Chapter 10
the tendency for people to behave differently when they know they are being studied
Hawthorne effect
what are the three questions employees ask themselves
can i do this will i be rewarded do i like the reward
hygiene maintenance factors include
company policy and administration supervision working conditions interpersonal relations (co-workers) salary, status, and job security
giving employees the authority to make decisions and the tools to implement the decisions they make is called
empowerment
managers should try to avoid problems about
equity
victor vrooms theory that the amount of effort employees exert on a specific task depends on their expectations of the outcome
expectation theory
something given to you by someone else as recognition for good work
extrinsic reward
reinforcement theory states that people are motivated to
increase desired behaviors to avoid punishment receive rewards and avoid punishment
system of goal setting and implementation, it involves a cycle of discussion, review, and evaluation of objectives among top and middle-level managers supervisors and employees
management by objectives
Herzberg studied job related factors as they relate to
motivation
What are the three elements to the scientific management
time method rules of work
studies begun by Frederick Taylor of which tasks must be performed to complete a job and the time needed to do each task
time-motion studies
the principle of scientific management was written by
U.S. efficiency engineer Frederick Taylor
physiological needs
basic survival needs such as the need for food water and shelter
the absence of certain factors from the job environment will cause
dissatisfaction
Ouchi's Type J
implicit informal controls consensual decision making
Ouchi's type A
individual responsibility explicit controls
feeling personal satisfaction refers to what type of reward
intrinsic reward
combining a series of tasks into challenging and interesting assignment
job enlargement
a motivational strategy that emphasizes motivating the worker though the job itself
job enrichment
moving a worker from one job to another training in new skills as needed
job rotation
an assumption made by a Theory Y manager would be that workers _____ work
like
another name for hygiene factors is
maintenance factors
gives people action
motivation
job enrichment focuses on enhancing the elements most closely related to herzberg's _______ or higher level needs as defined in his theory
motivators
esteem needs
need for recognition and acknowledgment from others as well as self respect and a sense of status or importance
self actualization needs
need to develop to ones fullest potential
Maslows theory states that once needs are met they
no longer motivate
What makes up Maslow's Hierarchy of needs
physiological needs safety needs social needs esteem needs self actualization needs
studying workers to find the most efficient ways of doing things then teaching people those techniques
scientific management
what are the characteristics of job enrichment
skill variety task identity task significance autonomy feedback
an assumption made by a theory X manager about people is
the primary motivator is fear
taylors scientific management became the dominate strategy for improving ________ in early twentieth century
productivity
positive and negative reinforces applied to motivate a person to behave in a certain way
reinforcement theory
the management by objectives system is most effective in ________ situations that allow long range planning
stable
social needs
the need to feel loved accepted and part of the group
safety needs
the need to feel secure at work and at home
