Chapter 10 Blood

Normal blood pH falls in a range between ____ to ____. 7.1; 7.2 7.35; 7.45 7.6; 7.75 7.85; 8.05

7.35; 7.45

A person with type B blood can receive blood from blood type(s) ____. AB, B B, O A, B, AB, O B, O, AB

B, O

A person with type B blood can receive blood from blood type(s) ________. B, O A, B, AB, O AB, B B, O, AB

B, O

Molly has blood type A and her daughter has blood type B. Why can't Molly donate blood to her daughter? Blood types A and B will coagulate during a transfusion. Mothers cannot donate blood to their daughters. Blood type B contains anti-A antibodies, which will agglutinate with type A blood. Blood transfusions cannot be performed among relatives. Only fathers can donate blood to their daughters.

Blood type B contains anti-A antibodies, which will agglutinate with type A blood.

What is the cause of the physiologic jaundice seen in some newborns? The low oxygen content of blood causes the skin to have a yellowish hue. The lack of iron in the newborn's diet limits the production of RBCs. The bone marrow is unable to produce new RBCs. Liver is too immature to handle the breakdown products of hemoglobin if fetal RBCs are rapidly destroyed.

Liver is too immature to handle the breakdown products of hemoglobin if fetal RBCs are rapidly destroyed.

Which of these indicates leukocytosis? WBC count higher than 11,000 cells/mm3 WBC count between 5-10,000 cells/mm3 hemoglobin value less than 12mg/100 ml blood WBC count lower than 4,000 cells/mm3

WBC count higher than 11,000 cells/mm3

A persistent clot in an unbroken blood vessel is known as ____. an embolus polycythemia hemophilia a thrombus leukopenia

a thrombus

A persistent clot in an unbroken blood vessel is known as ________. an embolus polycythemia a thrombus leukopenia hemophilia

a thrombus

Physiologic jaundice occurring in newborns results from ________. erythrocyte mutations accumulation of destroyed fetal red blood cells a diseased gallbladder that needs to be removed vitamin deficiencies bone marrow disorders

accumulation of destroyed fetal red blood cells

The process whereby the binding of antibodies to antigens causes RBCs to clump is called ____. hemostasis coagulation agglutination clotting cascade hemolysis

agglutination

When antibodies bind to antigens on foreign blood types, clumping or ____ occurs. coagulation hematopoiesis agglutination alkalosis

agglutination

Hemolysis most likely will occur when ____. an Rh negative person receives the first transfusion of blood that is Rh positive any person receives blood type O during a transfusion an Rh positive person receives the first transfusion of blood that is Rh negative an Rh negative person receives the second transfusion of blood that is Rh positive platelets cling to the ruptured endothelium of a blood vessel

an Rh negative person receives the second transfusion of blood that is Rh positive

A decrease in the oxygen-carrying ability of the blood, for any reason, is a condition known as ____. polycythemia leukemia anemia leukocytosis

anemia

condition in which the blood cannot carry sufficient oxygen

anemia

react with antigens and inactivates them

antibodies

A substance that stimulates the immune system to release antibodies is the ____. antigen antibody interleukin fibrinogen prothrombin activator

antigen

Substances that the body recognizes as foreign are called ____. antigens antibodies formed elements megakaryocytes

antigens

foreign molecules in the body

antigens

Which blood type(s) can a person with blood type O receive? blood type A blood type B blood type AB blood type O blood types A, B, AB, or O

blood type O

Which of these blood types carries no antigens? blood type A blood type B blood type AB blood types A, B, and AB blood type O

blood type O

The ion essential for blood clotting is ____. sodium calcium iodine potassium hydrogen

calcium

The formation of an insoluble clot during hemostasis is termed ____. agglutination coagulation hematopoiesis positive chemotaxis diapedesis

coagulation

Which formed element is the most abundant in blood? erythrocyte eosinophil platelet basophil lymphocyte

erythrocyte

The rate of erythrocyte production is controlled by a hormone known as ____. erythropoietin insulin growth hormone aldosterone

erythropoietin

Erythropoietin is released to stimulate platelet production in response to inadequate amounts of oxygen in the blood. True False

false

Polycythemia arises from an excess or abnormal increase in the number of white blood cells. true false

false

During coagulation, long, hairlike molecules known as ____ form the basis for a clot. thrombin prothrombin fibrin fibrinogen

fibrin

Which of the following insoluble fibers forms a mesh network and the basis for the formation of a clot during coagulation? thrombin albumin hemoglobin fibrinogen fibrin

fibrin

strands of protein involved in clotting

fibrin

White blood cells containing granules and lobed nuclei are classified as ____. agranulocytes granulocytes thrombocytes neutrophils

granulocytes

The two major groups of white blood cells are ____. leukocytes and erythrocytes platelets and megakaryocytes neutrophils and basophils granulocytes and agranulocytes granulocytes and leukocytes

