Chapter 10 Muscles

Which of the following is true? A) Muscles that extend and supinate the forearm are all innervated by the radial or deep radial nerves B)The palmaris brevis extends the palm C) The anterior, middle, and posterior scalenes all extend the vertebral column D) Extensors are generally longer and stronger than flexors

A) Muscles that extend and supinate the forearm are all innervated by the radial or deep radial nerves

Which of the following is true concerning the quadriceps femoris?

All four heads function to flex the thigh ??

The rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis all have one function in common. What is it?

All function to compress the abdomen

Which of the following muscles does not have an action that is antagonistic to the action of the brachialis muscle?

Brachioradialis

Each of the following terms is a descriptive term for a muscle's action, except

Buccinator

The Achilles tendon attaches to which anatomical structure?

Calcaneus

The muscle that adducts and flexes at shoulder is the a) Deltoid. b) Coracobrachialis. c) Trapezius. d) Latissimus dorsi. e) Triceps

Coracobrachialis *

In order for skeletal muscles to cause movement they must

Cross at least one joint ??

The transverse abdominis muscle is located ______ to the internal oblique muscle

Deep

Which muscle that crosses the shoulder joint moves the arm in the greatest number of different directions?

Deltoid

Which muscle of respiration is innervated by the phrenic nerve?

Diaphragm

Which of the following muscles is the prime mover for inhalation?

Diaphragm

Which one of these muscles helps to open the mouth (depress the mandible)?

Digastric

A muscle of the floor of the oral cavity that has two origins is the

Digastric muscle *

Muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg

Dorsiflex the foot ??

If you bruised your gluteus maximus, you would expect to experience discomfort when

Extending your lower limb

Which of the following does not originate on the medial epicondyle of the humerus? a) flexor carpi radialis b) flexor carpi ulnaris c) extensor carpi radialis d) palmaris longus

Extensor carpi radialis

The most superficial muscle of the abdominal wall is the rectus abdominis

False (it's the external oblique)

Plantar flexion at the ankle joint is accomplished by the tibialis anterior muscle

False (tibialis anterior does dorsiflexion, posterior plantar flexion) *

The names of the muscles can indicate all of the following except

Fat content of the muscle.

The inferior rami of the pubis and ischium are the origin of the a) Vastus intermedius. b) Gracilis. c) Biceps femoris. d) Piriformis. e) Sartorius.

Gracilis

Paralysis of which of the following would make an individual unable to flex the knee

Hamstring muscles

A common muscle injury in individuals who run hard is to the

Hamstrings

The group of collagen fibers that provide a lateral brace for the knee especially when balancing onone leg is the a) Linea Alba. c) Obturator muscle. e) Tensor fasciae latae. b) Piriformis. d) Iliotibial tract.

Iliotibial Tract

The aponeurosis of the external oblique forms the ______ at its inferior margin

Inguinal ligament

Which of the following is true regarding the Levator scapulae?

It flexes the neck laterally if scapula is fixed ??

In lifting a heavy weight from the floor, one should use the power of the __________ in order to avoid straining the lower back.

Knee and hip extensors

A muscle that inserts on the greater tubercle of the humerus is most likely involved in

Lateral rotation

The ___________ originates on the zygomatic arch and inserts on the angle of the mandible

Masseter

The study of the muscular systems is known as

Myology

The "kissing muscle" that purses the lips is the

Orbicularis oris

The hypoglossus muscle is named after its

Origin and insertion ??

When a nurse draws blood, it is not uncommon for the needle to penetrate which muscle near the cubital region?

Pronator teres

Of the muscles that flex the thigh, the only one that originates on the vertebral column is the

Psoas Major

Unilateral contraction of which muscle causes ipsilateral flexion of the lumbar vertebral column?

Quadratus lumborum ??

The muscle that originate from the superior surface of the pubis around the symphysis is the

Rectus Abdominis

The removal of the trapezius muscle exposes the

Rhomboid and levator scapulae muscles

Muscles of the rotator cuff include all of the following except the

Rhomboideus

The muscle that adducts and rotates glenoid cavity inferiorly is ____. Serratus anterior. Rhomboideus. Subclavius. Pectoralis minor. Teres major

Rhomboideus ??

