Chapter 10 Abnormal Psychology
Which person would be MOST likely to cut out sweets, then eliminate more and more types of foods, but not engage in forced vomiting? a. someone experiencing restricting-type anorexia nervosa b. someone experiencing purging-type anorexia c. someone experiencing bulimia nervosa d. someone experiencing acute-type bulimia nervosa
A
Which statement is TRUE regarding binge-eating disorder? a. Binge-eating disorder raises the likelihood of being overweight or obese. b. People with binge-eating disorder typically eat only high-calorie foods. c. Binge-eating disorder is the primary cause of obesity in the United States. d. People with binge-eating disorder eat only when hungry, but then overeat.
A
The treatment that has been the MOST popular for restoring weight among persons with anorexia nervosa is: a. drug therapy. b. intravenous feedings. c. supportive psychotherapy. d. supportive nursing care and a high-calorie diet.
D
Tom is a behavioral therapist for patients with bulimia nervosa. He treats one of his patients, David, by exposing him to situations that usually cause binge episodes and then preventing him from binge eating. This technique is called: a. skillful frustration. b. temptation-restriction. c. willpower reinforcement. d. exposure and response prevention.
D
What is a known effect of GLP-1? a. It increases body metabolism. b. It helps determine the weight set point. c. It decreases the absorption of calories. d. It suppresses appetite.
D
What is the BEST treatment approach for a person with an eating disorder? a. Focus only on changing the poor eating habits. b. Look for and treat any underlying physiological disorders. c. Explore possible underlying psychological disorders and treat them accordingly. d. First focus on changing the person's eating habits and then identify and treat any underlying causes.
D
Which characteristic is very common in individuals with anorexia nervosa but is significantly less common in those who have bulimia nervosa or binge eating? a. distortion of body image b. fear of becoming overweight c. preoccupation with food d. loss of menstrual periods
D
Which description is LEAST likely to characterize the behavior of someone experiencing anorexia nervosa? a. careful preparation and planning of the food one eats during the day b. feeling oneself to be unattractively overweight c. a view that food deprivation makes one a better person d. a hesitancy to think about food
D
Which medical breakthrough is MOST likely to appeal to an overweight person? a. a way to safely block GLP-1 in humans b. a way to safely activate the lateral hypothalamus in humans c. a way to safely deactivate the ventromedial hypothalamus in humans d. a way to safely increase GLP-1 in humans
D
Which medical problem associated with anorexia nervosa is MOST likely to lead to death? a. amenorrhea b. skin and nail dryness c. growth of lanugo d. electrolyte imbalances
D
Which person is MOST likely to have bulimia nervosa based on the descriptions provided? a. someone who has lost 40 pounds in 4 months by eliminating sweets from his or her diet b. someone who exercises compulsively and who meticulously plans and tracks every meal c. someone who often "loses control" while eating and tends to eat even when not hungry d. someone who repeatedly gorges on food and as a result spends an excessive amount of time working out
D
Which person recovering from bulimia nervosa is MOST likely to experience a relapse? a. a person who made progress early on in treatment b. a person who developed bulimia as an older adult c. a person who had a short history of bulimia before treatment d. a person who had a pattern of frequent vomiting during the disorder
D
Which statement about the relationship between binge-eating and obesity is MOST accurate? a. The correlation between binge-eating and obesity is weak. b. Binge eating is common among people who are overweight, but the reverse does not hold. c. Obesity is common among people who engage in binge eating, but the reverse does not hold. d. Obesity is common among people who engage in binge eating, and vice versa.
D
Which statement is NOT true about anorexia nervosa? a. It usually follows a diet in someone who is of normal weight or slightly overweight. b. It can follow a stressful event such as divorce, a move from home, or a personal failure. c. Fatalities occur by suicide or serious medical problems due to starvation. d. About 35 percent of people who experience anorexia nervosa are male.
D
Which would be MOST indicative of a person with muscle dysmorphia? a. A man diets excessively, trying to become thin and slender. b. A man exercises excessively to lose weight and muscle mass. c. A man who is excessively obese engages in binge eating. d. A man is muscular but does not see himself as being muscular, so he continues to strive for a perfect body
D
Xena is being treated for anorexia nervosa. She has reached a point where she says, "I feel fat regardless of my actual body weight." What does this suggest about the progress of her treatment? a. The treatment needs to continue. b. The treatment is a complete success. c. The treatment will never be successful. d. The treatment has been partly successful.
D
To qualify for a diagnosis of bulimia nervosa, compensatory behaviors must: a. occur. b. involve vomiting. c. effectively cause weight loss. d. cause pathological changes in the body.
A
What percentage of young girls said that the pictures of women they see in magazines and social media make them want to lose weight? a. 69 percent b. 57 percent c. 45 percent d. 32 percent
A
Body dissatisfaction correlates MOST strongly with: a. unfavorable peer comparisons. b. low self-esteem. c. negative parental attitudes about weight. d. unfavorable media comparisons.
B
Individuals with anorexia nervosa often have which psychological problem? a. borderline personality disorder b. compulsive behavior c. bipolar depression d. panic disorder
B
A person who loses weight by forcing herself to vomit after meals or by using laxatives, and who otherwise fits the definition of anorexia, is experiencing: a. binge-eating/purging-type anorexia nervosa. b. food-phobia anorexia nervosa. c. restricted-type anorexia nervosa. d. variable-limited anorexia nervosa.
