Chapter 10: Democracy in America, 1815—1840

Identify the candidates for the presidency in the election of 1824.

correct: -Andrew Jackson -Henry Clay

Identify the statement that describes the American System.

proposed by President Madison, the plan rested on three pillars: a new national bank, a tariff on imported manufactured goods, and federal funding of the building of canals and roads

Identify the statements that describe the life and career of Andrew Jackson.

Jackson was suspicious of banks and paper money and feared that the market revolution was a source of moral decay.

Match the terms from the Bank War controversy to their correct definitions.

currency based only on gold and silver -hard money state banks that were chosen by elected officials to receive federal funds -pet banks paper currency issued by banks -soft money

As property qualifications were lifted as a barrier to participating in American democracy, by what new boundaries were the rights of citizens restricted?

-race -wealth

The Dorr War was a political fight in Rhode Island over the property qualifications required to vote. Place the following descriptions of this event in chronological order.

1. upset with Rhode Island's voting requirements, a group of wage-earning men met at a "people's convention" 2. The people's convention wrote and ratified a new constitution for the state of Rhode Island 3. President John Tyler sent troops to the state 4. The Rhode Island legislature eliminated the property qualification for native born man

Identify the core values and beliefs, as well as interest groups, of the following political parties.

Democrats -believed the government should adopt a hands -off approach to the economy and not award special favors to entrenched economic interests-rural farmers and many slaveholders Whigs -united behind the American System and believed that a protective tariff, a national bank, and aid to internal improvements could guide economic development -businessmen and farmers on the Great Lakes, rivers, and canals, and large plantation owners

Identify the Supreme Court case that held that Indian nations are a distinct people with the right to maintain a separate political identity.

Worcester v. Georgia

Identify the statements that describe the Latin American wars of independence.

correct: -Latin American constitutions were more democratic than the United States Constitution. -The Spanish empire in America eventually dissolved into seventeen different nations. -Many of the South American revolutions started because of unfair political and economic treatment by European imperial powers.

Identify the statements that illustrate the complex relationship between race and voting.

correct: -North Carolina did not disenfranchise its free black community until 1835. -New York removed property qualifications for white voters but raised the requirement for blacks to $250.

The market revolution and political democracy produced a large expansion of the public sphere and an explosion in printing called the "information revolution." Identify the outcomes of the following developments and innovations.

enabled many newspapers to expand their circulation far beyond their places of publication -low postal rates introduced a new style of journalism that appealed to mass audience by emphasizing sensationalism, crime stories, and exposés of official misconduct -New York Sun and New York Herald allowed for greater output and the rise of the mass-circulation "penny-press" -steam power

Jackson's Democrats were firm believers in using the power of the government to legislate a unified moral vision on society, especially "temperance" laws that restricted alcohol use and production.

false

Whigs believed that liberty and power were incompatible and that an activist government was to be avoided at all costs as a grave threat to liberty.

false

Identify the following key terms.

passed by Congress to enforce the federal tariff of 1832 -force act represented a conflict between the federal government and South Carolina -nullification crisis justified South Carolina's arguments for nullification by drawing on the Virginia and Kentucky resolutions of 1798 -Exposition and Protest raised taxes on imported manufactured goods made of wool, as well as raw materials such as iron -tariff of abominations

Monroe's two terms marked an era of one-party government. Identify the term used to describe his tenure.

the Era of Good Feelings

John Quincy Adams announced in his first message to Congress in December 1825 that "the spirit of improvement is abroad in the land." Whom did he believe should be the patron of the "spirit of improvement"?

the federal government

The painting below titled Stump Speaking (1850s) by George Caleb Bingham depicts a candidate in a county election addressing a group of voters. Place the descriptors below to the appropriate parts of the painting that illustrate aspects of political culture during the Age of Jackson

the man making the speech: -Politics had become a spectacle with popular orators hosting huge rallies, parades, and speeches. The man dressed in all black: -In the spirit of democracy, voters were invited to ask questions and make suggestions. The man sitting with the top hat: -Voters of all classes engaged in the democratic process.

