Chapter 10 Practice Questions

Completing an application form, Marisol checks a box marked "Latino." This term denotes Marisol's _____ identity. socioeconomic ethnic social racial

ethnic

Marcus is unsure what path to take as an adult. According to Erikson, Marcus is experiencing: stagnation. role confusion. guilt. isolation.

role confusion.

Teena is an emerging adult. Teena MOST likely lives in: El Salvador. the United States. Somalia. Bangladesh.

the United States

Who is MOST likely to be worried about a social clock issue? Carrie, who is pregnant and married at age 19 Jason, age 23, who is moving back home after college Matt, who is applying to medical school at age 40 Yuki, who is moving to the United States from Japan at age 25

Matt, who is applying to medical school at age 40

Which individual will experience the BIGGEST boost to self-esteem from being in a caring romantic relationship? Sophia, who is 20 Michael, who is 21 Veronica, who is 23 Robert, who is 25

Michael, who is 21

Katie is struggling in an extremely difficult calculus course. Her previous math courses did not prepare her for the level of the material. Katie is probably: experiencing flow. bored. anxious. energized.

anxious.

Jason has had five girlfriends in the past year. Jason's girlfriends say that he is afraid of getting close emotionally, keeps emotional sharing to a minimum, and feels strongly that he must be independent rather than intimate. Jason has a(n) _____ adult attachment style. preoccupied/ambivalent avoidant/distracted avoidant/dismissive secure

avoidant/dismissive

Vickie's summer job consists mainly of photocopying and filing. The position makes few demands on the skills Vickie has acquired in her education and work experience thus far. Vickie is likely: anxious. bored. experiencing flow. depressed.

bored.

A study conducted by Pryor et al. (2011) found that emerging adults were more driven to achieve than their counterparts were in previous years. In the language of developmental science, this result reflects a difference between: age grades. generations. cohorts. schemas.

cohorts.

Tierra says, "I'm proud to be Black" as well as, "I'm proud to be American." This shows that Tierra has: rejected mainstream culture. connected with mainstream culture. rejected her ethnic identity. chosen mainstream culture over her Black identity.

connected with mainstream culture.

Amy has had an easier time dealing with emerging adulthood than her friends. Amy MOST likely scores higher than her friends on measures of: extraversion. openness to experience. conscientiousness. agreeableness.

conscientiousness.

A team of developmental scientists conducts an experience-sampling study to assess adolescents' experience with flow. The team studies a group of seventh-grade students, a group of ninth-grade students, and a group of eleventh-grade students over a 3-week period. This study best exemplifies a _____ research design. naturalistic cohort cross-sectional longitudinal

cross-sectional

Twenty-three-year-old Chelsea has no idea about what to do with her life and has no interest in any career. In terms of identity statuses, Chelsea would be classified as being in identity: foreclosure. moratorium. achievement. diffusion.

diffusion.

Daniel is homophobic. This means he: experiences sexual arousal by a member of the same sex. is secretly interested in homosexuals. has an intense fear and dislike of homosexuals. shows physical aggression toward homosexuals.

has an intense fear and dislike of homosexuals.

Trish is being interviewed by a counselor about what Trish wants to do when she graduates from high school. Trish replies, "I don't know what I WANT to do, but I HAVE to work as a receptionist at my mother's company." Trish is most likely experiencing what Marcia refers to as: identify diffusion. identity foreclosure. identity achievement. moratorium.

identity foreclosure.

The adult attachment categories are based on Mary Ainsworth's: security-seeking attachment styles. preschool attachment styles. infant attachment styles. identity statuses.

infant attachment styles.

"Dance like no one's watching. Work like you don't need the money. Love like you've never been hurt," exhorts a poster on a psychology professor's office door. This poster extols the virtue of engaging in an activity for its own sake; it encourages _____ motivation. intrinsic endogenous internal extrinsic

intrinsic

Jennifer is watching her boyfriend's Facebook activity. One down side to doing so is that it is likely to make Jennifer: happy. flirtatious. depressed. jealous.

jealous.

Julia settled on the identity of being a nurse, but after ten years she has decided that this identity no longer fits. According to Marcia, Julia will experience _____ until she finds a new identity. identity foreclosure identify diffusion moratorium identity achievement

moratorium

For as long as she can remember, Tina has wanted to be a police officer. Now, as a criminal justice major, Tina is taking an up close, in-depth look at careers in law enforcement to see if it is really for her. Tina's focused career exploration is termed: moratorium in depth. identity consolidation. foreclosure, reconsidered. modified moratorium.

moratorium in depth.

Jacob did an internship at an office and didn't like it, so now he's working at a landscaping company to see if he likes manual labor better. According to Erikson and Marcia, Jacob is experiencing: identity achievement. identify diffusion. identity foreclosure. moratorium.

moratorium.