A
A researcher conducts an experiment on a rat. In the experiment, the researcher stimulates the rat's lateral hypothalamus. What is MOST likely to happen? a. The rat will feel hungry. b. The rat will lose his or her appetite. c. The rat will die from starvation. d. The rat will experience intense sexual desire.
A
Body shaming has been experienced by _____ of teenage girls and _____ of teenage boys. a. 94%; 64% b. 86%; 56% c. 78%; 48% d. 65%; 35%
A
If a person says, "I have to be perfect in every way. I'll be a better person if I deprive myself of food," that person is engaging in: a. distorted thinking. b. wishful thinking. c. obsessive thinking. d. critical thinking.
A
If one found that the average weight and size of cheerleaders had declined significantly over the years, and that those who aspired to be cheerleaders had a high level of eating disorders, that would be evidence for a _____ cause of eating disorders. a. societal b. family c. psychological d. biological
A
Someone who fasts or exercises strenuously following a binge is engaging in: a. compensatory behaviors. b. purging. c. enmeshment. d. exposure and response prevention.
A
The MOST appropriate diagnosis for a man who is strong and fit but does not see himself that way and so continues to push himself is: a. muscle dysmorphia. b. anorexia nervosa. c. bulimia nervosa. d. reverse Barbie syndrome.
A
The MOST common cognitive disturbance seen in individuals with anorexia nervosa is a: a. distorted body image. b. revulsion toward food. c. major clinical depression. d. a distorted view of others.
A
The MOST realistic statement a person with anorexia nervosa would make following cognitive treatment is: a. I expect to feel fat because of my illness. b. I no longer feel fat. c. Although I'm fat, I like my body now. d. I don't just feel fat; I am fat.
A
The preoccupation with food characteristic of anorexia nervosa is thought to: a. result from starvation. b. be the underlying cause of the disorder. c. be more pronounced in younger children with anorexia. d. result from overeating.
A
Which problem is common in anorexia nervosa? a. amenorrhea b. increased heart rate c. high blood pressure
A
Relapses of people with bulimia nervosa are MOST likely to occur following: a. time spent with others who have bulimia. b. life stresses.
B
Roughly what fraction of all people develop bulimia nervosa in their lifetime? a. 1 in 200 b. 1 in 100 c. 1 in 50 d. 1 in 20
B
Thomas hides away in his room and consumes several cartons of ice cream and a couple of boxes of doughnuts in a span of 30 minutes. He feels unable to stop eating until everything is gone, then is overwhelmed with shame at the amount he has consumed. He then goes back to what he was doing before. Thomas most likely has: a. bulimia nervosa. b. a binge-eating disorder. c. obsessive-compulsive disorder. d. anorexia nervosa.
B
A study of college men showed that they describe the ideal male as _____ and the ideal female as _____. a. slim and trim; slim and trim b. muscular; muscular c. muscular; thin d. athletic; strong
C
People who are overweight and regularly binge eat without compensatory behaviors are experiencing: a. binge-purge disorder. b. anorexia-bulimia disorder. c. binge-eating disorder. d. noncompensatory binge disorder.
C
The peak age range for the development of anorexia nervosa is: a. 7 to 10. b. 10 to 13. c. 14 to 20. d. 20 to 25.
C
Which psychological problem is LEAST likely to be associated with anorexia nervosa? a. depression b. obsessive-compulsive disorder c. schizophrenia d. substance abuse
C
A man with muscle dysmorphia is MOST likely to: a. be diagnosed with anorexia nervosa. b. believe himself to be too muscularly developed despite the fact that he is not. c. concentrate on the regulation of his eating rather than excessive weight-lifting. d. feel that he is scrawny despite the fact that he is not.
D
Around _____ of all girls and women are dissatisfied with their bodies, compared to _____ of all boys and men. a. 89%; 70% b. 83%; 74% c. 72%; 66% d. 68%; 49%
B
If a therapist thought that eating disorders were BEST explained by an interaction of sociocultural, psychological, and biological factors, that therapist would be taking which type of perspective? a. a monodimensional perspective b. a multidimensional perspective c. a cognitive-behavioral perspective d. an outdated perspective
B
Roughly what fraction of people with anorexia nervosa eventually die by either starvation or suicide? a. 1 in 50 b. 1 in 20 c. 1 in 10 d. 1 in 5
B
What is the first type of food usually eliminated from the diet of a person who is developing restricting-type anorexia? a. meat b. sweets c. breads d. nuts and grains
B
Compared with people with anorexia nervosa, MOST people with bulimia nervosa: a. are younger. b. have less education. c. are of a more normal weight. d. have obsessive thoughts about food.
C
Idrina, who is 15, has a negative perception of her body. She is most likely dissatisfied with her: a. upper arms. b. waist. c. thighs. d. chest
C
What is the average lifetime duration of binge-eating disorder? a. 7 years b. 10 years c. 14 years d. 20 years
C
Which professions put one at GREATEST risk for an eating disorder? a. lawyers and office workers b. doctors and nurses c. actors and certain athletes d. graphic artists and writers
C
Which statement BEST reflects the relationship between gender and eating disorders? a. Most cases of eating disorders occur in males. b. Most cases of eating disorders begin in females over the age of 18 years. c. Most cases of eating disorders occur in females.
