Chapter 10
The average hourly pay of U.S. workers has increased by nearly $16 since 1970. However, when adjusted for inflation, workers are currently making only _________ an hour more than they were 40 years ago.
$0.62
Political action committees spend about _________ to influence legislation each year.
$500 million
The poorest fifth of Americans earns approximately ____________ percent of the entire country's income.
3
Which of the following is one of the three essential conditions of war espoused by sociologist Nicholas Timasheff?
A cultural tradition of war
What condition had to exist before members of a society could create a permanent or semi-permanent place to live?
A surplus of food that could be distributed and exchanged
Which of the following is most likely to vote for the Republican candidate for president?
A white upper-middle-class male with an M.B.A.?? A middle-class African American with a graduate degree??
Which of the following demonstrates that the United States does not have laissez-faire capitalism?
All new business must apply for a license and state tax number
____________ is a condition of lawlessness or political disorder caused by the absence or lack of governmental authority.
Anarchy
Why do some people believe that the dislocation of jobs created by the globalization of capitalism is simply a temporary solution?
As the economies of the Least Industrialized Nations improve, workers will be better compensated
________ is power that people consider legitimate.
Authority
Which of the following is the best definition for traditional authority?
Authority that is based on a person's traits?? Authority that is based on law?? Authority that is based on custom??
Which of the following best describes the major differences between the belief systems of capitalism and socialism?
Capitalists believe that profits are good, while socialists believe that they are immoral
The fact that a majority of amabassadors appointed by the president come from the ruling class supports which perspective on government?
Conflict
The influence that the ruling class exerts on the U.S. government illustrates which perspective on government?
Conflict
According to research by sociologist Marc Sageman, what best characterizes the profile of the suicide terrorist?
Convinced of the justice of their cause
Since 1992, women have been more likely to vote for the ___________ candidate for president.
Democratic
Steve, and Asian American, earned a Ph.D. from a prestigious university and is currently working as a college professor. Which party's candidate did Steve most likely vote for in the most recent presidential election?
Democratic
Although functionalists and conflict theorists disagree about who controls the U.S. political system and why, data tends to support the functionalist theory.
False
Based on the shifting distribution of wealth in the United States, the nation's richest individuals are being adversely affected by the globalization of capitalism.
False
Coercion is the forceful use of legitimate power.
False
In an economic system characterized by the public ownership of the means of production, prices are determined based on competition and a desire for profits.
False
The globalization of capitalism is a purely economic event.
False
Women have always been more likely to vote for the Republican presidential candidate.
False
The world's new economic structure has had a negative impact on the income of the nation's wealthiest individuals.
False; Economic inequality has grown and the nation's wealthiest 20% now make over 50% of the nation's income
Authority is the assertion of power, legitimate or illegitimate.
False; Only the power that people consider legitimate
One characteristic of the industrial society is a global village, in which nations are linked by fast communication.
False; global village is a characteristic of the postindustrial society
The globalization of capitalism has created a new world structure that is dominated by a multitude of small clusters of trading partners.
False; the new structure has only 3 primary trading blocs
Which of the following groups of people are most likely to claim that pluralism prevents the U.S. government from turning against its citizens?
Functionalists
___________ think a combination of pluralism and checks and balances serves to keep the U.S. government from gaining too much power.
Functionalists
Which of the following did Nicholas Timasheff NOT identify as a "fuel" of war?
Genetics
Which of the following describes a benefit of the globalization of capitalism?
Greater productivity and lower prices
Which country has pure capitalism?
None
What is the difference between the terms "power elite" and "ruling class"?
Nothing
___________ is the diffusion of political power among many interest groups that prevents any single group from gaining control.
Pluralism
Which of the following is an example of rational-legal authority?
Police authority in the United States
__________ is one of the seven "fuels" that Nicholas Timasheff identified as essential conditions of war.
Position
Why do some people believe that the discipline of jobs created by the globalization of capitalism is simply a temporary solution?
Productivity will eventually fall in the Least Industrialized Nations and jobs will shift again??
__________ is a type of authority that it based on written rules and regulations.
Rational-legal authority
What is another name for "welfare capitalism"?
State capitalism
In the United States, what trend signified a move toward a postindustrial society?
The ascent of white-collar work?? The increase in conspicuous consumption?? The use of science to create new food??
What do functionalists believe prevents the U.S. government from turning against its citizens?
The diffusion of power among many special interest groups; pluralism
Which of the following events supports the author's suggestion of an approaching New World Order?
The emergence of the Group of 8 (G8) as an economic policy maker
Many recent developments have signaled the coming of a New World Order. Which of the following supports this theory?
The free trade agreement between the United States and Colombia
Which of the following is an indication that we might be moving toward a New World Order?
The overthrow of dictators in the Middle East and Africa?? Iran's attempt to become a nuclear superpower?? The creation of the World Court by the UN??
Which of the following is an example of democratic socialism?
The state and private citizens produce goods, with the government owning essential services
Who suggested the concept of "conspicuous consumption" in 1912?
Thorstein Veblen
Changes in the political structure are inevitable, as the dominance of any nation eventually comes to an end.
True
Charismatic authority is based on an individual's outstanding traits, such as Joan of Arc.
