarian organizations ensure that countries with the most need get the vaccines first.

The higher the social class the more likely they are to be vaccinated or have access to vaccines.

Which of the following best describes the variability in life expectancy? -The last time life expectancy declined like this was WWII. -Life expectancy has declined by almost 5 years over the last decade. -The last time life expectancy declined like this was during 9/11. -Life expectancy is variable. While it declined this year, it should go up again soon.

The last time life expectancy declined like this was WWII.

Which of the following is a reason why vaccinating Latinx workers is so important? -They tend to be culturally against vaccinations. -They are considered super-spreaders. -They make up a large proportion of front-line workers. -They are biologically more susceptible.

They make up a large proportion of front-line workers.

Half of U.S. adults with lower income reported that they did not get necessary health care or did not fill prescriptions in the past year because of the cost. -True -False

True

Medicine has shifted from a general practitioner model (a family doctor who took care of all your needs) to a specialist model (where one doctor treats you for a specific ailment). True False

True

The leading cause of death of college-age Americans is unintentional injuries, followed by homicide and suicide. True False

True

U.S. laws prohibit the importation of drugs from other countries into the United States unless their safety is certified by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. -True 0False

True

Unlike other countries, in the United States, drug prices are set according to market demands. -True -False

True