C
The currently accepted view of eating disorders is that the cause is: a. cognitive. b. biological. c. behavioral. d. multidimensional.
D
What is the part of the brain MOST closely associated with the control of eating and body weight? a. the corpus callosum b. the hypothalamus
B
When researchers offered a choice of a thin doll or a chubby doll to preschoolers, the children chose the: a. doll that looks most like they do. b. thin doll but didn't know why. c. thin doll because they said they want to be thin themselves. d. chubby doll but didn't know why.
B
Which condition is NOT commonly associated with anorexia nervosa? a. substance abuse b. a personality disorder c. low self-esteem d. anxiety
B
Which measure is sometimes required during nutritional rehabilitation, when the patient refuses to eat? a. hypnosis b. tube feeding c. electroconvulsive therapy d. motivational interviewing
B
What is the weight set point? a. The weight a person is predisposed to maintain b. The body's natural weight c. The ideal weight that a person desires to achieve d. The average weight for people of the same height
A
In Western countries, the prevalence of bulimia nervosa among adolescent girls may be as high as: a. 1 in 50. b. 1 in 20. c. 1 in 10. d. 1 in 5.
D
Research on the aftermath of anorexia nervosa shows that: a. although psychological difficulties improve, weight gain is minimal. b. although weight gain is good, most individuals cannot hold a job. c. although weight gain is good, women with anorexia fail to regain menstruation. d. the death rate from anorexia appears to be declining.
D
Worldwide, the proportion of students who report periodic binge eating or self-induced vomiting is: a. between 5 and 10 percent. b. between 10 and 20 percent. c. between 25 and 50 percent. d. above 50 percent.
C
A woman with anorexia has lanugo. What has happened? a. She has lost body hair. b. She has developed double vision. c. Her menstrual cycle has become irregular. d. She has grown fine, silky hair on her body.
D
Eating disorders are associated with dysfunctional brain circuit activity that is also found in each of the following EXCEPT: a. generalized anxiety disorders. b. dissociative disorders. c. obsessive-compulsive disorders. d. depressive disorders.
B
Which form of treatment for anorexia nervosa is most effective by itself? a. cognitive-behavioral therapy b. psychodynamic therapy c. supportive therapy d. psychoeducation
A
Bulimia nervosa is characterized by: a. episodes of overeating. b. obsessive-compulsive disorder. c. fasting and frantic exercise. d. being underweight.
A
Compared with the general public, people with eating disorders are more likely to: a. experience depression. b. suffer from mania. c. experience panic attacks. d. have higher serotonin levels.
A
A patient with anorexia nervosa who says, "My self-worth is not dependent on my weight," has most likely received: a. antidepressant medications. b. exposure and response prevention. c. cognitive-behavioral therapy. d. treatment for family enmeshment.
C
The use of a food diary to keep track of eating behavior as part of the treatment of patients with bulimia nervosa is MOST likely to be suggested by a therapist who relies on the: a. cognitive perspective. b. interpersonal perspective. c. behavioral perspective. d. psychodynamic perspective.
C
Which medical condition is MORE common in people with bulimia nervosa than those with anorexia nervosa? a. amenorrhea b. dental problems c. high potassium levels in the blood d. growth of immature body hair
B
A therapist who sat with a patient with bulimia nervosa while the patient ate appropriate quantities of "forbidden" foods, and then stayed until the patient no longer had the urge to purge, would be practicing: a. exposure and response prevention. b. group insight-oriented therapy. c. correction of cognitive misperceptions. d. supportive nursing care
A
An enmeshed family with an adolescent child would likely show which of the following? a. The adolescent's emotional state mirrors that of their mother. b. The mother insists that the family eat dinner together every night. c. The adolescent prefers to play video games rather than play outside. d. The adolescent likes their family and feels close to all members.
A
The major disadvantage of using forced tube-feeding for patients with eating disorders who refuse to eat is that the patients may: a. become distrustful of the medical establishment and uncooperative with further treatment. b. actually lose more weight than if they were not force-fed. c. gain weight too quickly. d. be diagnosed with bulimia nervosa.
A
Treatments used to treat binge-eating disorder are typically: a. similar to those used to treat bulimia nervosa. b. the same as those used to treat bulimia nervosa. c. similar to those used to treat anorexia nervosa. d. the same as those used to treat anorexia nervosa.
A
What is the MOST common outcome for individuals treated for anorexia nervosa? a. sustained restoration of weight and medical improvements b. correction of eating patterns but irreversible damage to the reproductive organs c. long-term partial weight gain but lifelong underweight status d. short-term recovery followed by recurrences of anorexic behavior
A
What is the overall objective of the Body Project? a. to prevent eating disorders b. to document societal expectations of weight throughout history c. to raise funding for additional research related to weight management in teens d. to provide peer support to those individuals with an eating disorder
A
Heather is being treated for anorexia nervosa. What might she say that exemplifies her disturbed cognition? a. I don't talk about my feelings; I never have. b. My weight and shape determine my value. c. I am free to speak my mind, and others shouldn't turn away. d. Whatever I feel, she has to feel, too.