True
Conflict theorists believe that even when trying to solve the problems that their businesses face, the ruling class determines the policies of the United States.
True
People know how the next leader of their country will be chosen under rational-legal authority.
True
Third parties are doomed to failure in the United States because they are either too centrist or too radical.
True
One reason that many highly educated people do not vote in U.S. elections is voter apathy.
True; indifference has led to many people with a large stake in the outcome of elections to refrain from voting
Functionalists and conflict theorists disagree about who rules the United States and why. Which perspective is correct?
Ultimately, we don't yet know, there is data to support both perspectives
____________ is the idea that everyone has the same basic rights because they were born in a particular country.
Universal citizenship
In 2004, China passed a constitutional amendment that made the private ownership of land legal and provided protections for these landowners. The adoption of this key capitalist principle supports __________.
a global economy?? the convergence theory??
One characteristic of the postindustrial society is ___________, in which nations are linked by fast communication.
a global village
War is a tool that is used to ___________.
accomplish political goals??
Individuals who feel that they have less to gain from the political system are less likely to vote due to a sense of _________.
alienation
The Democratic candidate for president is most likely to receive a vote from which of the following people?
an upper-middle-class Asian American with a graduate degree
The development of genetically modified crops is an indication that we are heading into a new ___________.
biotech society
In an economy based on _________, production levels and pricing are based on competition.
capitalism
Pastoral societies are societies that have built their lives around __________.
caring for animals
One characteristic of __________ authority, is that people do not know who their next leader will be.
charismatic
A popular high school student convinces a large group of students that the recent extension of the school day is unfair. She organizes a student walkout one afternoon as a protest of this change. Her power is an example of ____________.
charismatic authority
Because it made government responsive to the people, the idea of representative democracy based on ____________ is revolutionary.
citizenship
The progression of political systems can broadly be characterized by which of the following?
city, city-state, state
The author suggests that former capitalist nations could adopt features of socialism, while former socialist nations adopt features of capitalism. This theory is referred to as __________.
convergence
The development of democratic socialism in countries like Sweden and Denmark supports the _______ theory.
convergence
The development of democratic socialism in countries like Sweden and Denmark supports the _________ theory.
convergence
C. Wright Mills' theory on the power elite supports the criticism that capitalism __________.
creates a small top layer of individuals who control vast political power
Although there are several forms of _________, the word literally means "power to the people".
democracy
In 1996, eligible California voters expressed their opinions and voted to approve the sale of medical marijuana through a ballot initiative process. This is an example of ___________.
direct democracy
The first social revolution was __________.
domestication
The many special interest groups and political action committees that influence the decision-making process of the U.S. government support the _________ perspective on government.
functionalist
A major sign that we are moving towards a biotech society can be seen in our increasing use of ____________.
genetically modified food
The spread of capitalism around the world has created a __________ that has access to the top political circles around the world.
global superclass
Early human groups that built their lives around growing crops are called __________.
horticultural societies; used primitive means to cultivate crops
Socialists believe profits are _________.
immoral
Travel restrictions placed on the citizens of Cuba illustrate the criticism that socialism ___________.
inhibits freedom
After adjustments for inflation, the average hourly pay for U.S. workers ___________.
is roughly the same as it was in 1970??; the average hourly pay for U.S. workers has increased by only $0.62 in 40 years
The idea of citizenship is a revolutionary concept because __________.
it accounted for immigration in terms of residency?? it made the government responsive to the will of the people?? it made the people responsive to the will of the government??
Although we do not know what the future global political structure will look like, we can safely assume that ____________.
it will be directed by economic-political elites
Pure capitalism is also known as __________.
laissez-faire capitalism
A(n) ___________ is a form of government headed by a single individual whose right to rule was inherited.
monarchy
Third parties in the United States often fail because they are either too centrist or too ___________.
radical
When attempting to explain why nations choose war, sociologists look for the __________ causes.
social
In a __________ economy, a central committee determines production levels and pricing.
socialist
9/11 is an example of ________.
suicide terrorism
Weaker groups that cannot match their opponents on a traditional battlefield will often choose ____________ as a means of accomplishing their political goals.
terrorism
Despite some differences, the Democratic and Republican parties are both centrist because they support ___________.
the fundamental principles of the United States, including capitalism
The linking of the world's nations by fast communication, transportation, and increased trade has created what sociologists refer to as _________.
the global village
Greater productivity and lower prices are benefits of ____________.
the globalization of capitalism
The global superclass has its roots in __________.
the globalization of capitalism
During the expansion of political power, ____________ led to the development of political entities that claim a monopoly on violence.
the idea of citizenship?? various revolutions?? regional conflicts??
Which of the following is a consequence of the globalization of capitalism?
the increase in prices of common goods?? the struggles of the U.S. auto industry??
The U.S. Constitution provides _________ to ensure that no one branch of government dominates the other.
the president with ultimate authority?? a system of checks and balances?? a system of pluralism??
Charismatic leaders pose a threat to established leaders because ___________.
they are not regulated by tradition or law, only the people
Hitler's Germany can best be characterized as ___________.
totalitarianism
The Civil War in the United States was most likely "fueled" by either beliefs or _________.
unity