Identify the contributions or opinions of the following individuals in the 1820s.

thought that the Missouri controversy had revealed how the issue of slavery could eventually result in civil war -John Quincy Adams persuaded many northerners that the South had too much influence in Washington; the only non-Virginian among the first five presidents of the United States -John Adams viewed the entire Missouri controversy as an attempt by Federalists to revive their party by setting northern and southern Republicans against each other -Thomas Jefferson

As a result of the Dorr War, property qualifications for voting were eliminated for native-born black and white men.

true

What does it reveal about the presidential election of 1824? Match the candidates to their outcomes in the election.

won the largest portion of the popular vote and the electoral vote -Andrew Jackson won a larger portion of the popular vote than William H. Crawford, but received fewer electoral votes -Henry Clay performed strongest in the Northeastern states, including New York, Massachusetts, and Maine -John Quincy Adams

Martin Van Buren was elected president in 1836. Under Van Buren, the hard-money, anti-bank wing of the Democratic Party rose to power.

true

Native Americans from several of the so-called Civilized Tribes spent the 1820s and 1830s in court fighting for their rights to their land through legal means. Match each of the Supreme Court cases below to the correct result.

According to the Court, native peoples could not be given the rights of citizens because they were simply "wards" of the government. -Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831) The ruling in this case proclaimed that Indians were not owners of their land; they merely had a "right of occupancy." -Johnson v. M'Intosh (1823) The Supreme Court ruled that as a distinct people, Native American tribes should be dealt with by the federal government, not state governments. -Worcester v. Georgia (1832)

Identify the statements that describe John Quincy Adams's positions prior to becoming president.

correct: -senator from Massachusetts -United States ambassador to Prussia, Russia, the Netherlands, and Britain

Identify the statements that describe the economic impact of the Panic of 1837.

correct: -After 1837, many farmers, due to declining income from decreased demand, could not pay their mortgages and lost their land. -By 1842, nine states defaulted on their debts, mostly incurred to finance ambitious infrastructure projects.

How was Jackson able to enlarge the powers of the presidency?

correct: -As a political leader, Jackson developed the idea that the president was the sole representative of the people—not Congress. -He enhanced the power of the presidential office even while he was reducing the power of the government as a kind of administrative structure.

Identify the statements that correctly describe the ways in which Latin American rebellions for independence from Spain in the 1810s and 1820s were similar to the North American movement for independence from Great Britain in the 1770s and 1780s.

correct: -Both the North American colonies and the Latin American colonies rebelled against their "mother countries" after periods of relative autonomy. -Latin American colonists resisted the high taxes from Spain the way American colonists had rejected taxation from Great Britain. -Both movements began as claims for greater local autonomy but evolved into full demands for independence.

Identify the statements that describe the relationship between property and voting rights in America.

correct: -By 1860, all but one state had ended property requirements for voting. -As early as 1829, landless men argued that property owners were not the only ones with the knowledge necessary for democratic participation. -Plantation-owning politicians in Virginia resisted demands to end the property-ownership qualification until the 1850s.

Identify the causes of the economic Panic of 1819.

correct: -European demand for American farm goods returned to pre-War of 1812 levels. -The Bank of the United States began to collect on loans, but farmers and businessmen could not repay them. -Demand for western lands plummeted, bankrupting many speculators.

Identify the statements that describe William Henry Harrison, the 1840 Whig candidate for president.

correct: -Harrison's key accomplishment, like Jackson's, was his military success. -Harrison's running mate was John Tyler, former Democrat from Virginia. -Harrison did not have an actual political platform.

What does this image reveal about the important issues John Quincy Adams supported during his campaign?

correct: -It shows the promotion of domestic goods over foreign imports in order to strengthen the young country's economy. -It shows that Adams promoted an economy that balanced industry, commerce, and agriculture.