The spinal processes of the upper thoracic vertebrae are the origin of the Levator scapulae Pectoralis major Supraspinatus. deltoid. Rhomboideus major.

Rhomboideus major

Which muscle is attached to (inserts on) the corners of the mouth?

Risorius

Match the muscle with its correct action Buccinator - elevated corners of nostrils Risorius - draws corner of the mouth to the side Platysma - compresses cheeks Occipitofrontalis - tenses skin of the neck

Risorius - draws corner of the mouth to the side

Longest muscle in the body

Sartorius

The only knee flexor that originates superior to the acetabulum is the a) Iliopsoas. b) Biceps femoris. c) Sartorius. d) Gracilis. e) Semimembranosus.

Sartorius

Which muscles originates on the iliac spine and inserts on the medial surface of the tibia

Sartorius

Which of the following muscles does not belong to the "hamstrings" muscle group?

Sartorius

Which of the following muscles is involved in crossing one leg over the other while sitting?

Sartorius

longest muscle in the human body

Sartorius

In a whiplash injury, the neck undergoes forced hyperextension then hyperflexion, injuring multiple muscles in the neck. Which of the following muscles would be injured during the hyperextension phase of the injury?

Sternocleidomastoid

The muscles that inserts on the coronoid process of the mandible is the

Temporalis

Which of the following muscles of mastication would be responsible for mandibular elevation?

Temporalis ??

The origin is

The attachment of a muscle tendon to a stationary bone ??

The origin of the flexor hallucis longus is a) The lateral condyle of the tibia and head of the fibula. b) Above the femoral condyles. c) The posterior surface of the medial condyle of the tibia. d) The posterior surface of the fibula. e) The lateral condyle of the tibia and anterior surface of the fibula.

The posterior surface of the fibula

Which of the following is true of joints that are first-class levers?

Their mechanical advantage may be either greater or less than 1.0

Which of the following is true of synergistic muscle groups?

They contract together for coordinated movement

Which of the following muscles is not externally visible on the trunk of the body?

Transverse abdominal

The muscle that inserts on the acromion and scapular spine is the a) Sternocleidomastoid. b) Pectoralis minor. c) Trapezius. d) Serratus anterior. e) Levator scapulae

Trapezius

Which of the following extensors of the head is the most superficial?

Trapezius ??

The muscle that extends the arm while doing push-ups is the a) Pectorals. b) Deltoid. c) Biceps. d) Brachialis e) Triceps.

Triceps

The mastoid process attachment of the sternocleidomastoid muscle represents its insertion

True

Each of the following muscles acts to flex the leg except the

Vastus lateralis

The preferred site for intramuscular (IM) injections in infants and children is the

Vastus lateralis

Which cranial nerve innervates the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius?

accessory nerve

The medial compartment of the thigh contains muscles that _____ the thigh

adduct

Damage to the pectoralis major would interfere with a person's ability to

adduct humerus

Name all the muscles that adduct the femur

adductor brevis, longus, and magnus; pectineus; semitendinosus, semimembranosus

Which of the following muscles is in the medial compartment of the thigh?

adductor longus ??

A muscle which functions as the prime mover is called a(n)

agonist

What term best describes the relationship between the pronator teres and supinator?

antagonists

Which of these is a first class lever

atlanto-occipital joint

The antagonist for the triceps brachii is the

biceps brachii

Which of the following does not originate on the humerus? Biceps brachii Brachialis Brachioradialis Both B and C

biceps brachii

Name all the muscles that flex the elbow

biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis

Name all the muscles that abduct the humerus

biceps brachii, supraspinatus, deltoid ?

A runner suffers a pulled hamstring. Which of the following muscles might be involved?

biceps femoris ??

An Olympic sprinter readies for a race. After the sound of the starting gun, he propels himself forward from the starting block and immediately grimaces in pain, grabbing for the back of his thigh. Within 48 hours he begins noticing extensive bruising on the back of his thigh extending into the back of the knee. He now has difficulty rising from a seated position and flexing his knee. Bending at the waist generates more pain. Which muscle is likely injured?

biceps femoris ??