Fifteen-year-old Melanie thinks she may be a lesbian, but she is not sure. She is exploring gay and lesbian literature and has read some of the scientific literature on homosexuality. By contrast, 16-year-old Nancy self-identifies as a lesbian and sometimes participates in social events for gay and lesbian youth at a local community center. In Marcia's terms, Melanie is in the _____ stage of identity development, while Nancy reflects the _____ stage. moratorium; foreclosure moratorium; achievement diffusion; foreclosure diffusion; achievement

moratorium; achievement

People who see their partner as _____ have better relationships over time. emotionally stable and physically attractive outgoing and emotionally stable physically attractive and wealthy wealthy and outgoing

outgoing and emotionally stable

Beatrice is constantly rejected and feels unfulfilled. She recognizes that her excessive clinginess and jealousy interfere with her ability to connect. Beatrice has a(n) _____ attachment style. avoidant/distracted avoidant/dismissive secure preoccupied/ambivalent

preoccupied/ambivalent

Dr. Farber's research assistant is coding a participant's responses from an interview about his current relationship. The participant's responses suggest considerable concerns about being abandoned. The research assistant codes the participant's attachment style as: permissive. avoidant/dismissive. preoccupied/ambivalent. secure.

preoccupied/ambivalent.

Gavin is always anxious when his girlfriend is working the late shift. When she returns, he craves reassurance from her, but sometimes drives her way by expressing his insecurity about their relationship. Gavin's attachment style may be best described as: preoccupied/ambivalent. foreclosed. avoidant/dismissive. secure.

preoccupied/ambivalent.

Dr. Miyake wishes to understand the importance of career exploration in the lives of individual emerging adults. She doesn't perform statistical analyses on groups of participants. Instead, she conducts in-depth interviews. Dr. Miyake conducts _____ research. quantitative qualitative naturalistic correlational

qualitative

Marcus is content to watch television most of the time and earn a little cash doing odd jobs here and there. Marcus's girlfriend, Scarlett, breaks up with him because she cannot accept Marcus's lack of work ethic. Scarlett and Marcus broke up during the _____ phase of Bernard Murstein's mate-selection theory. value-comparison role homogamy attachment

value-comparison

Peter, who has experienced his first bout of depression, is within the normal age range for when these kinds of mental disorders reach their life peak. Peter is MOST likely _____ years old. 10 15 22 40

22

An example of ruminative moratorium would be: Charlie, who lacks ambition and sees no adult paths that appeal to him. Anne, who is anxious over whether to pursue a career as a doctor or an actress. Brad, who has always known he wanted to be a teacher. Della, who is interning at three different types of jobs to see which fits her best.

Anne, who is anxious over whether to pursue a career as a doctor or an actress.

Pick the career-decision tip the text did NOT recommend. Use activities that give you "flow" as guidelines for choosing a satisfying career. Go to college upon high school graduation, even if academics is not your thing, or else you'll never take that step. Take time to explore various career possibilities. Conduct an active moratorium career search.

Go to college upon high school graduation, even if academics is not your thing, or else you'll never take that step.

Ashley just dropped out of college. According to the text, what is the MOST likely reason she did so? She found the academic work too difficult. She could not find a major that interested her. She had to work full time to pay for school, and the strain became too much. She did not believe that a college degree would help her in the workforce.

She had to work full time to pay for school, and the strain became too much.

Early in psychology's history, the psychoanalytic pioneer _____ stated that ideal mental health consists of the ability to love and work. Erik Erikson Urie Bronfenbrenner Jean Piaget Sigmund Freud

Sigmund Freud

Which woman may find it MOST difficult to find an ethnic home? Tess, who is multiracial Carrie, who is Black Bella, who is Latina Ping, who is Asian-American

Tess, who is multiracial

Which statement regarding teens' tendency to entertain high career aspirations is true? Today's teens are less apt to entertain high career aspirations than their counterparts did in decades past. Adolescent boys are more likely to entertain high career aspirations than are teenage girls. Adolescents with higher socioeconomic status entertain higher career aspirations than do adolescents with lower socioeconomic status. The adolescent tendency to entertain unrealistic career aspirations varies little with socioeconomic status.

The adolescent tendency to entertain unrealistic career aspirations varies little with socioeconomic status.

Michael, Andrea, Shantelle, and Miriam are all emerging adults. If a researcher were to follow them from ages 17 to 27, what is the researcher MOST likely to find in terms of their romantic commitments and financial independence? There will be significant variability for both of these variables. They will all show increased financial independence with time, but romantic commitment will be variable. They will all show increased romantic commitment with time, but financial independence will be variable. They will all show increased romantic commitment and increased financial independence over time.