Based on your understanding of the Bank War, what does this political cartoon reveal about the conflict?

correct: -Jackson and his Democratic allies viewed bankers as evil. -Jackson hated bankers for being "non-producers" and for using their resources to influence political outcomes.

Identify the statements that describe President Andrew Jackson.

correct: -Jackson was accused by his critics of being a tyrant acting above the law, and they used the title "King" as a term of derision. -Opponents of Jackson formed an alliance, and eventually, a political party—"the Whig Party."

James Monroe's two terms as president are sometimes called the "Era of Good Feelings." Identify the statements below that correctly describe this period.

correct: -Monroe was elected almost unanimously and presided over a one-party government. -Monroe's presidency is associated with his definition of American foreign policy, called the Monroe Doctrine. -The eight years of Monroe's tenure had plenty of strife, only instead of two-party politics, controversies were sectional in nature.

Martin Van Buren, a senator from New York, organized the creation of the Democratic Party to get Andrew Jackson elected president in 1828. What justifications did Van Buren give for the creation of the Democratic Party?

correct: -Rather than being dangerous and divisive, as the founding generation had believed, political parties were a necessary and indeed desirable element of political life. -Party competition provided a check on those in power and offered voters a real choice in elections.

Identify each of the statements that are true about Native Americans during the presidency of Andrew Jackson.

correct: -The Creek and Cherokee nations followed legal protocols in order to try to retain their land. -The Indian Removal Act of 1830 rejected the Jeffersonian idea that "civilized" Indians could be assimilated into the American population.

Identify the three main principles of the Monroe Doctrine.

correct: -The United States would oppose any further colonization efforts by the European powers in the Americas. -The United States gave warning to the European powers not to interfere with the newly independent states of Latin America. -The United States would abstain from involvement in the wars of Europe.

In McCulloch v. Maryland, Marshall declared the Second Bank of the United States a legitimate exercise of congressional authority. What was his argument to legitimize the bank?

correct: -The bank was legitimate due to the Constitution's clause that allowed Congress to pass "necessary and proper" laws. -The bank was legitimate because the legislation in this case promoted "the general welfare."

Identify the statements that describe Tocqueville's observations in Democracy in America.

correct: -The idea that sovereignty belongs to the mass of ordinary citizens was a new departure in Western thought. -Freedom in the young democracy was connected to belief in equality, an active public sphere, and a shared goal to improve society.

Identify the statements that correctly describe the tariff of 1816 and its context.

correct: -The law admitted imported goods that could not be produced in the United States tax-free. -The law protected American-made goods by taxing similar goods from abroad.

What does this map reveal about the Missouri Compromise and slavery in the United States in 1820?

correct: -The northeastern coast of the country, from Maine to New Jersey, was comprised entirely of free states and territories. -Present-day North and South Dakota, which were part of the unorganized territory, were both closed to slavery.

What facts about the presidential election of 1824 are reflected in the map below?

correct: -The results reflected continued tensions between different geographic regions. -The outcome laid the groundwork for a new system of political parties.

Which of the following statements accurately describe the 1828 presidential election and its outcome?

correct: -The results represented a sea change in American political life. -The campaign of 1828 was consumed with personal attacks and accusations made by supporters of both candidates.

Even though John Tyler was a Whig, Whig newspapers quickly started referring to him as "His Accidency" and "The Executive Ass." Why was Tyler so disliked by members of his own party?

correct: -Tyler vetoed the creation of a new national bank. -Tyler vetoed a higher tariff.

Identify the statements that describe Indian Removal under the Van Buren administration.

correct: -While southern tribes peacefully departed, Seminoles living in Florida resisted. -The forced march of the Cherokee to Oklahoma became known as the "Trail of Tears," which inevitably led to the deaths of an estimated 4,000 Indians.

Identify the statements that were given to justify the disenfranchisement of women.

correct: -Women were too "pure" to be "contaminated" by politics. -Women were too prone to be swayed by passion.

Identify the initiatives that led to the Democrats' success at the national level.

correct: -reduced government expenditures -lowered the tariff