Name all the muscles that extend the hip

biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus

A(n) ________ is a muscle whose contraction is chiefly responsible for producing a particular movement.

both A and B (both agonist and prime mover) *

Name all the muscles that originate from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus

brachioradialis, anconeus, extensor capri radialis brevis and longus, extensor digitorum, extensor carpi ulnaris, supinator

A nursing infant develops a powerful sucking muscle that adults also use for whistling or blowing a trumpet called the:

buccinator

Tom, a trumpet player, asks you which muscles he should develop in order to be a better trumpeter. What would you tell him?

buccinator and orbicularis oris

The Achilles tendon attaches (inserts) on the

calcaneus

A muscle that inserts on the body of the mandible is probably involved in

chewing

Muscles that act as valves to open and close openings are ________ muscles

circular

Part of the insertion of the trapezius muscle is on the __________

clavicle

Name all the muscles that adduct the humerus

coracobrachialis, long head of triceps brachii

Which of the following is the insertion of the pectoralis minor? the mastoid region of the skull the coracoid process of the scapula the clavicle and scapula the occipital bone of the skull the vertebral border near the spine

coracoid process of scapula

The major abductor muscle of the upper arm is the a) Deltoid. b) Coracobrachialis. c) Supraspinatus. d) Teres major. e) Subscapularis.

deltoid

The only muscle that originates on both the clavicle and the scapula is the

deltoid

Which of the following describes the action of the diagastricus?

depresses the mandible or elevates the hyoid *

Excessive gastric pressure (pressure in the stomach) could cause a(n)

diaphragmatic hernia

While sitting at your desk, you drop your pencil onto the floor. You bend over to pick up the pencil. In order to straighten up and continue your exam you must use which of the following muscles?

erector spinae

Muscles that insert on the olecranon process of the ulna probably act to

extend forearm

What is the function of the anterior leg muscles

extend the knee, flex the hip joint, lateral rotation of tibia

What is the function of the medial thigh muscles

extend the knee; flex and medial rotate the leg; flex, abduct and laterally rotate the thigh; adduct and flex thigh

Tennis elbow is a common term describing injury to which of the following?

extensor carpi radialis

Name all the muscles that extend the hand

extensor carpi radialis longus extensor carpi radialis brevis extensor carpi ulnaris extensor digitorum

Name all the muscles that dorsiflex the foot

extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, tibialis anterior

Damage to which of the following would interfere with the ability to breathe in?

external intercostals

Superficial muscles that position or stabilize an organ are called

extrinsic

What separates groups of muscles

fascia

Muscle fibers are arranged in bundles called

fascicles

Name all the muscles that evert the foot

fibularis brevis and longus

Muscles that hold the scapula firmly in place while the forearm moves are called the

fixators

Jill suffers a severe cut that severs the tendon that attaches the insertion of the flexor carpi ulnaris. As a result of this injury, what action is difficult for her to perform?

flex and adduct her palm

The hamstring muscles act to

flex leg, extend thigh ??

Contraction of the muscle that is attached to the ulnar tuberosity results in

flexion of forearm

Name all the muscles that flex the hand

flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, palmaris longus

Carpal tunnel pressure is sometimes relieved by surgically excising part or all of which structure?

flexor retinaculum

To produce horizontal wrinkles in the forehead, which of the following muscles is involved?

frontalis

Name all the muscles innervated by the facial nerve

frontalis, occipitalis, orbicularis oculi, orbicularis oris, buccinator, levator labii superioris, zygomaticus major and minor, depressor labii inferioris, mentalis, risorius, depressor anguli oris, platysma, digastric posterior belly, stylohyoid

Name the muscles of facial expression

frontalis, occipitalis, orbicularis oculi, orbicularis oris, buccinator, levator labii superioris, zygomaticus major and minor, depressor labii inferioris, mentalis, risorius, depressor anguli oris, platysma, digastric posterior belly, stylohyoid

The occipitalis and frontalis are connected via the

galea aponeurotica

The origin of the frontalis muscle is the

galea aponeurotica

The muscle that inserts on the iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity of the femur is the a) Gluteus medius. b) Piriformis. c) Gluteus maximus. d) Gluteus minimus. e) Tensor fasciae latae

gluteus maximus

Name all the muscles that abduct the femur

gluteus maximus, medius, minimus; piriformis; biceps femoris

The main muscle that steady the pelvis during walking is the _________________.