B
In which group of women are eating disorders LEAST on the rise? a. Hispanic women b. non-Hispanic white women c. African American women d. Asian American women
B
Medications that treat _____ are the MOST helpful in the treatment of bulimia nervosa. a. anxiety b. depression c. psychosis d. vomiting and nausea
B
One of the therapy methods commonly used to treat bulimia nervosa is: a. flooding. b. exposure and response prevention. c. aversive therapy. d. systematic desensitization.
B
The Body Project considers the key factors that predispose people to developing eating disorders when creating session exercises. One theme of these sessions is critiquing Western society's ultra-thin ideal. Which activity fits best with this theme? a. listening to an expert explain how the thin ideal is used in advertising b. posting an online essay critiquing the thin ideal displayed in a fashion ad c. privately considering the negative influences of the thin ideal on young girls d. watching someone electronically alter the body shape of a person in an online photo
B
Which of these is the most likely trigger for relapse for people with bulimia nervosa and for people with anorexia nervosa? a. weight gain b. life stresses c. media exposure d. medication withdrawal
B
. Annabella is about to attend the first of four Body Project sessions she has signed up for. During the sessions, she could expect to do any of the following, EXCEPT: a. role play with others about what it feels like to be body shamed. b. learn techniques for healthy meal planning and food preparation. c. look at pictures of people and write out critiques of their appearance. d. participate in group exercises that build motivation and team spirit.
C
A family system that places an unhealthy importance on appearance might include which of the following? a. a mother who is critical of her daughter's short skirts and heavy makeup use b. a mother who insists that her son learn the basics of meal planning and cooking c. a father who repeatedly jokes about his son's "scrawny" legs and tells him he should start lifting weights to "look more like a man" d. a father who insists that his daughter try out for the softball team even though she has not expressed an interest in sports
C
Based on studies of Miss America Pageant winners and Playboy models, future winners of the Miss America Pageant will likely be: a. larger than those who lose. b. about a pound heavier than the previous year's winner. c. smaller than those in the past. d. larger in their chests but have smaller hips than current winners.
C
Family members are overinvolved in each other's lives but are affectionate and loyal. This description fits Salvador Minuchin's definition of an: a. autonomous family pattern. b. underfunctioning family pattern. c. enmeshed family pattern. d. institutionalized family pattern.
C
In an enmeshed family, the push for independence at adolescence threatens the apparent family harmony. As a result, the family may subtly force the child to take on a "sick" role. Why is this done? a. to make the child less affected by societal pressures b. to increase bonding among all family members c. to ensure the child maintains dependence on the family d. to punish the child for abandoning family responsibilities
C
In which case is someone MOST likely to develop an eating disorder? a. if the person has a fraternal twin with anorexia nervosa b. if the person has a fraternal twin with bulimia nervosa c. if the person has an identical twin with anorexia nervosa d. if the person has an identical twin with bulimia nervosa
C
Lasting improvement for a person with anorexia nervosa depends on: a. ensuring that the person follows a high-protein diet. b. providing long-term drug therapy over several years. c. addressing underlying psychological problems. d. recognizing the need to give up control.
C
Patients with anorexia nervosa receive a gradually increasing diet over the course of several weeks. The form of therapy they are receiving is: a. autonomy and self-awareness training. b. cognitive-behavioral therapy. c. nutritional rehabilitation. d. biofeedback training.
C
People who do not have anorexia and are placed on a starvation diet show many of the food preoccupations of people with anorexia nervosa. Which conclusions can be drawn from this finding? a. Restrictive diets cause anorexia nervosa. b. Preoccupation with food cannot be viewed as a defining characteristic of anorexia. c. Preoccupation with food is likely the result of starvation, rather than the underlying cause of anorexia. d. Forced starvation increases the likelihood of developing anorexia nervosa.
C
Regarding emotions, the pattern common in bulimia nervosa from pre-binge, through binge, to post-binge is BEST described in sequence as: a. control, enjoyment, shame. b. relaxation, pleasure, enjoyment. c. tension, powerlessness, shame. d. shame, doubt, guilt.
C
What is a likely long-term consequence of anorexia nervosa? a. a failure to gain weight b. a failure to menstruate c. a continuing concern about weight and appearance d. the inability to succeed at a job
C
A study showed a positive correlation, among adolescent girls, between the time spent on social media and the likelihood of experiencing an eating disorder. This result showed that: a. girls who spend time on social media are less likely to have eating disorders. b. having an eating disorder causes a person to disengage from face-to-face interactions. c. being on social media is a way to avoid eating. d. exposure to social media might be related to an increase in eating disorders.
D
Calvin is starting cognitive-behavioral treatment to treat his binge-eating disorder. His brother, Li, tells Calvin that he believes gastric bypass surgery would be more helpful and faster than psychotherapy. Why would this approach NOT be recommended? a. Most people who have binge-eating disorder are not actually obese. b. Losing weight after engaging in dangerous eating behavior would reinforce those eating habits in the individual. c. Surgery does not teach the person how to effectively manage overall health and is "cheating." d. It does not address the underlying cognitive issues that compel someone to binge eat.
