Chapter 10

T/F: Antibiotics are the preferred treatment for colds?

False

Which of the following will happen when someone holds his or her breath?

The PCO2 will increase

T/F: Surfactant is released to reduce surface tension in the alveoli?

True

An increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the body causes?

a decrease in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid

In the blood, O2 is transported primarily ________, whereas CO2 is transported primarily _______.

as oxyhemoglobin; as bicarbonate in plasma

Gas exchange between inhaled air and the blood is accomplished by the what?

alveoli and the pulmonary capillaries

The incomplete cartilage rings of the trachea allow the trachea to?

change diameter to accommodate coughing or heavy breathing

All of the following are involved in the process of breathing EXCEPT which one?

circulatory system

The alveoli...?

consist of a single layer of squamous epithelial cells

Air in the airways that does not participate in gas exchange is known as?

dead space volume

Which of the following is characterized by loss of elasticity in the bronchioles and permanently damaged alveoli?

emphysema

During the ingestion of food or liquid, which one of the following tips to block the opening to the trachea?

epiglottis

The exchange of gases between inhaled air and the blood is called?

external respiration

Carbaminohemoglobin differs from hemoglobin in that carbaminohemoglobin?

is bound to carbon dioxide

During puberty, the increased production of testosterone in males causes the rapid enlargement of which one of the following structures of the respiratory system?

larynx

When air entering the respiratory tract leaves the pharynx, it next enters the?

larynx

External respiration is the process of?

moving gases into or out of the blood stream within lung tissue

Which of the following lists the order of structures through which air will pass during inspiration?

nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

Air spaces in the skull called the ________ drain into the nasal cavity.

sinuses

Most of the carbon dioxide released by cells is transported in the venous supply in what form?

soluble bicarbonate ion

The rate and depth of normal breathing are determined by?

carbon dioxide levels in the blood

The respiratory control center is located?

in the medulla oblongata

The bronchioles are

located between the bronchi and the alveoli

During a cough, what is responsible for constricting the size of the trachea?

smooth muscle

The larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs make up?

the lower respiratory tract

The amount of air that enters and leaves the lungs with each breath is the?

tidal volume