gluteus medius

Name all the muscles that flex the knee

gracilis, sartorius, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, popliteus, gastrocnemius

The infraspinatus has its insertion on the a) Greater tubercle of the humerus. b) Vertebral border near the spine. c) Tuberosity of the radius. d) Lesser tubercle and intertubercular groove of the humerus. e) Clavicle and scapula.

greater tubercle of humerus

The masseter muscle is located in the

head

Name all the muscles that flex the hip

iliacus, psosa major, tensor fasciae latae, rectus femoris, sartorius

Paralysis of which of the following would make an individual unable to flex the high on the hip

iliopsoas and rectus femoris

The adductor brevis has its origin on the a) Iliac fossa of the ilium. b) Anterolateral surface of the sacrum. c) Inferior ramus of the pubis. d) Linea aspera of the femur. e) Iliac crest.

inferior ramus of pubis

Name the rotator cuff muscles

infraspinatus, supraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

Muscles located entirely within an organ are called

intrinsic

Which of the following is the origin of the supinator? a) base of the second metacarpal b) infraglenoid tuberosity of the scapula c) lateral epicondyle of the humerus d) medial epicondyle of the humerus e) Olecranon process of the ulna

lateral epicondyle of humerus

A muscle that moves the lower jaw and that is named after its origin is the

lateral pterygoid

Which of the following does not compress the abdomen?

latissimus dorsi

The serratus anterior is innervated by which nerve?

long thoracic nerve

The _____ muscle is the strongest jaw muscle

masseter

Which of the following is not a muscle of facial expression?

masseter

Name the muscles of mastication

masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid

Name all the muscles innervated by the trigemjnal neeve

masseter, temporalis, pterygoid (medial and lateral),. digastric anterior belly, mylohyoid

The splenius inserts on the

mastoid process and occipital bone *

Movement of the lower lip in a pouting position, elevated and protruded is caused by the action of the

mentalis muscle

An adductor muscle

moves a part of the body toward the midline

The strength and stability of the shoulder joint is provided by the

muscles and tendons of the rotator cuff

A muscle of the head that is divided into two parts, separated by an aponeurosis is the

occipitofrontalis (epicranius)

Muscles that extend the elbow attach to the

olecranon process

After taking their wedding vows, a bride and groom often ceremonially use which of the following muscles before walking away from the altar?

orbicularis oris

An example of a circular muscle is the

orbicularis oris

All of the following originate on the scapula, except the a) Pectoralis major. b) Teres minor. c) Teres major. d) Supraspinatus. e) Subscapularis

pectoralis major

Which muscle acting on the arm assists in deep inspiration?

pectoralis major

Name all the muscles that flex the shoulder

pectoralis major, biceps brachii, coracobrachialis

Which muscle of the pectoral girdle acts as an accessory muscle of inspiration?

pectoralis minor

Antagonistic muscle groups

perform opposite functions??

A clinician induces contraction of the gastrocnemius and soleus and notices that the foot does not plantar flex as expected. Which of the following would be a logical diagnosis?

peroneal nerve injury

A skateboarder falls and lands directly on his buttocks and lower back. He does not feel too much pain and so he continues skating. After a couple of days, he begins experiencing right hip pain and notices his right foot and leg are rotated to the right. A doctor diagnoses muscle spasm. Which of the following muscles is most likely causing the leg and foot rotation?

piriformis

The _____ covers the anterior surface of the neck

platysma

Which broad, flat muscle covers the mandible and the sides of the throat region?

platysma

A skydiver's parachute fails to deploy. After some struggle, his reserve chute deploys in time to save his life. However, his landing is harder than normal, and he feels his knee slightly hyperextend. He shakes it off and goes about his normal routine. Later that day he begins experiencing knee pain. Two days later he notices that his knee "pops" when he crouches and son discovers he has dislocated his femur on the knee. what muscle was likely injured initially?

popliteus

Which of the following terms could be used with a muscle that is associated with the leg? Genio Costalis Nuchal Cleido Popliteus

popliteus

Deep muscles are called

profundus

Name all the muscles that originate from the medial epicondyle of the humerus

pronator teres, flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor carpi radialis palmaris longus