D
Emily has anorexia nervosa, and her therapist includes family therapy in her treatment. As part of family therapy, Emily and her family participate in therapeutic family meals. The MOST likely goal of this activity is: a. to help the patient associate eating with positive social interactions. b. to provide feedback and guidance on the nutritional quality of the meal served. c. to increase interpersonal bonding between the patient and other family members. d. to observe the family dynamics during mealtime and then address unhealthy behaviors.
D
Joey is obsessed with weightlifting. Even though he is extremely muscled, Joey still believes he's scrawny and starts taking steroids. Joey has: a. obsessive-compulsive disorder. b. bulimia nervosa. c. anorexia nervosa. d. reverse anorexia
D
What statement BEST explains why eating disorders are less common in males than in females? a. Compared with females, males are less concerned with how they are judged by others. b. Eating disorders are overdiagnosed in females. c. Males are less susceptible to brain chemistry changes than females are. d. Males are more likely to achieve weight loss through exercise than through dieting.
D
When treating anorexia nervosa, what is the first step that should be taken? a. Correct family coping patterns. b. Resolve unresolved oral conflicts. c. Correct maladaptive thought patterns. d. Help the person start to regain the lost weight.
D
Which conclusion about family patterns and eating disorders is MOST supported by systematic research? a. People with eating disorders come from enmeshed families. b. Children who take on a "sick" role will likely develop eating disorders. c. Individuality and independence are related to the development of eating disorders. d. Families of individuals with bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa vary widely.
D
Which example would you expect to negatively influence an adolescent girl's body image? a. Snapchat filters that give people cartoon features b. the overabundance of selfies posted to social media sites c. the large number of fake quotations regarding weight loss that are shared online d. the photo manipulation of images that make women look thinner than they are in real life
D
Which person is at GREATEST risk for an eating disorder? a. a college-age woman who is not an athlete b. a woman who is lower on the socioeconomic scale c. an African American woman d. a female gymnast
D
A person who eats large amounts of food in a short period and does this repeatedly, with no other symptoms, would be said to have: a. a binge-eating disorder. b. anorexia nervosa. c. bulimia nervosa. d. no eating disorder.
A
A teenager has recently developed signs of bulimia nervosa. She has been binge eating alone in her room and vomits immediately afterward to try to control her weight. Why will this not result in sustainable weight loss? a. Purging increases hunger, which decreases metabolism and triggers more frequent binges. b. Calorie absorption occurs almost instantaneously, with 80 to 90 percent of calories being absorbed before vomiting occurs. c. With each incident of self-induced vomiting, it becomes more difficult to trigger the vomiting reflex. d. Vomiting increases sodium levels, which results in water retention.
A
Statistically speaking, which eating disorder is a male most likely to develop? a. restricted-type anorexia nervosa b. binge-eating disorder c. purging-type anorexia nervosa d. bulimia nervosa
B
Parents who feed their children when they are anxious and comfort them when they are tired, rather than giving them a nap, run the risk of producing children who: a. cannot assess their own needs. b. are insensitive to others. c. are overly dependent on internal cues. d. are too independent.
A
Participants who have just completed a very-low-calorie weight-loss program would be MOST at risk for: a. bingeing. b. anorexia nervosa. c. substance abuse. d. family problems.
A
People suffering from anorexia nervosa tend to: a. overestimate their body size. b. underestimate their body size. c. correctly estimate their body size. d. vary in accuracy in estimating their body size.
A
Similarities between bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa include which of these? a. Both tend to begin after a period of dieting among people afraid of becoming obese. b. Both involve a reluctance to think about food, weight, or appearance. c. Both involve an underestimation of one's weight and body size. d. Both tend to be related to personality disorders.
A
The primary motivating emotion a person with anorexia experiences is: a. fear. b. anger. c. shame. d. hate.
A
What is the significance of the 1940s study by Keys and colleagues in which healthy individuals placed on a semistarvation diet developed a preoccupation with food? a. This study supports the idea that a preoccupation with food is a result of starvation. b. This study demonstrates that a preoccupation with food is a natural event and not of medical concern.
A
According to the weight set-point theory, what is the most likely long-term outcome of dieting to lose weight? a. a return to the starting weight b. modest but lasting weight loss c. modest but lasting weight gain d. a steady cycle of weight gain and loss
A
Allie has anorexia nervosa, Billie has bulimia nervosa, and Chloe has binge-eating disorder. Which of them is LEAST likely to receive treatment? a. Allie b. Billie c. Chloe d. All three are about equally likely.
A
Anthony is 34 and dissatisfied with his body. He is most likely dissatisfied with his: a. stomach and weight. b. hips and thighs. c. weight and hips. d. thighs and stomach.
A
Diana looks at a digital photograph of herself and adjusts the size until she thinks the picture matches how she looks. She is MOST likely participating in an assessment of her: a. accuracy in estimating body size. b. self-esteem. c. readiness for therapy. d. susceptibility to societal stereotypes.
A
For which individual is recovery from anorexia nervosa MOST likely? a. someone who is a teenager rather than a young adult b. someone who has lost a relatively large percentage of body weight c. someone who also has sex problems d. someone who enters therapy late in his or her disorder
A
Hilde Bruch's ego deficiency view of children with eating disorders involves: a. children lacking control over their lives and misperceiving internal cues. b. parents who failed to anticipate and meet their children's needs, especially for food. c. children's hypersensitivity to and accuracy in interpreting internal cues. d. hostile and abusive parents.
