Chapter 10 APES

Subsidize Local ranching

All of the following are sustainable practices for forest use and maintenance EXCEPT

increase in biodiveristy

All of the following would result in an area that was recently clear cut EXCEPT

promotes economic growth, damages nearby rivers and fisheries, builds more roads leading to fragmentation

Allowing logging in US National Forests

strip cutting

Allows for sustain timber yield w/o massive destruction; goes with contour, cut a narrow region

buffer zone

Areas around edges can be used sustainably; helps protect inner core of reserve

biodiversity hotspot

Areas especially rich in plant species found nowhere else, in great danger of extinction

nature reserve

Areas set up with a protected inner core for wildlife surrounded by more multi use buffer zones

life raft ecosystem

Areas w/ high poverty, needs ecosys services but being degraded, this threaten human well being

Restoration

Converting a mid-western farm back to original prairie grassland Return the degraded habitat or ecosystem to a condition as similar as possible to natural state

Rehabilitation

Covering a landfill with topsoil and planting with vegetation Turn degraded ecosys into functional/useful ecosys without restoring to original

creating artificial ecosystem

Creating a man-made wetland to help treat sewage

selective cutting

Cutting the intermediate-aged trees in an uneven-aged forest is referred to as:

preservation

Demand for fuelwood leads to enviro degradation, all have resulted from overuse except

carbon sequestration, aid in aquifer recharge, provide wildlife habitat

Ecosystem services performed by forests include which of the following

reconciliation ecology

Est and maintain new habitats to conserve species div where people live, work, and play - SHARE

clear-cutting

Farmer trying to put max amt of crops on land, would most likely use which method

crown fire

Fire suppression which allows flammable ground litter to accumulate can result in Extremely hot fires that move fast and burn whole trees, worst type of forest fire

surface fire

Fire that usually only burn undergrowth and leaf litter, most mature trees are fine, beneficial

old-growth forest

Forests reached climax community & is relatively undisturbed Uncut or regenerated forest not been seriously disturbed by human activities for long time

tree plantation

Managed area of uniformly aged trees which are grown until commercially viable

tree plantation/tree farm/commercial forest

Managed forest containing only one or two species of trees of same age, some + and - aspects

pastures

Managed grasslands or fenced meadows for domesticated grasses and forage crops

Overgrazing

Occurs when too many animals graze for too long, damages grasses and roots, then more problems

soil erosion

One effect of our overgrazing of the natural rangelands is

overuse of junk mail

One factor that results in unnecessary waste of wood in the US is

Rotational Grazing of cattle

One of the most common methods for sustainable management of rangeland is

habitat corridor

Protected the area allows the migration of The farmer & pop to MOVE/MIGRATE from one area to another. Protected areas between isolated reserves, helps support more species, migration, large ranges

replacement

Replace degraded ecosys with another type. EX - degraded forest into pasture or tree plantation

second-growth forest

Stand of trees resulting from secondary ecological succession

deforestation

Temporary or permanent removal of large expanses of forest for agri, settlements, or other uses

Russian Federation

The largest area of old-growth forest in the world is located in

logging, clearing for fuelwood, slash-burn for subsistence agri & cattle

Tropical deforestation is caused by

wilderness lands

Undeveloped lands that have been set aside as reserves by being roadless; are limited to hikers. Officially designated as natural area, not been seriously disturbed by humans

rangelands

Unfenced grasslands supply forage or vegetation for grazers

debt-for-nature swaps, conservation concessions

Way to make it financially attractive for countries to protect their tropical forests

Popularity and its impact

What is the overall largest problem facing most US national parks?

clear land for mining

Which of the following is NOT a cause for tropical deforestation?

replanting a destroyed area back to natural state

Which of the following would be an example of restoration of disturbed lands?

Tropical rainforests have much higher biodiv than temp forests

Why is deforest in trop RF more devastating to the global enviro than deforest in temp forests?

industrial wood

Wood for lumber and paper

5% & 20%

______% of land strictly protected from harmful human activities; ______% biologists want protected

kenaf and hemp, rice straw and agri residues

alternatives to using trees for paper.

Ecological restoration

repairing damage caused to the biodiv of natural ecosys

fuelwood or biofuel

using wood for cooking and heating