granulocytes and agranulocytes

The percentage of erythrocytes in blood is known as the ____. hematocrit buffy coat hemoglobin plasma

hematocrit

Which cell the precursor of all types of blood-formed elements? myeloid stem cell hemocytoblast megakaryocytes lymphoid stem cell

hemocytoblast

iron containing molecule in red blood cells

hemogloblin

Hereditary bleeding disorders that result from lack of clotting factors are referred to as ____. petechiae hemophilia aplastic anemia thrombocytopneia

hemophilia

Which of the following is a blood clotting disorder? polycythemia hemophilia leukocytosis leukopenia anemia

hemophilia

The process by which bleeding is stopped is called ____. hematopoiesis erythropoiesis homeostasis hemostasis

hemostasis

Low levels of oxygen in the blood stimulate the release of erythropoietin by the ________. kidneys pancreas spleen stomach hypothalamus

kidneys

Erythrocytes ____. possess lobed nuclei and cytoplasmic granules lack a nucleus and most organelles are the least common of all formed elements travel by diapedesis through the walls of vessels clot blood

lack a nucleus and most organelles

cancer of the bone marrow

leukemia

Abnormally low levels of white blood cells causes a condition known as ____. leukocytosis anemia thrombocytopenia leukopenia

leukopenia

The organ largely responsible for the synthesis of clotting factors is the ____. pancreas thyroid liver spleen kidneys

liver

returns tissue fluid to the blood

lymphatic system

Which type of granulocyte produces antibodies? eosinophils basophils neutrophils lymphocytes monocytes

lymphocytes

white blood cells which produce antibodes

lymphocytes

Platelets are fragments of a multinucleate cell known as a ____. megakaryocyte erythrocyte reticulocyte monocyte

megakaryocyte

Platelets are fragments of multinucleate cells called ____. erythrocytes eosinophils basophils megakaryocytes macrophages

megakaryocytes

The matrix of blood is called ____. buffy coat plasma erythrocytes lymphocytes formed elements

plasma

liquid part of the blood

plasma

The application of a sterile gauze to a cut aids with ____. platelet plug formation the release of tissue factor the formation of fibrin coagulation vascular spasms

platelet plug formation

The application of a sterile gauze to a cut aids with ________. vascular spasms coagulation the formation of fibrin platelet plug formation the release of tissue factor

platelet plug formation

cell fragments involved in clotting

platelets

Life at a high altitude can lead to a red blood cell disorder known as ____. anemia polycythemia leukocytosis leukemia

polycythemia

Which of the following red blood cell disorders may result from life at a higher altitude? aplastic anemia sickle cell anemia pernicious anemia polycythemia hemolytic anemia

polycythemia

Where does hematopoiesis produce new red blood cells? articular cartilage epiphyseal line yellow bone marrow red bone marrow synovial membrane

red bone marrow

Which anemia is caused by a genetic mutation? hemolytic anemia aplastic anemia pernicious anemia sickle cell anemia

sickle cell anemia

Blood is ____. acidic cooler than body temperature sweet tasting composed mostly of white blood cells and platelets slightly alkaline

slightly alkaline

Which of the following conditions is NOT characterized by excessive bleeding? thrombosis leukemia hemophilia All of these conditions are characterized by excessive bleeding.

thrombosis

Why do you think Mrs. Gonzalez was prescribed heparin, an anticoagulant? to enhance hematopoiesis to inhibit release of erythropoietin to enhance the formation of clots to increase vascular spasms to inhibit the formation of clots

to inhibit the formation of clots

Treatment of hemophilia often involves ____. transfusion of plasma and vitamin K supplements injections of missing clotting factors and vitamin B12 injections vitamin K supplements only transfusion of plasma or injections of missing clotting factor vitamin K supplements and vitamin B12 injections

transfusion of plasma or injections of missing clotting factor

Erythrocytes make up the majority of the formed elements. true false

true

The amount of hemoglobin contained within a RBC determines its capability to transport oxygen. true false

true

The primary job of erythrocytes is to transport oxygen. true false

true

Vascular spasms, a part of process of hemostasis, limit blood loss during blood vessel injury. true false

true

Which one of the following represents the proper sequence of hemostasis? platelet plug formation, coagulation, vascular spasm vascular spasm, coagulation, platelet plug formation coagulation, vascular spasm, platelet plug formation vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation coagulation, platelet plug formation, vascular spasm

vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation

Bleeding disorders often result from a lack of which one of the following vitamins ____. vitamin B12 vitamin A vitamin C vitamin D vitamin K

vitamin K

The average functional lifespan of an RBC is ________. 20-30 days one year 50-75 days 100-120 days the body's lifetime

100-120 days

Each hemoglobin molecule is able to transport ____ molecules of oxygen. 1 (one) 2 ( two) 3 (three) 4 (four)

4 (four)

The process by which white blood cells travel through the wall of blood vessels is termed ____. diffusion diapedesis filtration chemotaxis

diapedesis