A
In one study, prospective parents rated a picture of a chubby child as less _____ than an average-weight child. a. friendly and intelligent b. masculine c. emotionally stable d. likely to succeed
A
In which socioeconomic class of women were anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa most common for most of the twentieth century? a. upper-class women b. middle-class women c. working class women d. women living in poverty
A
A young woman who is very concerned about being attractive to others, is sexually active, and has relatively few obsessive qualities is: a. more likely to be experiencing anorexia than bulimia. b. more likely to be experiencing bulimia than anorexia. c. equally likely to be experiencing bulimia or anorexia. d. showing no symptoms that have been found to be related to eating disorders.
B
According to Hilde Bruch, ineffective parents put their children at risk for eating disorders by: a. overcontrolling their children. b. incorrectly interpreting their children's needs. c. causing their children to become too attentive to internal signals. d. giving their children too much help and assistance.
B
The psychological disorder that anorexia nervosa MOST resembles is: a. a simple phobia. b. narcissistic personality disorder. c. borderline personality disorder. d. obsessive-compulsive disorder
D
After eating three burgers, a large order of fries, and two vanilla milkshakes, Winfrey goes to the gym to "work it off." She runs for 90 minutes on the treadmill, spends an hour cycling, and gets on the rowing machine for another hour. After her workout, she refuses to eat anything for 48 hours. She repeats this pattern a few days later. Based on this information, which diagnosis would be MOST fitting? a. binge-eating disorder b. bulimia nervosa c. anorexia nervosa d. eating disorder not otherwise specified
B
All treatments for anorexia nervosa share the long-term common goal of: a. producing weight gain in the patient. b. addressing the underlying causes of the disorders. c. moving the patient out of the situation that caused the problem. d. forcing the patient to accept responsibility for his or her actions.
B
One of the characters on a popular TV show is discussing another character who is severely obese. She says, "I don't know how someone could let themselves become that fat." Why is this type of commentary so harmful? a. It suggests that it is not possible to be healthy while severely obese. b. It fosters a sense of shame in those who are overweight or obese. c. It promotes humor as a means of discussing a serious health problem. d. It supports the idea that overweight or obese persons should not be actors.
B
One tool in treatment for eating disorders is called body tracing. This consists of: a. the patient journaling about where she believes her body ideals came from. b. the patient drawing an image she believes represents her body size. c. compiling stories from the patient's family about eating and bodily appearance. d. compiling a genetic profile that identifies markers related to eating behavior.
B
Ophelia is a college-aged woman with a history of dieting. Over the past few months, she has drastically reduced how much food she consumes. She views her constant hunger pain as a positive sign that she is maintaining control over her eating. Even though her weight is now below average, Ophelia still views herself as overweight. As her health care provider, you suspect possible anorexia nervosa. Which other sign or symptoms would be present with anorexia nervosa? a. a history of mental illness b. fear of becoming overweight c. extroverted personality d. history of being a picky eater
B
Shana has been very stressed at work and at school. When she gets home, she eats muffins, cake, ice cream, and almost anything else in the house that is sweet. In the midst of eating, she takes a huge dose of a laxative to "empty out" the food she is eating. Her taking the laxative, and the assumption underlying why she does it, would lead to a diagnosis of: a. binge-eating disorder. b. bulimia nervosa. c. anorexia nervosa. d. an eating disorder not otherwise specified.
B
The medical problem that is twice as frequent in women with anorexia nervosa as it is in women with bulimia nervosa is: a. hair loss. b. amenorrhea. c. hypokalemia. d. esophageal bleeding.
B
What is the policy on most social networking sites regarding pro-anorexia (pro-Ana) content? a. Most sites permit the content as legally protected free expression. b. Most sites delete the content and ban groups that post it. c. Most sites permit the content because studies have not demonstrated its harmfulness. d. Most sites have no policy because the content is impossible to police.
B
What is the status of binge-eating disorder in relation to the DSM? a. Binge-eating was recognized by the DSM starting in 1960. b. Binge-eating has been included in the DSM starting with DSM-5. c. Binge-eating has been proposed for inclusion in the next edition. d. Binge-eating is not officially recognized as a psychological disorder.
B
What would be a typical setting for nutritional rehabilitation treatment? a. inpatient hospitalization b. outpatient care c. home visit care d. telemedicine
B
Which condition would someone with bulimia nervosa be more likely to experience than someone with anorexia nervosa? a. hair loss b. long-term cardiovascular disease c. irregular menstrual cycles d. reduced bone density
B
Which is NOT a compensatory behavior for someone with bulimia nervosa? a. excessive exercise b. liquid-only diet c. forced vomiting d. use of diuretics
B
Which statement BEST describes the effects of compensatory behaviors that people with bulimia nervosa use in controlling their weight? a. Vomiting immediately after eating prevents the absorption of 90 percent of calories consumed. b. Engaging in repeated vomiting leads to more frequent and intense binges due to the inability to feel sated. c. Using laxatives immediately after eating prevents absorption of 60 percent of calories consumed but causes increased fluid intake. d. Using diuretics regularly leads to long-term inability to absorb calories, even months after the person stops using them.