There will be significant variability for both of these variables.

William is 24-years-old. After high school, he worked in his father's construction business, then took a management position at a Home Depot. After working with some friends who had their own construction companies, he has decided to start his own construction company. In terms of identity statuses, William is most likely identity: diffused. foreclosed. achieved. exploring.

achieved.

Two developmentalists are discussing the potential relationship between frontal lobe maturity and increasing job responsibility across the emerging-adulthood years. One of the scientists suggests that perhaps those emerging adults with especially well-developed frontal lobes are the ones who seek out demanding jobs with a lot of responsibility. Recall the discussion of nature/nurture interactions in the text's first chapter. This scientist is making reference to the role of _____ forces. interactive evocative selective active

active

Claire, a college freshman, asks her college advisor for some tips at succeeding at school. Claire's advisor might suggest: taking easy classes the first year. taking early morning classes to get them out of the way. studying the textbook without necessarily going to class. asking professors for concrete information on tests and papers.

asking professors for concrete information on tests and papers.

Tom is two-years-old. He rarely acts nervous in strange situations and pays little attention to his mother's presence or absence. Tom would most likely be classified as having a(n) _____ attachment style. avoidant preoccupied secure anxious-ambivalent

avoidant

As a high school junior, Kiera has not considered potential educational or career paths. She seems to have no clear idea regarding her future and seems unconcerned with the issue. In Marcia's terms, Kiera reflects the _____ stage of identity development. exploration achievement diffusion moratorium

diffusion

Grace is a 19-year-old college sophomore. She is living away from home for the first time and is trying to decide on a major. Grace is in a phase of life many developmental psychologists call _____ adulthood. formative developing emerging beginning

emerging

Astrid is experiencing "flow." She is MOST likely: relaxing and watching television. engaging in intrinsically motivating, challenging tasks. getting external rewards for working hard. not being challenged.

engaging in intrinsically motivating, challenging tasks.

A developmental scientist probes adolescent identity formation. The scientist texts high school students randomly over the course of a semester to have them report their college and career thoughts. This study uses Csikszentmihalyi and Schneider's (2000) _____ research technique. cross-sectional quantitative analysis experience-sampling participant observation

experience-sampling

The hours go by like minutes, and Gene is working at top capacity in a challenging task. The name for this state is: potential. flow. development. proximal reach.

flow.

Lee is in high school. He states that he is a Republican. However, he has given little thought to politics; he is a Republican mainly because his parents and neighbors are Republicans. Lee's example illustrates Marcia's _____ stage of identity formation. moratorium foreclosure diffusion achievement

foreclosure

Twenty-year-old Karl tells you that he plans to work in his father's carpentry business because his father told him he must do so. Karl's identity status is: diffusion. foreclosure. achieved. moratorium.

foreclosure.

When Frank is asked what his religious affiliation is, he replies that he is Methodist. When asked why or how he decided on that religion, he replies, "I have always been Methodist, and my mom and dad would be upset if I chose something else." Frank's religious identity status is: diffusion. foreclosure. moratorium. confusion.

foreclosure.

Joseph is in the lower half of his public high school class. Given the statistics predicting college success, Joseph may be best off: getting work experience first, then deciding whether to go to college or not. never going to college. starting a family right away and not furthering his education. starting college right away because otherwise he'll never go.

getting work experience first, then deciding whether to go to college or not.

Sara is off time in her development. This means that she: has entered the expected life roles at the right timetable for her culture. is intellectually behind or ahead of the average person in her culture. has not entered the expected life roles (i.e., marriage or parenthood) at the normal age for her culture. acts too mature or immature for her age.

has not entered the expected life roles (i.e., marriage or parenthood) at the normal age for her culture.

Professor Hartwood has been conducting a longitudinal study of 100 children who were raised by lesbian couples. Professor Hartwood is MOST likely to have found that these children: tend to become lesbian or gay themselves. get spanked and hit more often than children raised by heterosexuals. have had no problems with their gender identity and show no signs of impaired mental health. show serious signs of gender confusion.

have had no problems with their gender identity and show no signs of impaired mental health.

Alice doesn't find any option for her future very appealing. She is MOST likely experiencing what Marcia calls: moratorium. identify diffusion. identity foreclosure. identity achievement.

identify diffusion.

Mark's guidance counselor has suggested six different options for Mark when he graduates from high school. None of the options appeal to Mark. Mark is MOST likely experiencing what Marcia calls: identity foreclosure. moratorium. identify diffusion. identity achievement.

identity diffusion

David has always been told that when he graduates from high school he will have to come help run his father's dry cleaning business. According to Marcia, David is likely to experience: identify diffusion. moratorium. identity foreclosure. identity achievement.

identity foreclosure.