Which of the following describes the action of the serratus anterior? lateral rotation of the humerus adducts the arm protracts the shoulder, rotates the scapula so glenoid cavity moves superiorly medial rotation of the humerus adducts and flexes the humerus

protracts shoulder, rotates scapula so glenoid cavity moves superiorly

The iliac crest is the origin of the

quadratus lumborum

Which of the following is not a muscle of the hamstring group?

quadriceps femoris

The biceps brachii muscle attaches to the radius at the

radial tuberosity

Muscles with fibers that run parallel to the long axis of the body are called

rectus

During abdominal surgery, the surgeon makes a cut through the muscle directly to the right of the linea alba. The muscle that is being cut is the __________.

rectus abdominis

Which muscles flexes the vertebral column?

rectus abdominis * (quadratus lumborum flexes laterally, rectus abdominis primarily flexes vertebral column)

Which of the following muscles flexes the thigh at the hip

sartorius

All of the following are functions of muscles except

secretion

Tendinitis of the tibialis posterior can result in a painful condition commonly known as:

shin splints

Name all the muscles that plantar flex the foot

soleus, gastrocnemius, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus, tibialis posterior, fibularis brevis, fibularis longus

Which of the following correctly states the origin and insertion of the sternocleidomatoid?

sternal manubrium and medial one-third of clavicle; mastoid process and lateral half of superior nuchal line ?? (yes-- confirmed w/book)

Spasms of this straplike muscle often result in torticollis (wryneck):

sternocleidomastoid

Name all the muscles that flex the neck (head)

sternocleidomastoid, scalenes, levator scapulae

Which of the following does not originate or insert on the hyoid bone?

sternothyroid

Which of the following is not a muscle of the rotator cuff? a) subclavius b) subscapularis c) supraspinatus d) teres minor e) infraspinatus

subclavius *

The origin of the occipitalis muscle is the

superior nuchal line

A baseball pitcher who injures one of his SITS muscles most commonly sustains tears to the tendon of which muscle?

supraspinatus

A muscle that assists the muscle that is primarily responsible for a given action is a(n)

synergist

Which broad, flat muscle originates on the bone over the ears?

temporalis

Name all the muscles that extend the knee

tensor fasciae latae, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius

Muscles that are long and round are termed

teres

Name all the muscles that extend the shoulder

teres major, latissimus dorsi

A general rule about the difference between an origin and an insertion is

the origin remains stationary while the insertion moves

The gracilis muscle is located in the

thigh

After childbirth, a woman begins experiencing tremendous pain in her groin, making it difficult for her to walk. An X-ray shows a fracture extending from her symphysis pubis to the inferior ramus of the pubis. As a result of the fracture, which group of muscles might be impaired?

thigh adductors ??

The muscle that dorsiflexes the foot is the

tibialis anterior

The muscle that opposes the gastrocnemius is the

tibialis anterior

Which of the following muscles is involved in inversion at the ankle joint

tibialis anterior

Name all the muscles that invert the foot

tibialis anterior, tibialis posterior

Tom is having difficulty plantar flexing and inverting his right foot. Which muscle is most likely involved in this problem?

tibialis posterior *

The deepest muscle of the abdominal wall is the

transverse abdominal

Which of the following muscles compresses the abdomen? internal intercostal transverse abdominis transverse thoracis iliopsoas

transverse abdominis

The scalenes have their origin on the

transverse process of cervical vertebrae

The muscles that laterally rotate and depress the scapula, as in shrugging and lowering the shoulders, are the

trapezius and serratus anterior

Name all the muscles that extend the neck

trapezius, splenius capitis, semispinalis capitis

In flexing the forearm at the elbow, the:

triceps brachii acts as antagonist

Name all the muscles that extend the elbow

triceps brachii, anconeus

Which muscle lies deep to the Rectus femoris

vastus intermedius

The muscle that originates along the entire length of the linea aspera of the femur is the

vastus medialis

Which of the following muscles acts to flex and adduct the thigh? a) gluteus maximus b) vastus medialis c) pectineus d) gluteus medius e) popliteus

vastus medialis

The muscles that insert on the tibial tuberosity by way of the patellar ligament include all of the following except the

vastus superioirus

The muscles of the head and neck function in

verbal communication, nonverbal communication, feeding, and controlling the eye ball