B
Which statement is accurate? a. The death rate from anorexia nervosa has been increasing recently. b. Anorexic behavior recurs in about one-third of recovered patients. c. Most patients who recover from anorexia experience marital dissatisfaction. d. Few patients who recover from anorexia continue to express concern about appearance.
B
The rates of eating disorders among African American women are rising to levels approaching the rates for non-Hispanic white Americans. This is MOST likely due to: a. increases in the availability of junk food. b. alexithymia. c. the increase in the number of men with eating disorders. d. acculturation.
D
People with which eating disorder are MOST likely to be obese? a. those with bulimia nervosa b. those with binge-eating/purging-type anorexia nervosa c. those with restricting-type anorexia nervosa d. those with binge-eating disorder
D
A person who has anorexia nervosa has dry, rough, cracked skin and may grow lanugo. Why would you not expect to see these symptoms in someone with binge-eating disorder? a. These symptoms develop primarily in women. b. These symptoms are the result of an overactive thyroid. c. These symptoms result from nutritional deficiencies caused by starvation. d. These symptoms result from excessive, unhealthy levels of exercise.
C
A person who stopped eating candy and other sweets, then gradually eliminated other foods until he or she was eating almost nothing, could be experiencing: a. binge-purge type of anorexia nervosa. b. sweet-phobia type of anorexia nervosa. c. restricted-type anorexia nervosa. d. exercise-induced anorexia nervosa
C
According to Hilde Bruch, which is an example of ineffective parenting that could make children prone to eating disorders? a. Parents feed children crying from hunger and comfort ones crying from fear. b. Parents feed children too much, regardless of whether they are crying. c. Parents feed anxious children and comfort tired ones. d. Parents feed children too little.
C
According to cognitive theorists, the underlying distortion in eating disorders is related to: a. a misunderstanding of the relationship between food and weight. b. eating that is uncontrolled. c. too much concern with eating, shape, and weight. d. an inability to control one's emotions.
C
According to weight set point theory, which is a consequence of dieting below one's weight set point? a. There is increased hypothalamic activity, producing a revulsion to food. b. Body changes produce further weight loss. c. There is an increase in hunger. d. There is a continuing loss of weight no matter how many calories are consumed.
C
At lunch, Vincent, a patient in therapy, eats exactly 23 almonds, which he chews exactly 23 times each. This is a symptom of anorexia nervosa related to: a. schizophrenia. b. depression. c. obsessive-compulsive disorder. d. substance abuse.
C
Changes in body image among African American women and among women in non-Westernized cultures support the idea that _____ has/have a strong influence on body image. a. genetic similarities b. cognitive distortions c. exposure to white U.S. culture d. the impact of gender
C
The central feature of bulimia nervosa is: a. excessive dieting and weight loss. b. fanatic exercising preceded by binge eating. c. purging either by vomiting or by using laxatives. d. binge eating followed by a compensatory behavior.
D
How does binge-eating disorder differ from bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa? a. People with binge-eating disorder are not completely satisfied with the way they look, but they focus on body image much less than individuals with anorexia or bulimia nervosa. b. People with binge-eating disorder do not experience shame or guilt after binge eating. c. People with binge-eating disorder tend to develop the disorder later in life, typically in their twenties. d. People with binge-eating disorder report experiencing significantly less control during bingeing than do those with anorexia or bulimia nervosa.
C
Many people regain weight after losing it. Which biological explanation BEST explains why? a. Abnormally high levels of serotonin persist despite dieting. b. The hypothalamus stops producing the appetite suppressant GLP-1. c. The brain is trying to restore the person to a weight set point. d. The ventromedial hypothalamus undergoes excessive stimulation
C
Support for the idea that depressive disorders set the stage for eating disorders comes from evidence that shows: a. high levels of serotonin in the brain. b. eating disorders have been successfully treated using antianxiety medication. c. close relatives of people with eating disorders have a high rate of depressive disorders. d. people with eating disorders are not more likely themselves to be diagnosed with depression.
C
Two individuals are being treated for eating disorders. One has bulimia nervosa, and the other has anorexia nervosa. Which behavior would be MORE likely in the person with bulimia? a. cutting food into perfectly symmetrical bites b. eating only foods that are considered safe c. displaying symptoms of avoidant personality disorder d. experiencing serious medical consequences from the disorder
C
What appears to be the key factor in determining the types of food that are likely to be eaten in a binge? a. oral stimulation through crunchiness b. high protein through meat c. rapidity through soft texture d. taste of the food
C
What is cognitive dissonance theory, as applied to eating disorders? a. an explanation of how eating disorders arise due to conflicting beliefs b. a theory for preventing eating disorders by creating a conflict of beliefs c. a program for treating eating disorders by pointing out a conflict of beliefs d. a method of diagnosing eating disorders by identifying a conflict of beliefs
C
What is the immediate goal for all the treatment methods for bulimia nervosa? a. eliminating negative self-perceptions b. addressing the underlying causes of the bulimic patterns c. assisting patients to eliminate their binge-purge patterns d. forcing patients to accept responsibility for their actions
C
Where would one be MOST likely to see the sentence, "Nothing tastes as good as skinny feels"? a. on a bulimia blog b. in a treatment program for individuals with anorexia nervosa c. on a pro-anorexia website d. in an obesity prevention program
C
Which characteristic is MOST consistent with anorexia nervosa? a. a refusal to think about food at all b. the view that one's body is too thin c. overestimating body size
C
Which description BEST represents someone with bulimia nervosa? a. A woman concerned about putting on a few extra pounds decides to replace her usual junk food snacks with fruit and begins a new high-intensity exercise program. b. A woman carefully monitors everything she eats. She always skips breakfast and restricts meals to less than 200 calories. She avoids social situations at which food is likely to be served. c. A woman regularly tells herself that she is going to eat a small, healthy meal but then commonly finds herself eating an entire pizza, a carton of ice cream, and a box of doughnuts at one sitting. She immediately feels shame and guilt and then forces herself to throw it all up. d. During periods of peak stress, a woman repeatedly finds herself devouring any sweets she can find: brownies, donuts, ice cream, and so on. She consumes thousands of calories in one sitting and immediately experiences guilt.