Eugene is 27-years-old, and he feels very insecure about some of the personal and career choices he has made. Consequently, he is reluctant to undertake a serious, committed relationship with another person. Based on Erikson's theory, Eugene may develop a sense of: stagnation. inferiority. despair. isolation.

isolation.

Jon is just beginning to think about his life in a mature, adult way. Jon is MOST likely in his: late 20s. mid-30s. early teens. late teens.

late 20s.

Which set of attachment characteristics does NOT contain a discrepant element? unresponsive, aloof, sensitive, capable of genuine intimacy likely to be in a successful long-term relationship, capable of genuine intimacy, sensitive, empathic has affectionate interactions, empathic, avoidant, unlikely to be in a successful long-term relationship empathic, secure, needy, jealous

likely to be in a successful long-term relationship, capable of genuine intimacy, sensitive, empathic

Perry (1999) tracked Harvard undergraduates from freshman through senior year. He found that students progressed toward a tolerance of diverse points of view. Perry's research exemplifies a(n) _____ design. longitudinal cross-sectional experimental qualitative

longitudinal

Troy and Dean have been dating for nearly a year. They are planning to finish their educations and then settle in a nearby state where they can legally marry. They will live in a city best suited to Dean's prospective career in the arts. According to Bernard Murstein's theory, Troy and Dean are in the _____ phase of the mate-selection process. stimulus foreclosure value-comparison role

role

On Monday, Jacques announces to his parents that he wants to be called "Jack." On Wednesday, he says he wants to drop out of school. On Friday, he says he wants to get a tattoo and become an architect. Erikson would say that Jacques is experiencing feelings of: isolation. role confusion. shame and doubt. inferiority.

role confusion.

Tracey has had many labels during her lifetime: she has been a daughter, student, spouse, mother, and grandmother. Developmentalists refer to these labels as: identity statuses. schemas. roles. age norms.

roles.

Trevor is entering college and has to decide between become a doctor or a lawyer, both of which appeal to him. Trevor is very anxious about this choice. According to the text, Trevor is experiencing: ruminative moratorium. moratorium. identity foreclosure. identity achievement.

ruminative moratorium.

Jeanine just graduated from college and is looking for a job. She is undergoing the: empty nest syndrome. primary labor market phase. school-to-work transition. programmed position.

school-to-work transition.

Alice takes her one-year-old son, Derek, to visit an infant-toddler program in which she hopes to enroll him. Derek eagerly explores the room as long as Alice is present. When Alice leaves the room to fill out some forms, Derek becomes somewhat upset. When she returns, though, Derek quickly calms down. Which term best describes Derek's attachment style? avoidant secure diffuse insecure

secure

When James describes his wife of eight years, he exudes pleasure. He says that he feels in love with and committed to his wife. He encourages his wife to have her own friends and interests. James' attachment style is: avoidant/dismissive. secure. insecure. preoccupied/ambivalent.

secure.

MacKenzie is 26-years-old, and her mother has noted that MacKenzie is just now developing: self-control and resilience. shyness and a fear of entering the world. self-control and the ability to make rational decisions. aggression and greater risk taking.

self-control and the ability to make rational decisions.

Juanita is 16-years-old, and she wants to study chemical engineering when she goes to college. Her parents think Juanita is being too ambitious, and they are pressuring her to complete a business degree instead. Meanwhile, her boyfriend is talking about marriage, and he does not want her to even go to college. Based on Erikson's theory, it is likely that Juanita will: develop feelings of inferiority. develop a sense of despair. show evidence of role confusion. develop a strong sense of identity.

show evidence of role confusion.

Jessica is 34-years-old and just has broken up with her long-time boyfriend. She is depressed and concerned that her plans to get married and have children by the age 35 will not happen. Jessica's inner timetable telling her where she should be at a certain stage in life is her. foreclosed identity. social clock. moratorium. biological clock.

social clock.

Emily will be happiest with a mate if she chooses: someone who is very different from her. someone who is very similar to her. someone whose personality she adores. someone who is physically very attractive.

someone whose personality she adores.

You are at a bar and want to dance. As you scan the bar, you think to yourself, "Too heavy . . . too old . . . . doesn't look clean . . ." This behavior reflects the _____ phase of Bernard Murstein's mate-selection process. stimulus value-comparison attachment role

stimulus

Jesseka is going to a college in a city where she is an ethnic minority. She has felt discrimination many times. One way for Jesseka to reduce the risk of experiencing depression from the discrimination would be for her: to leave college. to ignore the discrimination. to reach out to others in her ethnic group in her new city. to assimilate more into mainstream culture.

to reach out to others in her ethnic group in her new city.