C
Why do the textbook authors describe dieters who have fallen to a weight below their set point as being engaged in a "battle against themselves"? a. Their hypothalamus has been damaged. b. They have an emotional conflict between their desire to diet and their desire to eat. c. Their brains are working against them to get them back to their "set point." d. What they want for themselves and what society tells them is attractive are two different things.
C
The concordance rate for anorexia nervosa in identical twins is 70 percent. This means that: a. fraternal twins also have a 70 percent chance of developing anorexia. b. in 70 percent of identical twins, both twins have anorexia. c. fraternal twins have a 30 percent rate of anorexia. d. if one identical twin has anorexia, there is a 70 percent chance that the other twin has anorexia too.
D
The disorder that is characterized by eating binges followed by a compensatory behavior such as forced vomiting is called: a. obesity. b. obsession. c. anorexia nervosa. d. bulimia nervosa.
D
A modern explanation of why many people with anorexia continually have food-related thoughts and dreams is that such thoughts and dreams: a. serve as a substitute for actual eating. b. fulfill basic needs of the id. c. help the individual limit food consumption while awake. d. are the result of food deprivation.
D
A person with bulimia nervosa just binge ate a large assortment of desserts. If the person were to verbalize his or her feelings immediately after the binge, what would the person MOST likely say? a. "I know I shouldn't eat that much in one sitting, but since I barely ate yesterday, it's okay." b. "I have so much energy. I'm ready to tackle that new project I've been putting off." c. "I should probably exercise for an extra 30 minutes tonight." d. "I can't believe I just did that. I'm disgusting and hopeless."
D
Current research on eating disorders is MOST consistent with which statement? a. Non-Hispanic white American women have better body images and fewer problems with eating disorders than do African American women. b. African American women have better body images and fewer problems with eating disorders than do non-Hispanic white American women. c. Both non-Hispanic white American women and African American women have better body images and fewer problems with eating disorders these days than they did in the past. d. The rates of eating disorders are increasing in minority women and are approaching the rates found in non-Hispanic white American women
D
Depression and eating disorders are correlated. What does this statement mean? a. Depression causes people to more likely have eating disorders. b. Eating disorders cause people to more likely be depressed. c. Poor parenting causes both eating disorders and depression. d. People with eating disorders also tend to experience depression.
D
How do pro-Ana websites view anorexia nervosa? a. as a joke b. as a characteristic c. as a hobby d. as a lifestyle
D
If current trends concerning the body images of African American women and non-Hispanic white American women continue, one would expect that in the future: a. non-Hispanic white American women would become more like African American women. b. the body images of non-Hispanic white American women would become more realistic. c. African American culture would become more influential among white Americans. d. African American women would show increasing body image dissatisfaction.
D
If researchers find that many people with eating disorders also have symptoms of depression, they know that: a. eating disorders cause depression. b. depression causes eating disorders. c. something else causes both eating disorders and depression. d. eating disorders and depression are somehow related
D
Immediately preceding the onset of an eating disorder in a woman, one would MOST likely find that she had: a. recently given birth. b. gone through a period of intense criticism from her family. c. experienced a growth spurt. d. been successful in losing weight and had been praised by family.
D
In 2017, the Calorie Control Council reported that the average Thanksgiving meal consists of more than 3,000 calories, yet this is not considered a binge-eating episode. Why not? a. The person did not engage in purging behavior after eating the dinner. b. The calories come from a variety of food types, often including nutritional foods. c. Others eating the same dinner did not view the amount of food consumed as a "binge." d. The person did not experience a loss of control while eating or feel shame afterward.
D
Nora admits that she's had episodes of uncontrollable eating once or twice a week for the past few months. During these episodes, she feels compelled to eat everything in sight. Afterward, she always vomits so that she won't gain weight. Which other factor would have to be present to meet the diagnostic criteria for bulimia nervosa? a. history of intense dieting b. signs of esophagitis and damage to the teeth c. body weight that is significantly underweight d. extreme concern with one's body shape and weight
D
People who live with food insecurity are particularly at risk for: a. restricting-type anorexia nervosa. b. binge-eating/purging-type anorexia nervosa. c. bulimia nervosa. d. binge-eating disorder.
D